PRACTICAL: - 01

Aim: - Obtain motor gain constant of DC motor.

Apparatus: - DC motor, DC motor study kit,

Theory: - In a schematic diagram of a DC motor, following notations are used:

: Armature voltage (volts)

ia : Armature Currents (amp.)

: Armature resistance (ohms)

: Armature inductance (henrys)

eb : Back emf (volts)

if : Field current (amp.)

Tm : Motor torque (N-m)

TL : Load torque (N-m)

: Angular velocity (rad/sec)

J : Momentum of inertia of the rotor including external loading if any.

B : Viscous friction coefficient including external loading if any.

Upper case notations , Ia , Eb , If are used for steady state values of respective
variables , ia , eb , if.

In a present setup a permanent magnet DC motor is used, the field winding is thus absent
and the air gap flux is constant. The input drive may therefore be applied to the armature only,
that is only armature controlled operation is possible.

The mathematical equations in this operating model are,

Tm = KT ia .KT : Torque constant

eb = Kb Kb : Back emf constant

+ Raia + eb = ea Armature circuit model

+ B + TL = TM.Mechanical model

Taking Laplace transform and rearranging the terms..
() Kt
=
() (+)(+)

Assuming the inductance of the armature circuit is very small, the motor transfer function may
be written as.
() /
GM(s) = = +1 ..(1)
() ++

Km= + : Motor gain constant

= + : Motor time constant

The armature controlled motor therefore has a first order type 0 transfer function as shown in
eqn.(1) and the two constant Km and depend upon motor parameters and external loading.

Procedure:
Connect DC motor unit to dc motor study unit & switch on the both unit.
Put load value zero in dc motor unit.
Now connect wire between Ea and volt meter female port.
Set the value of Ea .
Measure rpm & current of dc motor in dc motor study unit.
Now disconnect it without changing the value of Ea and connect the wire between Eg
female port and voltmeter female port.
After measuring the value of Eg disconnect it and again put back in Ea port change the
value of Ea.
Repeat the steps and take the readings of Ia, N (speed) and Eg.
Observation table:

S.NO Ea Ia N( rmp) Eg

QUESTIONS: -

1) What is the value of motor gain constant?

2) Whether graph is linear or not?