IEEE Standard Test Procedure For AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated On A Symmetrical Current Basis

ANSI/IEEE C37.
09-1979
An American National Standard
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IEEE Po
Approved September 8,1977

IEEE Standards Board
Secretariat
Institute of Electrical and EIectronics Engineers
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
Approved October 15,1979

American National Standards Institute
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0 Copyright 1980 by
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc

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rwise,
without the prior written permission o f the publisher.
Foreword
art of ANSI/IEEE C37.09-1979, American National Standard, IEEE Standard Test Pro-
Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis.)
C37.09-1964 (R 1969). This revision contains both substantive

he result of the general power circuit breaker consolidation
09a-1970 is included as part of the consolidation.
s involve atmospheric correction factors, control circuit fests, and duration
revisions were balloted as C37.09b and C37.09c, but the supplemental
y have been incorporated into this revision. The atmospheric
prepared by a working group of the Power Circuit Breaker (PCB)
ped to fill a need for rules concerning the application of atmospheric
ctric tests on circuit breakers. The requirements for low-frequency
secondary wiring (see 5.16) have been modified to allow a motor to
tests and tested separately at its specified level. A change has also been
s 1and 2, stating that the tripping delay, T,be no less than '/z s.
editorial changes resulting in the consolidation of test procedures
dards into this one test procedure.
and manufacturers trade organizations were interested in standards for
ers as well as other types of electrical equipment and worked to develop
ts for capabilities, sizes, and testing procedures. Among these groups were the
Electric Light Association (NELA), the Electric Power Club (a predecessor of
ational Electrical Manufacturers Association), the Association of Edison Illuminat-
son Electric Institute (EEI).
years up to 1940, these organizations adopted and published a number of standardiza-
ing rating, testing, and other requirements for high-voltage circuit
series of standards for circuit breakers, based on those of AIEE, d
ed for trial use by the American Standards Association (ASA). This d
gh-voltage circuit breakers. In 1945, this series was issued as an
with the familiar C37 number identification. This series included
izes, testing, and application of circuit breakers. In 1952 and 1953,
vised and supplemented by additional sections, forming the CO
for high-voltage circuit breakers. A t the time of publicat
AC Power Circuit Breakers (included definitions, rating basis, and some

test requirements)
Methods for Determining the RMS Value of a Sinusoidal Current Wave
and Normal-Frequency Recovery Voltage, and for Simplified Calculation
of Fault Currents
ANSI C37.6-1953 Schedules of Preferred Ratings for Power Circuit Breakers
ANSI C37.7-1952 terrupting Rating Factors for Reclosing Service
ANSI C37.8-1952 Rated Control Voltages and their Ranges
Test Code for Power Circuit Breakers
2 Guide Specifications for Alternating Current Power Circuit Breakers
'AIEE (American Institute of Electrical Engineers) merged with IRE (Institute of Radio Engineers) January 1, 1963
to form the joint organization IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers).
Under these original standards, the basis of the interrupting rating was established by 6.11 of
ANSI C37.4-1953 as the highest current t o be tempted at the specified operating voltage and
was the . . . rins value including the dc compo nt at the instant of contact separation as deter-
based the interrupting rating on
eparation, it has become known
le in ANSI C37.5-1953, which

lying factors for fault current to derive a max
1 rms current wh eparation. This current was used to
in ANSI C37.6-1953, or subsequent
circuit breaker operating times.
1951, the AIEE Switchgear eration t o the development of a
work was initiated
(1) Simplifying appl d f s t clearing circuit breakers are u

t with accepted international st
ion on rating differences
(3) Requiring that circuit te a definite relationshi
cipally in a working group of the AIEE Power Circuit

ng, testing, and a
ponsored papers at AI
ings in 1954, 1959, and 1960. were considered by the working
group and incorporated where from the 1953 Total Current
d Short Circuit Cur-
rent as the highest value t of the.. . short-circuit current
ct separation, which the
in related capabilities were also
etry based on typical
e known as the Sym
f Rating. However, as the
er to the newer standard
many PCBs. It was,
cided to retain bo the understanding that all new circuit
opments would be metrical standards. Th
based on the total current standards would be tra to the new standards a
in rerating programs. This transfer is being carried out and ANSI C37.6 and ANSI C37.06 havc
been revised accordingly a number of times.
The symmetrical current group of standard sections as published in 1964 and was given ANSI
C37.04, C37.05, C37.06, etc, designations. These sections and ,the corresponding 1953 sections
were ;
Total Current Standard Symmetrical Current Standard Subject
ANSI C37.4 ANSI C37.03 Definitions

Rating Structure
ANSI c37.5 Measurement of Voltage

and Current Waves
ANSI C37.6 ANSI C37.06 Preferred Ratings
ANSI C37.06a
Total Current Standard Symmetrical Cunrent Standard Subject
ANSI C37.7 ANSI C37.07 Reclosing Factors

ANSI C37.8 (included in Control Voltages
ANSI C37.06)
ANSI C37. ANSI C37.09 Test Code
ANSI C37.09a
ANSI C37.010 Application Guide
(expansion of material
previously in C37.5)
Sections .04a, .06a, and .09a, also issued in 1964, were addenda concerned with supplemental
ability requirements.
7.06-1964 and subsequent revisions prior to 1971, circuit breaker symmetrical c
interrupting ratings were derived from ratings in ANSI C37.6-1961 by a relationship following a
ween the total (asymmetrical) current of the former rating method and
requirements of the new rating method. For a given breaker this
rated short circuit cur-+ LGllU

= 11961 f nominalvoltage \ ~
whi?re
[ rated maximum voltage 1 I'
ting rating in amperes appearing in ANSI C37.6-1961

F = 0.915 for 3 cycle breakers
0.955 for 5 cycle breakers
d short circuit current was tabulated for rated maximum voltage rather th
he total current basis of rating.
as for the numerical conversion
e total current basis of rating, coul
etrical current basis of rating with
on of ANSI C37.06 published in 1971, several simplifications were introduced, includ-

a new method for selection of interrupting current ratings for outdoor circuit breakers
dues for rated short circuit current were chosen from the R-10 preferred
use of a reference nominal 3-phase MVA identification wasdis
changed to unity, 1.0, to simplify rating and tes
s since the official publication of the primary sections of the symme
tage circuit breakers, a number of revisions, additions, and
and published. Many of these additions were in subject areas
in the rating, testing, and application of circuit breakers and were published as
ontaining appropriate definitions, rating performance criteria, rating numbers,
siderations. This was done to avoid delay in publication and the
standards as each of these was completed. The result has been
a substantial number of individual supplementary standards. The basic subject
tary standards, and their initial publication dates, are shown
ANSI C37.071-1969 Requirements for Line Closing Switching Surge Control
971 Require
ANSI c 3 7 .a72 1-1971 pplication Guide for Transient Recovery Voltage
ANSI C37.0722-1971 ansient Recovery Voltage Ratings
ANSI C37.073-1972 Requirements for itance Current Switching
ANSI C37.0731-1973 Application Guid e Current Switching
ANSI C37.0732-1972 Preferred Ratings for C Current Switching
ANSI C37.074-1972 Requirements for Switc ulse Voltage Insulation
ANSI C37.076-1972 Requirements for Pressurized Components
ANSI C37.078-1972 Requirements for External Insulating
ANSI C37.0781-1
ANSI C37.079-1973 ers When Rated
A goal of work re y the 1979 publication of th

has been the editorial in the supplementary standards listed above
primary standards documents. For circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current
solidated standards sections are :
ANSI/IEEE C37.04-197
ANSI C37.06-1979 Preferred Ratings and Related Required Capabilities
ANSI/IEEE C37.09-1979 Test Procedure
ANSI/IEEE C37.010-1979 Application Guide - General
ANSI/IEEE C37.011-1979 Application Guide - Transient Recovery Voltage
ANSI/IEEE C37.012-1979 Application Guide - Capacitance Current Switching
Voltage Waves, is incor

actors for Reclosing Service, is incor-
E C37.09. Definitions which have
t o the primary subject document

s are requirements for current transformers,
and seismic capability requirements.
ed in ANSI C37.6, the existing
7.9 will continue to be applicable.
emes, which apply groups of
AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers

s and a Total Current Basis
tage Circuit Breakers
otal Current Basis
the normal ANSI pr
dards are reaffirmed vised, or withdrawn within no more than five intervals from the
original publication date.
Suggestions for improvement gained in the use of this standard will be welcome. T
sent to the
American National Standards Institute

1430 Broadway
New York, NY 10018
The basic data included in this consolidated document is the result of contributions made by
duals over many years. At the time of approval, however, the American National
mmittee on Power Switchgear, C37, which reviewed and approved this standard, had
J. P. Lucas, Secretary
J. E. Beehler, Executive Vice-chairman of High- Voltage Switchgear Standards
W. E. Laubach, Executive Vice-Chairman of Low-Voltage Switchgear Standards
.Wilson, Executive Vice-chairman of IEC Activiti
Organization Rep Name of Representative
Association of Iron and Steel Engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................

Electric Light & Power Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E. E. Ramm (AH)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ............................ M. J. Maier
H. H. Fahnoe
R. E. Friedrich
G. W. Walsh
H. F. White
M. J. Beachy (Alt)
C. A. Mathews (Alt)
R. (Alt)
D. (Alt)
National Electrical Manufacturers Association. ............................. A. P. Colaiaco
R. W. Dunham
W. R. Wilson
Testing Laboratory Group. .......................................... E. J. Huber
R. A. Naysmith
R. W. Seelbach (Alt)
Tennessee Valley A y.. ........................................ R.C.St.Clair
US. Department o my . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
US. Department o rior, Bureau of Reclamation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. M. Hannemann
The personnel of the C37 Subcommittee o High Voltage Circuit Breakers which reviewed and
approved this document were as follows:
chaufelberger, Chairman
J. J. Fayed, Secretary
J. E. Beehler D. R. Kanitz
D. 0. Craghead W. E. Laubach
M. A. Durso G. N. Lester
C. J. Dvorak F. W. Smith
R. E. Friedrich D. L. Swindler
W. R. Wilson
The basic source documents used in this consolidated document were prepared by various Work-
e Power Circuit Breaker Subcommittee of the IEEE Switchgear Committee. The
ubcommittee at the time of consolidation were as follows:
G. N. Lester, Chairman
H. W. Anderl G. P. Guaglione H. K. Reid

J. E. Beehler R. D. Hambrick A. B. Rishworth
D. M. Benenson G. R. Hanks W. N. Rothenbuhler
L. E. Brothers W. C. Huening, Jr F. G. Schaufelberger
R. G. Colclaser P. L. Kolarik H. N. Schneider
J. C. Coon S. R. Lambert E. F. Solorzano
C. F. Cromer D. M. Larson C. J. Truax
C. R. Cusick W. E. Laubach E. F. Veverka
A. Dupont M. J. Maier C. L. Wagner
C. J. Dvorak D. R. Webster
A. C. Wert
G. J. Meinders G. A. Wilson, Jr
G. L. Nuss, Jr W. R. Wilson
I. E. Olivier B. F. Wirtz
K. I. Gray G. 0. Perkins C. E. Zanzie
J. G. Reckleff
Group of this subcommittee responsible for the editorial consolidation work on this
standard consisted of:
N. E. Reed W. N . Rothenbuhler F. G. Schaufelberger
When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on October 15,1979, it had the follow-
ing membership :
Joseph L. Koepfinger, Chairman Irvin N. Howell, Jr, Vice Chairman

Ivan G. Easton, Secretary
G. Y. R. Allen Harold S. Goldberg J. E. May
William E. Andrus Richard J. Gowen Donald T. Michael*
C. N. Berglund H. Mark Grove R. L. Pritchard
Edward Chellotti Loering M. Johnson F. Rosa
Edward J. Cehen Ralph M. Showers
Warren H. Cook J. W. Skooglund
R. 0. Duncan Leon Levy W. E, Vannah
Jay Forster B. W. Whittington
*Member emeritus
Contents
ION PAGE
1. scope .................................................................
1.1 DesignTests .......................................................
1.2 Production Tests ................................................... 11
1.3 Tests After Delivery .........................................
1.4 FieldTests ..................................................
1.5 ConformanceTes...................................................... 11
...............................................................
Purpose
3. ConditionsofTest .........................................................12
3.1 Usual Service Conditions ............................................... 12
3.2 UnusualService Conditions ............................................. 12
3.3 Breaker Condition .................................................... 12
DesignTests ............................................................
4.1 Rated Mkimum Voltage ............................................... 12
4.2 Rated Voltage Range Factor ............................................ 12
4.3 RatedFrequency ...................................................
4.4 Rated Continuous Current-Carrying Tests ................................
4.5 Rated Dielectric Strength ..................................
4.6 Short-circuit Rating ......................................
4.7 Rated Transient Recovery Voltage ...........................
4.8 Rated Standard Operating Duty (Standard Duty Cycle) ...........
4.9 Rated Interrupting Time ...................................
4.10 Rated Permissible Tripping Delay ........................................ 35
4.11 Rated Reclosing Time .........................................
4.12 Load Current Switching Tests .. , ................................
4.13 Rated Capacitor Switching Current ...................................... 36
4.14 Rated Line Closing Switching Surge Factor , ..............................
4.15 Out-of-Phase Switching Current Tests ..............................
4.16 Rated Shunt Reactor Current Switching ...........................
4.17 Rated Excitation Current Switching. , , , .... . .. .....................
4.18 Mechanical Life ...................................................... 47
4.19 Rated Control Voltage (Nominal Control Voltage) ........................... 49
4.20 Rated Fluid Operating Pressure ..........................................
4.21 Design Tests on Porcelain Components ....................................
5. ProductionTests .......................................................... 49
5.1 TypesofTests ....................................................... 49
5.2 Current and Linear Coupler Transformer,Tests .............................. 50
5.3 High-Voltage Circuit Breaker Bushing Tests ................................. 50
5.4 GasReceiverTests ..................................................
5.5 PressureTests ........................................................
5.6 Nameplatecheck .....................................................
5.7 LeakageTes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... 51
5.8 Resistors, Heaters, and Coils Check Tests .............................. 51
5.9 Control and Secondary Wiring Check Tes .............................. 51
5.10 Clearance and Mechanical Adjustment Check ........................... 51
5.11 Mechanical Operation Tests ............................................. 51
5.12 TimingTests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.13 Stored Energy System Tests ............................................. 52
5.14 Electrical Resistance of Current Path Test .................................. 52
SECTION PAGE
5.15 Low-Frequency Withstand Voltage n Major Insulation Components . . . . . . . . . 52

6 Low-Frequency Withstand Voltage Tests on Control and Secondary Wiring . . . . . . . . 52
6. ConformanceTest ................................................
6.1 Method of Conducting Conformance Tests for Impulse
..........................................
ing Conformance Tests for Switching
Impulse Withstand Voltage ....................................
6.3 Method of Conducting Conformance Tests for Line Closing
Switching Surge Factor on an Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Standard Methods for Determining the Values of a Sinusoidal Current Wave
and a Normal-Frequency Recovery Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
7.1 Currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
7.2 Normal-Frequency Recovery Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ 59
8. Standards References ....................................................... 60
URES
ig 1 Air Density Correction Factor ( K p ) . . . .
Fig 2 Humidity Cone
Fig 3 Dual Voltage T ...................
Fig 4 Dual Voltage Testing, 1 2
Fig 5 Single Voltage Testing
Fig 6 Measurement of the rms Value of a Symmetrical
7 Measurement of the r
Determining the rms Value of an Asymmetrical Sine Wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
9 Scale for Measuring the rms Value of an Asymm
at a Particular Instant . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ 56
Fig 1 0 Curve for Determining the rms Value o
Having a Single Loop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............
11 Determination of the Equivalent r Current . . . . . .
12 Determination of the Normal-Freq Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Fig 13 Allowable Current Pause for a Tran
Test for Demonstrating the Short-circuit

Circuit Breaker
le 2 Test for Demonstrating the Short

Circuit Breaker by Method I1 (Tes
Single-phaseCircuit) . . .
ort-Circuit Performance Data ........................
of a Three-Pol
An American National Standard
IEEE Standard T
AC High-Voltage
Rated on a Symmetrical Curren
no-load operations and

ithstand tests at 75%
y withstand voltage.
The purposes of the test
f high-voltage circuit breakers.
11
ANSI/IEEE
C37.09-1979 TEST PROCEDURES FOR AC HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
3. Conditions o freq need correction factors because

the ed varies with the frequency of
the current, the relation depending on dc resis-
3.1 Usual Service cts, eddy currents, and hysteresis
for usual service c
the conditions prev
vided they are sual s ted Continuous Current-Carrying Tests.
conditions. continuous current-carrying tests demon-
strate that the circuit breaker can carry its
3.2 Unusual Service Conditions. Breakers de-
rated continuous current (see 5.4 of ANSI/IEEE
signed for unusual service conditions should be
tested under conditions conforming as nearly C37.04-1979) at its rated frequency without
exceeding any of the temperature limitations in
as possible to the conditions under which they
5.4.2 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979.
are applied.
4.4.1 Conditions of Test
stalled in such a manner that other connected

apparatus has no appreciable effect on the
breaker temperature, shall be tested with cables
or buses of a size corresponding to the breaker
condaxy current.
ages within the operating range specified by the

voltage range factor is de
short-circuit rating test
Tables 1 and 2 at bo
ence between
modular unit.
here is no possibili
s of the break
d continuous current test shall
temperature rises of all parts of the circuit
12
ANSIPEEE
BREAKERS RATED ON A SYMMETRICAL CURRENT BASIS C37.09-1979
and approximately on a
(1)One approximate
Measured. Tem- the circuit breaker or enclosure (including
be measured by the following bushings)
methods (See IEEE Std 119-1974,IEEE Re- (2)One approximately 12 in (5
the circuit bre,&er or enclosure.
Measurement as Applied to Elec- floor-mounted breakers or encl
Code for Temperature be 12 in (575 mm) above the
ing base.)
(3)One approximately midway between the
above two positions
(preferred method for am-
In order to avoid errors due to the time lag
between the temperature of 1
and the variations in the ambie
all reasonable precautions mu
reduce these variations and the errors arising
from them. Thus, the thermometer for deter-
mining the ambient temperature shall be im-
uples in locations
mersed in a suitable liquid, such as oil,
in order to obtain
suitable heavy metal cup when the ambient
temperature is subject to such variations that
error in taking the temperature
A convenient form for such an oil cup con-

1 be made at junction sists of a metal cylinder with a hole drilled
partly through it. This hole is filled with oil
and the thermometer is placed in it
bulb well immersed. The response of t
mometer to various rates of temperature change
required, it is sufficient will depend largely upon the size, kind of
material, and mass of the conta
may be further
amount of oil in the c
such as in multiturn coils) shall not be tus under test,
employed ,as an oil
meters used for tak- cooling-air temperature should
size oil cup employed in any c
of a metal cylinder,
and 2 in (50mm) high.
4.5 Rated Dielectric

strength of a circuit br
subjecting it to hi
made at the factory under tempe

humidity conditions
The values for come
13
S FOR AC HIGH- IRCUFT
n of the circuit
on one terminal to
of the other terminals.
h alternating volta
to 1.414 times
or flashover in each o
14
ANSI/IEEE
ON A SYMMET CURRENT BASIS C37.09-1979
not be retested in the assembled circuit for the test equipment to be able to produce a
er. virtual front time as short as the 1.2
.4 Rated Full Wave Impulse Withstand maintaining the crest value, the most rapid rise
Voltage. Tests under dry conditions are made possible may be used.
on circuit breakers to determine their ability t o In the previous edition of this s
their rated full wave impulse with- impulse voltage wave limit was 1.
See 5.5.3 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04 above. Circuit breakers
tests, both positive and negative accordance with the previous 1.2 X
having a crest value equal to 40 ps impulse wave may be assigned a 1.2 X
the rated full wave impulse withstand voltage
breaker and a wave shape of 1.2
be applied to the terminals of the
without damage or flashover in
lowing methods (see ANSI/IEEE
aker contacts open:

positive impulse voltage three
consecutive times without flashover to each
circuit breaker individually
inals and frame grounded. called a 1.2 x 40 wave.
impulse voltage three
times without flashover to each 4.5.5 Impulse Voltage
the circuit breaker individually and Resistors. An addi
and frame grounded. made on outdoor circuit
contacts closed: maximum voltage of 12
itive impulse voltage three isolating gaps in series
consecutive times without .flashover to each gaps or additional gaps
phase of the circuit breaker individually with tor circuits.
the other phases and frame grounded. All isolating gaps
ive impulse voltage three capacitor circuits are
without flashover to each
it breaker individually with
the other phases and frame grounded.
If, during the first group of three consecutive waves shall be applied
tive tests as appli o (1)and (2)above, flash- terminal of a pole unit wit
on one test of a group, a second grounded, No dam
three tests shall be made. If the cir- insulation, associa
ker successfully withstands all three shall occur.
the second group of tests, the flashover in 4.5.6 Rated Chopped Wave Impulse Withstand
group shall be considered a random Voltage. Tests are made on outdoor circuit
and the circuit breaker shall be con-
having successfully passed the test.
e form and application of the 1.2 X withstand their rated ch
wave test voltage shall be as described withstand voltage.
in IEEE Std 4-1978and shall have the follow- These voltages of m
ing limits : C37.06-1979,shall be
(1)A full wave test voltage with a virtual of the circuit breaker,
front time based on the rated full wave impulse as the full wave
e, equal to or less than 1.2 ps
st voltage equal to or exceeding the
rated full wave impulse voltage
I
'(3)A time to the 50%value of the crest volt-
age, equal to or greater than 50 ps Std 4-1978.The choppe
If the capacitance of a test sample is too high following limits:
15
ANSI/IEEE
C37.09-1979 TE AC HIGH-VOLTAGE CIR
500 ,us. The actual voltage

the tangent to the wave
voltage value is defined as the
ion of the actual installation.
ditions are made on circu
in feet not in excess of the circuit
rings and shielding shall be

are not a permanent part of
ospherk Correction Factors for
the atmospheric conditions
closed circuit
ts. To obtain the test voltage Vwt,

ted withstand voltage V, by Kp
16
ANSI/IEEE
Fig1 Fig 2
Density Correction Factor ( K p ) Humidity Correction Factor (Kh)
I& = dry test voltage

Vw = rated withstand voltage
Kh = humidity correction factor
Kp = air density correction factor
Vwt = wet test voltage
pr = relative air density
17
ST PR FOR AC HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
by the rated or related exponential-cosine en-
tempting C a p a ~ ~ t ~
e 1 is derived from the ~ Q ~ Q w iequa-
ng
normal-frequencyrecovery
mum voltage to K times this value at rated

maximum voltage/K. The lower value is the
emonstrated by Test Duty 6
Surge Testing of Extra-
lower currents, will be more severe.

Latching, Carrying, and
bility. The required capability
fault c k e n t , to latch or the
carry the current as long as is
then to interrupt the current,
circuit is demonstrated .10.2.4 O f ANSI/IEEE C37.04-
by Test Duty 11in Tables
iated with the r 4.6.2.5 Short-Time Current-Carrying Capa-

a circuit transie bility. The required short-time current carrying
ANSI/IEEE
capability of a circuit breaker is demonstrated The determining factors are the shape of the
by Test Duty 12 in Tables 1 and 2. circuit transient recovery voltage as a function
of time and the magnitude and duration of the
4.6.2.6 Redosing Capability. Reclosing duty normal-frequency recovery voltage.
cycles in 5.10.2.6 of ANSI/IEEE C37.041979 (1)Normal-Frequency Recovery Voltage.
and Fig 11 of ANSI C37.06-1979are based on Over the testing range a t which it can be ob-
operations with intentional time de- tained, the normal-freq recovery voltage
ing from 0 to 15 s. The capability to shall preferably be equ the specified re-
make a reclosure with zero intentional time covery voltage subject t
delay is demonstrated by Test Duties 9 and 10 Higher voltages may be
of Tables 1 and 2 and with 15 s time delay by turers discretion, Indirect test
Test Duties 6-1and 7-1of Tables 1 and 2. establish the interrupting capabilities of the
Interrupting Performance. When tested circuit breaker. (See
rated short-circuit current, the inter- During the three- tests demonstrating
uit breaker shall the standard duty cycle, the normal-fre
be in accordance with of A&SI/IEEE recovery voltage should be maintained
C37.04-1979. circuit breaker for at least 6 cycles.? During the
ervice Capability and Breaker Con- one-phase tests dem
capability of a circuit breaker to duty cycle, the specifie
e capabilities (see 5.10.3.3 of tained for 1 cycle?
7.04-1979)is demonstrated by duced as indicated in 4.6.6.2.
7A or 8 of Tables 1 and 2. On all other tests, the normal-freq
of Breaker Tested. The break- covery voltage may be removed after 1 cycle.*
shall be new and in good condition. It may (2)Transient Recovery
reconditioned during the testing as permitted transient recovery voltage
in accordance with 4.6.4.2. circuit breaker) should be
.1 Breaker To Be Used for Test. The exponential-cosine or one
shall be representative of the type, lope as applicable. The
r model as required for all design tests required for rated symm
currents other than rated, the
4.2 Reconditioning of Breaker During adjusted to prove the c
Testing. The expendable parts of a circuit 5.11.4.1of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-197
breaker may be replaced, except as specified Asymmetrical currents should
in Notes (7)and (13)of Tables 1 and 2. strated using test circu
4.3 Condition of Breaker After Test. the rated envelopes unmodified
e final operation of Test Duties 7 and breaker when a symmetrical cu
d in Tables 1and 2,the breaker shall mpted.
ndition specified in 5.10.3.3.2 of The actual test transient recov
EE C37.04-1979. The final closing- may differ from the circuit transie
operation is part of the demonstration voltage because of effects of the cir
ified condition. This is permissible if the circuit
Testing Conditions affect the system voltag in the same manner.
5.1 Power Factor. For short-circuit In place of the above, e circuit breaker shall
sts, the power factor of the testing be considered to have passed the test if actual
circuits shall not exceed 0.15 lagging. measured values meet the rated or related re-
uency of Test Circuit. Tests quirements.
ortcircuit capabilities shall be 4.6.5.4 Short-Line Fault Test Conditions.
th rated frequency. The re- The short-line fault is characterized by currents
with other frequencies shall approaching terminal fault values and a saw-
sary in accordancewith 4.3. tooth line side component of reco
Recovery Voltage. Both circuit of high rate-of-rise. Maximum amplitude of
overy voltage and normal-frequency
ry voltage must be considered when
nstrating the rating of a circuit breaker. 20n a 60 Hz basis.
19
EDURES FOR AC HIGM-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
9a
ANSIiIEEE
NOTES:
Vis the rated maximum voltage. See 5.1 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979.
Z is the rated short-circuit current. See 4.10.1 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979.
K is the voltage range factor. See 5.2 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979.
S is the asymmetry factor determined from 5.10.2.2 of ANSIPEEE C37.04-1979.
(4)Obtain the most severe switching conditions on at least one interruption. (See 4.6.5.11.)
(5)The connections from the power source shall be moved from one side of the circuit breaker to the other
between Test Duties 4 and 6 and between Test Duties 5 and 7 if that changes the possibility of flashover
or between phases. (See 4.6.5.9.)
(6)Interrupting time o n the last operation may exceed the rated interrupting time by one cycle. For
after test, see 4.6.4.3.
(7)Test Duties designated with -2and -3constitute an alternate for a Test Duty designated with
-1. All operations made in performing Test Duties 7A or 7B, either with the -1Test Duty or the -2an
are to be performed without maintenance to demonstrate that the circuit breaker will be in the condi
after perfarming the number of operations required for the service capability. (See 5.10.3.3 of ANSI/
1979.)
If the evidence available from development tests on this circuit breaker shows that a standard dut
severe with the voltages and currents of Test Duty 7 than of Test Duty 6,Test Duty 6 may be omi
dence available from development tests on this circuit breaker shows that a standard duty cycle i s m
the voltages and currents of Test Duty 6 than of Test Duty 7, a modified Test Duty 7, made with the voltages and
currents specified for Test Duty 6,may be used in place of both Test Duties 6 and 7.
If the standard duty cycle is not used in either Test Duty 4 or 5 and if neither Test Duty 6-1nor 7-1 is used as
specified, the standard duty cycle shall be demonstrated by Test Duty 6-1with the currents and rec
nearly as possible at the required values without any of the values being exceeded except with the a
manufacturer. Test Duty 6-1 shall then be supplemented by either Test Duty 6-2or Test Duty 6
necessary to meet the requirement not fully met by Test Duty 6-1.The other part of the alternate Test Duty need
not be made.
(8) In the closed position, the circuit breaker shall carry a current having an rms value over 3 s of KZ. For measure-
ment of current, see 7.1.6.
average of the rms values of the three ac components shall be equal to or greater than the specified value.
f the ac component in any phase shall not vary from the average by more than 10% of the average.
value is required only in one operation, but in all three phases.
Duties 9 and 10 are omitted if the circuit breaker is not rated for instantaneous reclosing. The reclosing
time shouId not exceed the rated relcosing time. See 5.9 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979.
(12)This test may be omitted if K is less than 1.2.
(13)This service capability test is required only on circuit breakers demonstrated with Test Duty 7B because a
duty at least equivalent is required in 7A. The sum of the currents interrupted in a combined total of 10 or less 0
and CO operations shall be equal to at least 400% KSZ. In this series, except in the final operation, n o individual
symmetrical component should exceed 0.85 KZ, nor should any individual total rms current ex the
final operation, the circuit breaker must clear a current having a symmetrical component at leas the
interrupting time may exceed the rated interrupting time by one cycle. See 4.6.4.3. At the di nu -
facturer, this Test Duty may be met by running without maintenance Test Duties 1 to 3, incl her
opening operations at any currents as may be required to make up an accumulated interrupted current of 400% KSZ
and then after 1h making one close-open operation with a current having a symmetrical component at least equal to
KZ. See 5.10.3.3of ANSIIIEEE C37.04-1979for limitation on tests per hour and 4.6.4.3 for condition
(14)The neutral of the test circuit o r the short circuit shall be grounded, but not both.
(15)In the Test Duty or Test Duties used to demonstrate the standard duty cycle and service capab
85 and 100% of the required asymmetrical interrupting capability, the 15 s time interval shall be used.
wise specified, for reclosing and service capability demonstrations, all other Test Duties may be made with longer
intervals or with corresponding operations not made in sequence.
Successive open or close operations require intervening switching of the testing circuit.
(16)Before at least one close operation in one Test Duty, the closing and tripping test voltages shall be at their
respective minimums and the operating pressures of pneumatic or hydraulic operating mechanisms shall be 106% or
less of cut-off pressure.
shall make two close-open operations at the required interrupting capability
being replenished. This may be demonstrated during Test Duty 4 o r 5 by
C O 1 5 s-CO operating duty or before the circuit breaker is closed prior to
essure corresponding to that of the second operation in these Test Duties. In
between operations.
5 may be omitted if the evidence available from development tests on this
circuit breaker shows that the other is the more severe condition.
(19)The bus should have a capability of Z o r KZ and the test current reduced by additional line impedance to the
required values.
(20)All test duties should be made with transient recovery voltages as specified in 4.7.
(21)This demonstration test is not required for circuit breakers rated 72.5 kV and below.
21
9 C HIGH- E CIR
ANSI/IEEE
RS D QN A SYMMETRICAL CURRENT BASIS C37.09-1979
NOTES:
Vis the rated maximum voltage. See 5.1 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979.
Z is the rated short-circuit current. See 4.10.1 of ANSIIIEEE C37.04-1979.
K is the voltage range factor. See 5.2 of ANSIDEEE C37.04-1979.
S is the asymmetry factor determined from 5.10.2.2 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979.
(3)This value is required in only one operation. (See 4.6.5.10.)

(4)Obtain the most severe switching conditions on at least one interruption. (See 4.6.5.11.)
between Test Duties 4 and 6 and between Test Duties 5 and 7 if that changes the possibility of flashov
. .
see 4.6.i.3.
st Duties designated with -2and -3constitute an alternate for a Test Duty desig
-1.All operations made in performing Test Duties 7A or 7B. either with the -1Test Dutv and -3Test Duties.
are to be performed without mainteknce to demonstrate that the circuit breaker will
after performing the number of operations requir
1979.)
If the evidence available from development test
severe with the voltages and currents of Test Dut
dence available from development tests on this ci
st Duty 6 than oi
6,may be used in place of both Test Duties 6 and 7.
not used in either Test Duty 4 or 5 and if neither Test Duty 6-1nor 7-1is used as
ty cycle shall be demonstrated by
nearly as possible at the required values without any of the
manufacturer. Test Duty 6-1shall then be supplemented by either Test Duty 6-2or Test Duty 6-3,whi
necessary to meet the requirement not fully met by Test D
not be made.
(8) In the closed position, the circuit breaker shall carry a
ment of current, see 7.1.6.
(9) The rms value of the ac component must be equal to or greater than the specified current.
(10)Except as required by Note (16), control voltage and operating pressure shall be maintained at such values
that the closing speed and the opening speed of the contacts in the region of arcing are approximately the same as is
obtained with rated control voltage and rated operating pressure during a corresponding three-p
pole circuit breaker. (See 4.6.5.7.)
(11)Test Duties 9 and 10 are omitted if the circuit breaker is not rated for instantaneous reclosing. The reclosing
time should not exceed the rated reclosing time. See 5.9 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979.
(12)This test may be omitted if K is less than 1.2.
(13)This service capability test is required only.on circuit breakers demonstrated with Test Duty
equivalent duty is required in 7 A The sum of the currents interrupted in a combined total of 10 or
operations shall be equal to at least 400% KSZ. In this series, except in the final operation, no individual symmetrical
component should exceed 0.85 KI, nor should any individual total rms current exceed 0.85 KSZ. In the final opera-
tion, the circuit breaker must clear a current having a symmetrical component a t least equal to KZ, but
ing time may exceed the rated interrupting time by one cycle. See 4.6.4.3. At the discretion of the
this Test Duty may be met by running without maintenance Test Duties 1 to 3, inclusive, plus such 0th
operations at any currents as may be required to make u p an accumulated interrupted current of 400% K
after 1 h making one close-open operation with a current having a symmetrical component at least equal to KZ. See
5.10.3.3of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979for limitation on tests per hour and 4.6.4.3 for condition after test.
(Notes for Table 2 continued o n Page 2 4 )
23
R AC HIGH-
tude constant of the 1
and the frequency is:
by additional line impedance t o

should be made with transi tages as specified in 4.7.
tion test is not required for rated 72.5 kV and below.
ANSI/IEEE
BREAKERS RATED ON A SYMMETRICAL CURRENT BASIS (237.09-1979
To determine the line-side component circuit, ground shall be placed at one terminal of the
calculate the line inductance LL,verify that the breaker, except as provided in 4.6.6.2.
constant equals d , and adjust the 4.6.5.9 Reversal of Test Connections. To
f~ to the desired value. make sure that the insulation to ground and
lines 242 kV and b e across the pole unit is stressed in the most
e 2 of 450 52 and an severe manner, circuit breakers with unsym-
metrical configuration shall be tested with the
rs (lines 362 kV and short circuit applied in turn to each side of
circuit breaker. This requirement is covered
Note (5) of Tables 1and 2.
4.6.5.10 Current Asymmetry. Interrupting
Vis in kV units. I is in kA units. tests are required with both symmetrical and
asymmetrical currents.
4.6.5.5 Control Voltage. The control voltage Any interrupting test in which the asymmetry
in the closing and tripping cir- of the current in all phases at contact parting
e circuit breaker operating mechanism time is less than 20% is considered a symmetri-
specified in Tables 1and 2.
Operating Pressure. On breakers
ydraulically or pneumatically, the
ressure shall be as specified in 4% and the instantaneous value of the normal-
frequency recovery voltage at the instant of arc
Contact Speeds During SinglePole extinction at the end of a large half cycle
Unit Tests. During single-pole tests within 2% of the crest value and at the end
nd unit tests (see 4.6.6.3) the a small half cycle is within 6% on 0.15 power
chsing speed and the opening speed of the factor circuits.
contacts in the region of arcing shall be approx- If the three-phase circuits are established
imately the same as during a corresponding test simultaneously, the initial asymmetry of the
breaker. If the tests are being most asymmetrical current can vary from 100%
pole or other part of a three- to 87%. This asymmetry usually decreases with
&er, or if the three-phase short- time and at the time of contact separation is
exert a significant influence on less than the initial value. Consequently, an
the opening and closing speeds of the circuit asymmetry at contact parting time of at least
breaker, the opening and closing forces shall be 50% is specified to give typical asymmetrical
adjusted so that the closing and opening speeds currents which can be produced at will on test-
obtained on the tests shall be approximately ing circuits during close-open operations. It is
those obtained with the corresponding fault on recognized, of course, that at contact parting
a three-pole breaker. asymmetries of 100% may occur in some in-
If the short-circuit currents cause appreciable stances. However, very high asymmetries pro-
Acceleration during opening or deceleration duce effects which tend to offset each other.
closing, and if a single mechanism oper- The effect of longer intervals between zeros
ates all poles, additional tests should be made if may be offset by a lower rate of change of cur-
they can further test the ability of the circuit rent immediately before the current zero and a
breaker to close and open three-phase faults lower instantaneous value of the normal-
successfully. frequency recovery voltage at the time of in-
4.6.5.8 Grounding of the Breaker and Test terruption.
The normally grounded parts of the Because of the difficulty of CO
aker shall be grounded. metry on close-open operations,
ase tests are made, either the short metry specified need only be met o
he neutral of the supply shall be tion of a test duty. Note (3)of Tables 1and 2
recognizes this and does not imply permission
-phase tests are made, a ground shall to use increased impedance on some operations
be placed on the test circuit. With multibreak of the test duty to make it impossible to obtain
breakers in which the voltage does not sub- these values.
stantially divide equally among all breaks, this 4.6.5.11 Obtaining the Most Severe Switch-
25
TE R AC HIGH-VOL
Ued with suff
ANSI/IEEE
in Tables 1 and 2 should switching symmetrical and asymmetrical short-

ing time and one with circuit currents less than the maximum
These tests may also be used as part
emonstrating the Shortc Duty 8. (See Note (13)of Tables 1 or
ent Rating of a Circuit Breaker. circuit transient recovery voltage used in the
ase short circuit, with either source Test Duties 1, 2, and 3 should be t
usually the most severe capability envelope (see 5.11 of A
C37.04-1979 for the
ased primarily on the breaker rating and table.
The test duties which Test Duties 4 and 5 de
of the circuit breaker to interrupt
equal t o the required symmetrical inte
are listed in Table 1. If a single pole is being capabilities at rated maximu
test duties listed in Table 2 demon- rated maximum voltage/K
performance of the corresponding demonstrate the standard
three-pole circvit breaker. missible to make thes
of limitations 15 s 0-duty cycle so that synchronous closing
switches can be used to give symmetrical cur-
rents with most severe timing (see 4.6.5.10)
up to full rating, includ- and high recovery voltages.
s. When circuit breakers Test Duty 6 demonstrates the p ance
of the circuit breaker at rated maximum volt-
age, closing a making current equal to
quired asymmetrical interrupting capab
this voltage. Because of the inability of
circuits to produce all the spec
or still other methods may also be and voltages at the specified time
with large values of K, it may n
ular circuit breaker. These to make Test Duty 6-1as specified. In thiscase,
the closing and opening capabilities are demon-
strated separately by alternate
ults. They are not at this time and 6-3,
ression h standards as to their To obtain an asymmetry o
without exceeding by a large amount the re-
quired asymmetrical interrupting capability,
requires, in many cases, that the ac component
be less than the rated short circuit current.
Test Duty 7 demonstr rmance
of the circuit breaker at m volt-
age/K, and service capability (see 4.6.3.1),which
is ;he ability of the circuit breaker to
total number of operations required
used, a single pole of the circuit in a specified condition. The test du
t be capable of performing all of varies (7A or 7B) with the rating as indicated
the operations of Table 2. Design tests may be by Tables 1 and 2. In each case, test numbers
conducted at stresses in excess of rating. In followed by -2 or -3 constitute an alternate to
tests, field tests, or in service, the the test number followed by -1.No mainten
r is not required to have the cap- is permitted between the operations of
performing under Duty 7-1 or du g the performance of Test
plicable ratings or Duty 7-2 and 7-3.This test duty may be used
. (See ANSI/IEEE to demonstrate the standard operating duty by
06-1979.) holding the 15 s interval between CO (Close-
1,2,and 3 demon- Open) operations. However, if the standard
strate the performance of the circuit breaker operating duty is demonstrated by another test
27
TEST PROCEDURES FOR AC HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
ss. The conditions sp
n a grounded or
al-frequency pol
oltage, usually with one terminal

grounded. However, the voltage
ANS~IIEEE
distribution among the interrupters on a multi- the interruption incorporates several relatively
not necessarily the same independent interrupting units connected in
conditions. For a circuit series, this method may be used to ind
ation only on a grounded interrupting performance of the circuit breaker.
d3 system, the voltage Similarly, if that part of each pole which
approximated for un- closes the circuit incorporates several relatively
grounded faults by applying 87% acrossthe pole independent making units in series, this method
inal and - 29% on the may be used to indicate the making capacity of
faults by applying 75% the circuit breaker.
terminal grounded. The value of unit tests depends on how closely
the maximum arcing the conditions imposed on the unit appro
-pole tests may be about 0.1 the most severe conditions which would
e corresponding three- posed on the unit as a part of a three-pole
phase test with symmetrical currents and about breaker subjected to the simulated voltage,
0.2 cycle longer with asymmetrical currents. current, and operating duty.
To simulate the reduction in recovery voltage 4.6.6.3.1 Conditions Which Make Unit
on the first pole to interrupt, after the other Testing Possible
poles have interrupted, the normal-frequency (1)Nature of the Units. When all units of the
pole-unit recovery voltage on a single-pole test circuit breaker are effectively identical in their
may be reduced t o 58% of the simulated phase- shape, dimensions, and conditions of arc extin-
to-phase voltage one cycle or more after the guishing medium (temperature, pressure, flow
e current. This permits mea- velocity, etc), tests may be made on a unit or
of the recovery voltage during the group of units under the most severe conditions
uces stress on resistors which of recovery voltage. These conditions would be
imposed on any such unit or group in a corres-
ponding test on the complete breaker with due
consideration for the effects of circuit ground-
ing and adjacent objects, pollution of insulation,
and of any distortion of voltage distribution by
the rated short-circuit current of current magnitude, recovery transient fre-
quency, or postarc conductivity.
shown in Table 2 shall be used, as applicable. It When all units are not identical, tests may be
g duties demonstrating all the made on each type of unit up to the most severe
ties associated with the assigned conditions of recovery voltage which would be
imposed on any unit of that type with due con-
ere IS apossibility that hot gases produced sideration to the effects listed in the preceding
by switching may cause a flashover between paragraph. Units may be tested in groups, pro-
poles of a completely assembled breaker by vided that each unit is subjected to its required
e exhaust gases, adequate provi- recovery voltage conditions.
included in the single-pole tests (2) Simultaneity of Operation. The mechan-
e that phase-to-phase flashover ical operation of the contacts should be such
cur in service. Such a provision might that all contacts performing the same function
temporary screen or barrier, in a pole unit touch on closing within an inter-
emiconducting, placed near the val of 4 ms and separate on opening within the
accordance with the specifications same interval. If a circuit breaker uses a supply
of the manufacturer. of arc-extinguishing medium from a source ex-
4.6.6.3 Method 111, Unit Tests. When the ternal to the units, the arc-extinguishingaction
short.circuit tests are not made by in all units of one pole should s t a r t within an
r Method I1 (Tables 1 and 2) and interval of 4 ms.
when that part of each pole which accomplishes
(3) Supply of the Arc-Extinguishing Medium.
For circuit breakers using a supply of arc-
extinguishing medium from a source
3See IEEE Std 32-1972, Terminology and Test Pro- to the units specified in (21, above, the test
cedure for Neutral Grounding Devices. should be made in such a way that neither the
29
FOR AC HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
voltage distribution.
tion among the units for

after current zero. The vali
ANSI/IEEE
etect any effect of postarc by a combination of Method I or Method I1

and Method 111, test duties may be c
t at which the comparison is made. on a complete circuit breaker or one
pole of a circuit bre
Method I or Method 11,
(a) As many of the
Table 1 or Table 2 as
made
(b) Interrupting test duties at the maxim
fraction of the required symmetrical and asym-
metrical interrupting capabilities that
made at the specified recove
are not included in (a), above
(c) A making test duty at the maximum
specified in (b), below. fraction of the required makin
can be made at the sp
this is not included in (
(d) The remaining test duty or duties speci-
fied in Table 1 or Table 2 with c
values of current but at the h
voltage or initial voltage that can be obtained
from the test plant; this may be elaborated by
Method IV.
(2) On a group consisting
series as can be tested to r
test facilities, unit tests
test duties not demonst
at the current values specified in Table 1 or
d be increased Table 2 or Method I or I1 with the recovery
e terminals of and initial voltages specified for unit tests in
4.6.6.3.4.
highly stressed unit in When the full values of currents 1
e circuit breaker. Tables 1 and 2 are not obtaine
covery and initial voltages specified for unit
tests in 4.6.6.3.4,then Method IV may be
utilized to elaborate the results on a single unit.
Tests made in accordance with Method I11 do
not evaluate the possibility that hot gases pro-
duced by interruption can cause a flashover
through a path other than a normal arc
Knowledge of the characteristics of a p
breaker design may permit demonstrati
ould be not less than the highest volt- adequacy in this respect by special test arrange-
ed across the corresponding number ments, but it is impractical to prescribe tests
that will be valid for any design of breaker and
stribution among the units. that are within the limitations of available test
facilities.
4.6.6.4 Method IV, Two-
circuit breaker, additional making part tests can often be use
be made with an increased initial interrupting performance o
that has an interrupting ti
with the voltage of the circuit that is opening
and shows no appreciable tendency to increase
(1)To establish the rating of a circuit breaker with current interrupted. They usually
31
c HI43
must then *
represents a test in which the same voltage
32
ANSI/IEEE
causes the current to flow and provides the 4.8 Rated Standard Operating Duty (Standard
recovery voltage, as in Methods I and 11, de- Duty Cycle). The standard duty cycle is dem-
pends on several conditions. These are listed onstrated by Test Duties 4, 5, 6-1,or 7-1,or as
below and must be considered in planning and described in Note (7)of Table 1 or Table 2.
evaluating a synthetic test. Because it may be difficult to obtain specified
(1)The arc voltage should be relatively low values of making current, asymmetry, and in-
and should cause little distortion of the current terrupting current in the same operation and
wave. It is larger with respect to the voltage of because it is desirable to demonstrate open
the current source than it is with respect to the operations as well as close-open operations, it
voltage of the circuit being represented. Conse- is suggested that the listed alternate operating
quently, the arc voltage has a greater effect in duties be used in some test duties.
reducing the magnitude and shortening the
duration of those' loops of current during which 4.9 Rated Interrupting Time. The interrupting
arcing takes place. If distortion is appreciable, time of a circuit breaker is demonstrated for
the interrupted current assigned to the test many different current and operating voltages
should be the product of the value measured in by the test duties in Tables 1 and 2. Interrupt-
the usual way at contact parting and a factor ing times of tests, when expressed in cycles,
which compensates for the distortion. shall be in cycles of the rated frequency.
(2)The transient recovery voltage should The interrupting times shall meet the require-
appear across the terminals of a pole unit in ments of the rating in 5.7 of ANSI/IEEE
the same manner as the transient recovery C37.04-1979. On single-phase tests, a small
tests made in accordance with plus tolerance is permitted because single-phase
testing at 87% of the three-phasephase-to-phase
voltage is not exactly the equivalent of a three-
(a) It should appear at the instant of arc
extinction. phase test. Because the current zeros occur less
frequently than in a three-phase test and the
(b) The circuit transient recovery voltage
should increase at least as rapidly and to at
87% of voltage is impressed only on the first
pole to interrupt and only until the other two
least as high a value as the circuit transient re-
poles interrupt, the arcing time obtained on
covery voltage being simulated.
single-pole tests may exceed the arcing time
(c) The parameters of the high-voltage obtained on the three-phase test. During a
sources should be such that the effect of postarc three-phase test with symmetrical currents,
conductivity on the transient recovery voltage after the contact gap or time has been reached
is no greater than that in the circuit being simu- at which the arc will be extinguished, a current
lated; or failing this, the characteristics of the zero will occur in one of the phases within 60
transient recovery voltage should be judged on degrees. The arc in this phase will be extin-
the basis of the actual voltage appearing across guished and the arcs in the other two phases
the breaker contacts instead of the circuit tran- will be extinguished 90 degrees later, a total of
sient recovery voltage. not over 150 degrees after the time at which
(3) The arcing time should be controlled so arc extinction is certain to occur. During a
that it covers the range of arcing time which single-phase test made in accordance with
will occur when the breaker actually interrupts 4.6.5.11,the next current zero may occur 180
the power being simulated. degrees later. Consequently, on a single-phase
4.6.7 Suggested Short-circuit Performance test with symmetrical currents, the maximum
Data Form. Test data is preferably presented in arcing time may be about 0.1 cycles longer
a form with an accompanying tabulation of than can be obtained on the three-phase test
pertinent data similar to that shown in Table 3. being simulated.
On three-phase asymmetrical tests, the six
4.7 Rated Transient Recovery Voltage. The current zeros do not occur at 60 degree inter-
ability to withstand rated transient recovery vals; on single-phase tests, the six current zeros
voltages, as specified in Tables 1,2, 3, 4,and 5 may be nearly one cycle apart. In demonstrat-
of ANSI C37.06-1979 for rated symmetrical ing the most severe conditions by an asym-
current, is demonstrated during the short- metrical single-phase test, the arcing time may
circuit switching tests (see Tables 1and 2). be about 0.2 cycles longer than can be obtained
33
ANSI/IEEE
C37.09-1979 I
, TEST PROCEDURES FOR AC HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
E
i
+0
fa
mf
E
3A &%
ek
f
6
T
Q
8a
CE
O ! l 3 -
34
ANW/IEEE
Table 3
Su@& Short.Cirdt Performance Data Form
Date
References
Interrupters
ANSI/IEEE C37.100-1972
ANSYIEEE C37.04-1979,5.1
ANSIDEEE C37.04-1979,5.2
EE C37.04-1979,5.3
EE C37.04-1979,5.
ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979,5.
ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979.5.
operating pressure ANSI/IEEE C37.04-I979,5.
ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979,5.9
ANSI/IEEE C37.0
ANSI/IEEE C37.0
ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979 2.2
capability on C-Ysc-0 test duty ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979,5.10.2.5

Amperes
Time
Short-time current-carryingcapability on C Y sec-0 test duty ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979,5.10.2.4
r range or for specific circuits ANSI/IEEE C37.09-1979,4.6.5

e various circuits ANSI/IEEE C37.100-1972
st being simulated by a 11. The tripping delay for other test duties is
preferably about 0.5 cycles to simulate tripping
with high-speed relays. (See 4.6.6 for greater
detail.)
terruption immedi- 4.11 Rated Reclosing Time. The ing
hereafter is demonstrated by Test Duty time is demonstrated by Test D 10
35
ANSI/IBEE
C37.09-Ig79 TEST PROCEDURAESFOR AC HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
of Tables 1 and 2. Reclosing times of tests, . that current is not demonstrated by other re-
when expressed in cycles, shall be @ cycles of -q,uired demonstration of the interrup
the rated frequency. tion of oad currents with leading power
factors or with lagging power factors greater
4.12 Load Current Switching Tests. Load cur- than 0.8 is not required because these currents
rent switching tests are made to determine the are considered easier to interrupt.
ability of a breaker to switch all currents under When resistance is added to control power
other than short-circuit conditions. factor, it shall be connected in series with the
Load current switching tests shall be made reactor.
under the following conditions. Breakers designed to meet this standard are
(1)If three-phase tests are made, they shall ble of perfohning the load-
be made with normal-frequency initial and s shown in Column 4 of
recovery voltages at least equal to the rated 7.06-1979 in a circuit hav-
maximum voltage of the breaker. If single-phase ing a power factor of 0.8 lagging to 0.8 leading.
tests are made, they shall be made with normal- They are also expected to be able to close
frequency initial and recovery voltages at least circuits having making currents 600% of rated
equal to 87% of the imum voltage, continuous current for the number of times
except in the case of ers intended for shown in Column 6 of Table 9 of ANSIC37.06-
grounded neutral service or where other- 1979.
wise specified. Design tests to demonstrate these capabilities
(2) If three-phase tests are made, either the are not specified because if a circuit breaker
neutral of the switched circuit or of the supply has successfully met the service capability re-
shall be ungrounded except in the case of break- quirements for short-circuit conditions in
ers intended for grounded neutral service only, accordance with 4.6.3.1 or 4.6.
or where otherwise specified. assumed that it is capable of mee
(3) The normally grounded parts of the circuit switching capabilities.
breaker shall be grounded.
(4) If the interrupter or interrupters are not 4.13 Rated Capacitor Switching Current. The
symmetrical with respect to the terminals, part capacitance current switching rating of a circuit
of the tests shall be made with the source con- breaker may be demonstrated by laboratory or
nected to one side of the breaker and part with field tests. The conditions for making the labora-
the source connected to the other. tory tests with static capacitors are described
( 5 ) Tests shall be made with the breaker con- below and in Tables 4 and 5.
tacts parting at various positions on the current If field tests are made, they shall be conducted
wave to assure satisfactory operation under all in accordance with the applicable portions of
switching conditions within its rating. Steps of the procedure outlined for laboratory tests in-
30 degrees will usual1y"'be small enough far sofar as practicable for the rating or capability
testing. (See 4.6.5.11.) being demonstrated.
(6) The tests shall be made at rated frequency Design tests may be conducted at values in
with a tolerance of ? 20%. excess of rating. However, in conformance tests,
4.12.1 Required Load Current Switching field tests, or in service, the circuit breaker is not
Capability. Tests are made to determine the required to have the capability of passing tests
ability of the breaker to tch load currents or perforhning at values that exceed the appli-
such as may be encounte normal service. cable ratings or related required capabilities.
All types of breakers shall interrupt currents 4.13.1 Demonstration of Conformance with
up to rated continuous current with a normal- Rated Transient Overvoltage Factor
frequency line-to-line recovery voltage not less 4.13.1.1 Method of Demonstration by
than rated maximum voltage. Three opening Measurement of Overvoltages. The ability of a
tests with randomctripping time with respect to circuit *breakerdesign to meet its rated transient
the current wave shall be made with a power overvoltage factor shall be demonstrated by
factor of 0.8 lagging or less. Tests are to be required series of capacitance cur-
made at rated continuous current and at any ing tests on an essentially lossless
current below rated continuous at which circuit (no resistance intentionally added). The
the breaker eghibits a maximu g time if peak transient overvoltage for each test shall be
36
ANSIIIEEE
Table 4
Three-Pole Capacitance Current Switching Tests
1A Isolated
capacitor bank or 2
V-
cable switching 1+ A 30 24 0 Rated (6)
1B Isolated capacitor
bank or cable 2
V-
switching 1+ A 100 (4) 24 C-0 Rated (5)
2A Back-to-back
capacitor bank 2
V-
or cable switching 1+ A 30 24 0 Rated
2B Back-to-back
capacitor bank or 2
cable switching
V- 1+ A 100 ( 2 , 4 , 1 0 ) 24 C - 0 Rated (5) (6)
3A Open wire line
charging current 2
V-
switching 1+ A 30 (10) 24 0-C (9) Rated (7)
2
V- 1+ A
100 (4,lO) 24 C-0 Rated (5) (7)
*Numbers in parentheses correspond t o those in the explanatory NOTES below.
NOTES
V = Rated maximum voltage (see 5.1 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979).
A = Voltage regulation factor (see 4.13.4.1).
(1) Test circuit voltage with test breaker open but with bus capacitor bank connected for ba
Test Duty 2 (see 4.13.4.1).
(2) Rated transient inrush current o n closing.
(3) Type of operations:
At 30% of ratings: Open (see Note (9) for Test Duty 3A)
(7) Grounding: source neutral grounded; neutral of one-half of the capacitive load ungrounded, neutral of one-
half of the capacitive load grounded (see 4.13.8). The recovery voltage across the first phase t o interrupt should be
2.4 times & (phase).
( 8 ) The operations specified shall include the following:
(a) Two interruptions, each with contact separation at 30' intervals over the current loop. 0, 30, 60,90,120,
150' in one reference phase.
(b) Six interruptions with contact separation at the point on the current wave, plus or minus 7.5', which as
current arcing time in the first phase t o clear, not i
the point o n the current wave, plus or minus 7.5O, which as
current arcing time in the f i s t phase t o clear, not including
0 random three-phase operations.
in performance on capacitance current switching for definite
ee 5.13.4.1 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979) will be considered t o have been met if there is no
more than one operation with an overvoltage greater than the allowable limit. For general purpose circuit breakers
(see 5.13.4.2 ofANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979) the performance will be considered t o have been met if there ar
ations with overvoltages greater than the allowable limit.
(9) For breakers rated for instantaneous reclosing, these operations are to be made with a duty of Open-0 s-Close
ate the breaker's capability during high-speed reclosing when the unfaulted phases of a line
e charge. The reclosing time shall be rated reclosing time for the breaker under test (see 5.9
(10) If tests are made with lumped capacitor banks to simulate transmission lines or cables, the test cir
closing t o those obtained when closing into the surge impedance of a line or cable.
d with shunting resistors, the thermal capability of the resistors must be considered
ng the time interval between tests.
37
ANSI/IEEE
C37 .O9-1979 TEST PROCEDURES FOR AC HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
Table 5
Single-Pole Capacitance Current Switching Tests
~ ~~~ ~
Percent of Rated Number and Type

Test Duty Test Voltage Capacitance Switching of Operations Interrupter Circuit
(See 4.13.1) (1, a* current (4,7911) Pressure Grounding
1A Isolated capacitor
bank or cable 2
switching
0.58 B V -
1+A1 30 24 0 Rated (8)
1B Isolated capacitor n
bank o r cable
switching
0.58 B V r+";i;. 100 (5) 24 C-0 Rated (6) (8)
2A Back-to-back
capacitor bank or
cable switching
0.58BV -2
1+ A i 30 24 0 Rated (8)
2B Back-to-back
capacitor bank o r 2
0.58 B V
cable switching 100 ( 3 , 5 , 1 0 ) 24 C-0 Rated (6) (8)
3A Open wire line
charging current
switching
0.58 BV -2
1+ A i 30 (10) 24 0-C (9) Rated (8)
3B Open wire line 0
charging current 0.58 B V
switching 1 +A1 100 ( 5 , l O ) 24 C-0 Rated (6) (8)
*Numbers in parentheses correspond to those of the explanatory NOTES below.

NOTES:
V = Rated maximum voltage (see 5.1 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979)
Al = Voltage regulation factor (see 4.13.4.2)
B = Voltage multiplying factor (see 4.13.4.2)
(1)Test c i r p i t Voltage with test breaker open but with bus bank connected for back-to-back bank tests in Test
Duty 2 (see'4.13.4.2).
(2) Voltage multiplying factor: For shunt capacitor bank switching tests, the voltage multiplying factor is:
B = 1.5 for breakers rated 72.5 kV and below
B = 1.0 for breakers rated 1 2 1 kV and above
For transmission line charging current switching tests, the voltage multiplying factor is: B = 1.2.
(3) Rated transient inrush current on closing.
(4) Type of operations:
At 30% of ratings: OPEN (see Note (9) for Test Duty 3A).
At 100% of ratings: CLOSEOPEN allow sufficient time before tripping for closing transient currents to decay.
(5) For breakers with nonsvmmetrical current -path.. reverse terminal connections for half of 100% operations
(see 4.13.9).
(6) Interrupter pressure shall be minimum for 3 operations (s"e 4.13.6).
(7 ) The operations specified shall include the following:
(a) Two interruptions, each with contact separation at 30' intervals over the current loop: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120,
150'.
(b) Six interruptions with contact separation at the point on the current wave, plus or minus 7.5O, which as
determined above resulted in the shortest capacitance current arcing time, not including reignition or restrike.
(c) Six interruptions with contact separation at thkpoint on the current wave, plus or minus 7.5", which as
determined above resulted in the longest capacitance current arcing time, not including reignition or restrike.
(d) This is cohsidered equivalent 40 50 random three-phase operations.
DGing these tests, the performance specified in performance on capacitance current switching for definite purpose
circuit breakers (see 5.13.4.1 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04- considered t o have been met if there is no more
than one operation with an overvoltage g r e a k than limit. For general purpose circuit breakers (see
5.13.4.2 of ANSI/IEEE (237.04-1979) the performan sidered t o have been met if there are no opera-
tions with overvoltages greater than the allowable limit.
The transient overvoltage factor shall be calculated by dividing Bhe peak transient voltage by the line-to-ground
crest value of the average o f t
(8) Circuit grounding: Tes
(9) For breakers rated for to be made with a duty of OPEN-0 s-CLOSE
t o demonstrate the breaker's n the unfaulted phases of a line may have a
trapped voltage charge. The time for the breaker under. test (see 5.9 of
A N S I ~ E E E~37.04-1979).
(10) If tests are made with lumped capacitor banks to simulate transmission lines or cables, the test circuit may be
modified to limit current surges on closing t o those obtained when closing into the surge impedance of a line or cable.
(11) For circuit breakers equipped with-shunting resistors, the thermal capability of <he re&tors must be considered
in determining the time interval between tests.
38
ANSI/IEEE
n the circuit breaker discon- For switching of cables and shu

and either the neutral of the banks, there shall be no more than
through the secondary arcing contacts for capa-
h test shall then be calcu- citance currents less than
peak transient voltage by
phase-to-phaseo p
circuit test voltages.
'*lo ( ode-unit arc shuntine restsrance 31 I
circuit breaker rated short-circuit current A

For switching of cable and shu
bank currents equal to or gre
value, multiple restrikes through
arcing contacts are permissible.
4.13.1.2.2 Definite Purp
Pause Method of Demon- ers
(1)For circuit breakers not equ
shunting resistors, there shall be
one restrike per operation, and that restrike
shall not be preceded by a current pause in
excess of 113 cycle.
restriking. It is of particular value in cases where (2) For circuit breakers equipped with arc
overvoltages have not been measured or where shunting resistors of essentially constant value,
the overvoltage measurement is in doubt. This restrike through the primary or secondary arc-
method may be used at the option of the man- ing contacts shall fall within the
ufacturer. The details of this method are as limitations.
follows. (a) Primary arcingcontacts (during i
4.13.1.2.1 General-Purpose Circuit Break- of the arc shunting resistors). For cap
ers currents greater than
(1)For circuit breakers not equipped with arc
shunting resistors, there shall be no multiple phase-to-phaseoperating V
restrikes. (pole-unit arc shunting resistance 51
(2) For circuit breakers equipped with arc
shunting resistors of essentially constant value, there shall be no more than one restrike through
restrikes through the primary or secondary the primary arcing contacts and
arcing contacts shall fall within the following shall not follow a current pause
that given in Fig 13.
For capacitance currents equal to or less than
this value, multiple restrikes through the pn-
mary arcing contacts are permissible.
(b) Secondary arcing contacts. For switch-
ing of unloaded open wire lines, there shall be no
more than one restrike through the secondary
arcing contacts and that restrike shall not fol-
low a current pause greater
except that if the pole unit
tance exceeds 210 8,multiple restri
gh the primary arcing contacts the secondary arcing contacts for
currents less than
dary arcing contacts. For switch-
oaded open wire lines, there shall be no phase-to-phaseoperating V
0'44 (pole-unit arc shunting resistance
~-
~
SL
circuit breaker rated short-circuit current A
ce exceeds 110 S2, multiple
the secondary arcing contacts and that restrike shall not follow a current pause
greater than '13 cycle.
39
ANSI/IEEE
C37.09-1979 TEXT PROCEDURES FOR A@HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
determined by the system and shunt capacitor

bank currents equal ounding, the system regulation when
the capacitive load is removed, transmission
line or cable configuration or construction,
he current is interrupted at a natural
ero (that is, not chopped), or the
of interruption in the second or third
. For several typical types of capacitive
s which a circuit breaker may have to
switch, the approximate maximum peak re-
of the tybe or model as covery voltage which can appear across the
tests. (See 1.1.) contacts of the first phase to interrupt cycle
4.13.2.2 Recondit &r interruption may reach the following
During Testing. The values :
Type of Capacitive Times Emax
If this is done, ah explanatory note shall be Phase-to-Ground
included in the test report.
4.13.2.3 Condition of @kc& Bre r bank on grounded system 2
Test. Following the test operations r Unloaded cables
Test Duties 1, 2, and 3 In Tables 1 and 2, the (with individual ground
circuit breaker shall be in the conditioh specified sheaths) 2
in 5.10.3.3 of ANSI/IEEE C37. Unloaded"transmission
reignitims or restrikes occur, t line (C,= 2Co) 2.4
place in normal arc paths and shall cause no Shunt capacitor bank
damage to the circuit bre#&er interrupter or to when either bank or system,
tfie associated resistors. or both, is ungrounded :
4.13.3 Testing Conditions (1)If second and third
4.13.3.1 Power Factor. Fo phases interrupt at next 2.5
current switching tests, the powe natural current zero
testing circuit shall not exceed 0.15 leading. (2) If second and third
4.13.3.2 Frequency of Test Circuit. Tests 3
demonstrating capacitance current switching at next current zero
capabilities of circuit breakers are to be made
at the rated frequency of 60 Hz k 5%. If tests In general, the phenomena occurring in the
are made outside this frequency .range (for ex- switching of a grounded shunt capacitor bank
ample, 50 Hz), the instantaneous recovery volt- or an unloaded cable on a grounded system is
age across the current interrupting contacts of simply as would occur in three single-phase
the circuit breaker, during the first 8.33 ms, circuits. In the case of the unloaded transmis-
shall not be less than that which would occur sion line, part of the capacitance is grounded
for a 60 Hz test. and part is ungrounded, and in the ungrounded
4.13.3.3 Recovery Voltage. In the switching shunt capacitor bank all the capacitive load is
o capacitance currents, because o f t h e charge ungrounded. Through the coupling between
which is trapped on the phases, recovery voltages greater than wax
recovery voltage across the (phase) are produced across the contacts. In
tacts of the first phase to i some cases, even higher recovery voltages are
a very low value at current possible, generally resulting from wide varia-
mined by the system regulation when the capa- tions in primary arcing contactsparlingbetween
citive load is,re phases or one phase remaining connected to
fundamental the system.
which can reach a peak value These recovery voltages will be slightly lower
between 2 G a Xand 3&, (phase) at a time l/2 under field conditions due to the regulation
cycle after curreht intenuption. The actual occurring when the capacitanceis switched off.
value which the recovery voltage can attain is The system voltage regulation, or voltage
40
ANSI/IEEE
BREAKERS RATED ON A SYMMETRICALCURRENT BASIS C37.09-1979
change, when the capacitive load is switched is E, = A (E,)

equal to:
whe3.e and
Ec = closed circuit line-to-line voltage
cal three-phase short cir- Eo = open circuit line-to-linevoltage
at the point of the capa- I, = available short-circuit current
IC = rms capacitance current
ree-phase kvar determin-
en circuit voltage (same The nominal recovery voltage across the cir-
as used for kVAo) and the capaci- cuit breaker 1/2 cycle after current interruption
tance of the load will be proportional to the crest value of:
In most short-circuit test laboratories, this

e may be considerably larger
wer available kVAo than on a
en amount of capacitive load. Therefore, the proper open circuit line-to-line
this generally larger voltage test voltage Eo, to result in a recovery voltage
ratory capacitance current proportional to rated maximum voltage V in a
the variation in recovery system where A is very close to 1.0, may be de-
depending on the type of termined by :
capacitive load and grounding, factors are speci-
fied in 4.13.4 which define test voltages for
three-phase and single-phase laboratory tests.
these factors, the recovery voltages
circuit breaker contacts '/2 cycle
after interruption will be equivalent to those
4.13.4.2 Test Voltage, Single-phase Tests.

By proper choice of test vo
tance current switching rating recovery voltages equivalent
r, the capacitive load shall be ring in three-phase tests, single-phasetests may
be made to demonstrate the capacitance cur-
rent switching ratings of circuit breakers. Be-
cause of the phenomena occurring
phase capacitance current swi
described in 4.13.3.3, a facto
the source may be sidered in choosing open c
E,, for single-phase tests, in
factor A described in 4.13.4.1.
For grounded shunt capacitor bank or cable
maxunum voltage charging current switching tests on a three-
negligible voltage change when phase basis, B = 1.
For ungrounded shunt capacitor bank
switching tests on
For overhead li
e laboratory circuit. tests on a three-phase basis (Cl =
Therefore, the open circuit
as follows: test voltage for single-phasetests is:
41
ANSI/IEEE
C37.09-1979 TEST PROCEDUREBFOR AC HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
to the capacitive load shall be reversed far half

0.58V (i5
2 ;i)
B of the 100%capacitance current switching teds
E*, = listed in Tables 4 and 5.
4.13.10 Obtaining the Most Severe Switc
where Conditions. In capacitance current switching
operations where the voltage regulation is small
when the capacitance current is interrupted
(that is, A is very close to 1.0 as would generally
and prevail on a system), the current is usually inter-
mpted at the first or second current zero after
I, and I, = single-phase values of available
contact separation. In circuit breakers tfiat have
short-circuit current and capaci- a contact gap or arc path that, increases in a
tance current
generally line? relation to time, for example,
NOTE: The methods described in 4.13.4.1 and 4.13.4.2 oil circuit breakers, the recovery voltage stress
for the determination of laboratory test voltage are will be imposed on a relatively short contact
approximate because of the dependence of the prospee
tive short-circuit current and, therefore, A, on the open gap. In a test laboratory where the voltage
circuit voltage. These methods, however, can be used change at current interruption is larger, the
to define conditions for reasonable test recovery volt- final interruption may be delayed, allowing a
ages, particularly where laboratory short-circuit current
is not large. lafger contact *gapat the time of the maximum
recovery voltage than would occur on a system.
In testing, it is desirable to duplicate system
4.13.5 Control Voltage and Mechanism Oper- conditions in this respect as closely as possible.
ating Pressure. Rated values of control voltage One method of increasing the probability of
and mechanism operating pressure shall be main- interruption at the first or second current zero
tained for the closing and tripping circuits. after contact separation is by the addition of a
4.13.6 Interrupter Pressure. Circuit breakers small amount of capacitance to the source side
which depend on external energy or pressure to of the test circuit breaker to reduce the natural
drive an interrupting gas or fluid and which frequency, and thereby the rate-of-change of
have a minimum permissible pressure specified, the voltage regulation occurring at interruption.
shall be capable of performing at minimum per- Another method is the use of series capacitance
missible pressure as specified in Tables 4 and 5. to increase the apparent short circuit kVA of
4.13.7 Contact Speeds During Single-Poleand the source.
Unit Interrupter Tests. During single-pole and
unit interrupter tests, the closing and opening 4.13.11 Methods of Demonstllhting Capaci-
speeds of the contacts through the arcing zone tance Switching Rating. Tests which demon-
shall be no greater than during a corresponding strate the capacitance current switching rating
test on a complete circuit breaker. of a circuit breaker may be made three-phase
on tlie Circuit Breaker and or single-phase. Three-phase tests are listed in
ormally grounded parts of Table 4 and single-phase tests are listed in
the circuit breaker shall be grounded. Table 5. Other methods of testing may be used
During three-phase tests, the neutral of the to demonstrate capacitance current switching
source circuit may be grqyded. rating if laboratory limitations in kVA or kvar
The neutral of the capacitive load shall be capacity prevent complete tests by the methods
grounded or ungrounded as specified in 5.13.8 in Table 4 or 5. These methods include Unit
of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1 Interrupter Tests, Field Tests, and Synthetic
type of capacitance cu Tests and, if used, should follow insofar as pos-
being made. sible the outline of tests in Table 4 and Table 5
During single-phase tes to provide equivalent test results.
In Table 4 and Table 5, Test Duty 1demon-
ade on a circuit strates the performance of the circuit breaker
breaker with the ing the current associated with its isolated
and isolated shunt capacitor bank switch-
onnections. On cir- ing rating. Test Duty 2 demonstrates the per-
formance of the circuit breaker switching the
current associated with its back-to-back cable
42
ANSIlIEEE
and back-to-back shunt capacitor bank switching unit interrupter tests. When capacitance
ing rating. Test Duty 3 demonstrates the per- current switching tests are made on a unit
formance of the circuit breaker switching the interrupter or on a portion of the total inter-
current associated with its transmission line rupting structure of a circuit breaker pole, the
charging current switching rating. In each tabIe program of Table 5 shall be followed. The test
the test voltage for all tests is based on obtain- voltage for such tests should be determined as
ing a recovery voltage across the circuit breaker given in Table 5 for the portion of the total
equivalent to service application at rated maxi- voltage represented by the number of inter-
mum voltage. In each of the test duties, tests rupter units or breaks tested.
are made at 30% and 100% of the respective 4.13.11.4 Synthetic Tests. Tests to demon-
capacitance current switching ratings. strate the ability of a circuit breaker to switch
If tests are made with lumped capacitor banks capacitance currents may be made where the
to simulate transmission lines or cables, the test recovery voltage across the circuit breaker and
circuit may be modified to limit current surges the current through the circuit breaker are s u p
on closing to those obtained when closing into plied fiom different parts of the same circuit.
the surge impedance of a transmission line or This is usually referred to as a synthetic circuit.
cable. With such a circuit it is generally possible to
4.13.11.1 Three-Pole Tests. A program to simulate a given kvar switching operation with
he capacitance current switching a significantly smaller actual capacitive load.
uit breaker by a series of three- The adequacy of a test by synthetic methods
tests on a three-pole circuit breaker is depends, among other things, on the relative
timing and shape of the recovery voltage with
cuit breakers are required respect t o the interruption of the current
ungrounded capacitance through the test circuit breaker.
ctory completion of the prescribed If a restrike or reignition should occur in a
tests on three-phase ungrounded capacitor capacitance current interruption, the voltage
banks will completely demonstrate this per- changes or oscillations in the circuit are primary
formance. If three-phase performance has been factors in determining whether subsequent
demonstrated, tests will not also be required to restrikes or reignitions may take place. For this
demonstrate conformance on the single-phase reason, synthetic capacitance current switching
simulation at 87% of phase-to-phase voltage, tests are generally usable only to determine if a
As measurement of the transient overvoltage circuit breaker will or will not have restrikes.
between the disconnected terminal and neutral etic tests are usually con-
may prove to be difficult whe
three-phase ungrounded capacit
sient overvoltage measurement from discon-
nected terminal to ground will be accepted as e with other
an alternate measurement method.
4.13.11.2 Single-Pole Tests. A program to
the capacitance current switching
rating of a circuit breaker by a series of single
phase tests on a single-pole of a three-pole cir- ability of a circuit breaker, see 4.6.6.6.
cuit breaker is shown in Table 5. .12 Test Data Reporting. A report of the
4.13.11.3 Unit Interrupter Tests. In some of capacitance current switching tests
cases it may be necessary or desirable to make reaker should incl
capacitance current switching tests on a unit the tests:
interrupter or on a portion of the total inter-
rupting structure of a single pole of a circuit
breaker, where such total interrupting structure (1)Circuit breaker and test identification
is composed of a number of interrupting units Circuit breaker identification
or breaks whkh operate in a relatively inde- The value of pole unit or interrupter shunt-
pendent manner in capacitance current switching resistance (other than resistance nonn-
ing operations. See 4.6.6.3.1for a discussion of ally applied only for interrupte
conditions which should be considered in mak- grading)
43
ANSI/IEEE
637.09-1999 TEST PROCEDURES FOR AC HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
Method of test a circuit breaker design to perform within the

Three-pole limit of its rated line closing switching surge
Single-pole factor recognizes the fact that actual transrnis-
Unit interrupter sion system test facilities of the type required
to demonstrate this rating are often unobtain-
Test duty able. The simulated study is accepted as the
Isolated shunt capacitor bank or cable next best means of demonstration. Conform-
Back-to-back shunt capacitor bank or cable ance tests may be conducted by the purchaser
Open wire line charging on an operating system to demonstrate that a
circuit breaker meets the requirements of its
(2) Test results rated line closing switching surge factor. Such
Capacitance current switched conformance tests are described in 6.3. Rated
Test circuit voltage factors are found in Table 8 of ANSI C37.06-
Open circuit 1979.
Closed circuit 4.14.1 Standard Reference Power System.
The standard reference power system consists
Interrupting time, through primary arcing of a standard reference power source and a
contacts standard reference transmission line.
Interrupting time, through secondary arcing
contacts 4.14.1.1 Standard Reference Power Source.
Number of tests The standard reference power source is a three-
Number of tests with restrikes and whether phase Y-connected voltage source with neutral
single or multiple grounded and with each of the three-phasevolt-
Time from interruption of the normal fre- ages in series with an inductive reactance which
quency load current to the first restrike represents the short-circuit capability of the
Transient overvoltage factor source. The maximum source voltage, line-to-
Inrush current characteristics in back-to- line, is the rated maximum voltage of the cir-
back shunt capacitor bank switching tests cuit breaker, The series inductive reactance is
Inherent peak inrush current that which produces the rated short-circuit
Natural frequency current of the circuit breaker, both three-phase
Maintenance on test circuit breaker for and single-phase at rated maximum voltage,
each duty (see 4.13.2.2) with the short circuit applied to the circuit
breaker terminals (XI = X,= X,,).
4.14 Rated Line Closing SwitchingSurge Factor. 4.14.1.2 Standard Reference Transmission
The ability of a circuit breaker design to meet Line. The standard reference transmission line
its line closing switching surge factor rating is a perfectly transposed three-phase transmis-
may be demonstrated by conducting a series of sion line with balanced parameters as listed in
tests on a simulated standard reference power Table 8 of ANSI C37.06-1979. These values
system consisting of a simulated standard ref- have been selected to make the lines typical of
erence power source, a simulated circuit breaker, anticipated service conditions.
and a simulated standard reference transmission 4.14.2 Standard Conditions of Simulation
line. The system simulation is by mathematical 4.14.2.1 Simulation of Power Source. The
or physical means and the study is conducted standard reference power source shall be simu-
with a digital computer, an electronic differen- lated on a three-phase basis.
tial analyzer (mathematical analog), a transient 4.14.2.2 Simulation of Transmission Line.
network analyzer (physical analog), or by The standard reference transmission line shall
accepted similar methods. be simulated on a three-phase basis.
The circuit breaker characteristics, which 4.14.2.3 Simulation of Circuit Breakers.
affect the line closing switching surge maximum The circuit breaker shall be simulated on a
voltage, shall be used to perform the simulated three-phase basis. The method used to simulate
study. These characteristics shall be verified by the circuit breaker shall include such pertinent
the manufacturer by means of electrical and design features as the value of closing resistor,
mechanical tests on a circuit breaker representa- insertion time of closing resistors, statistical
tive of this same type, style, or model. spread of closing times of the three poles, and
This method of demonstrating the ability of such other features as are required to simulate
44
ANSI/IEEE
the means used by the manufacturer to control These tests are outlined in Table 6 and are
the line closing switching surge voltages. The described in the following sections.
statistical spread of the closing times shall in- The test requirements demonstrate out-of-
clude the effects of electrical prestrike as well phase switching capability for the majority of
as differences in the mechanical closing times out-of-phase switching conditions. However,
of the three poles. the tests do not ensure capability under all
4.14.2.4 Simulation of Trapped Charge on conditions when interruption occurs at full
the Transmission Line. For the standard condi- phase opposition of 180'. Even on an effectively
tions of simulation, trapped charges are assumed grounded system, the first two phases to clear
to be present from a previous line dropping may experience an overvoltage of 2.5 times the
operation performed by a circuit breaker with- normal phase-to-ground voltage (instead of 2.0
out opening resistors and with each phase extin- times) until the last phase clears. Attention is
guishing current at successive current zeros, called to suggested preventive measures de-
Trapped charge can be placed on the simulated scribed in ANSI/IEEE C37.010-1979.
line by simulating random time tripping of an 4.15.1 General. Tests shall be made to deter-
idealized circuit breaker. mine the ability of a circuit breaker to make
It is not intended that this standard prevent and interrupt currents during out-of-phase con-
development of classes of circuit breakers with ditions.
opening resistors, or other means, to substan- The tests may be made single-phase if the
tially reduce trapped charges. For such break- conditions for tests on single-pole units in ac-
ers, dual line closing switching surge factor cordance with 4.6.5.7 are fulfilled. If these
ratings (with and without such means) could conditions are not fulfilled, three-phase tests
be assigned. should be made. Unit tests may
If shunt reactors are used in practice where vided the conditions of 4.6.6.3 a
they are not included in the standard line, or if The out-of-phase switching current capacity
reactors of substantially different values than performance in a test shall be stated in terms of
in the standard line are used in practice, it may the following:
be necessary to make a special study in the (1)The value of the out-of-phase switching
application of these circuit breakers. current
(2) The value of the out-of-phase recovery
4.14.3 Method of Conducting Tests on the
voltage
Simulated System to Establish the Rated Line
(3) The value of the peak, time to crest, and
Closing Switching Surge Factor. At least 50
wave shape of the transient recovery voltage
three-phase tests shall be made of the simulated
system with no more than one line closing 4.1 5.2 Conditions of Seventy for Out-of-Phase
switching surge factor per 50 tests exceeding Switching Current Tests. The out-of-phase
the rated value. If the rated value is exceeded switching current tests shall be carried out
more than once during the first set of 50 tests, under the conditions of severity specified in
additional sets of 50 tests each may be per- 4.15.3 through 4.15.10.
formed until the ratio of the number of times 4.15.3 Arrangement of Circuit Breaker for
the rated value is exceeded, to the total number Tests. The circuit breaker subjected to out-of-
of tests, decreases to 2%. If this ratio does not phase switching current tests shall be a complete
drop to 2% with continued tests, the circuit assembly with its own operating mechanism
breaker design will be considered to have failed and shall truly represent its own type in all
to meet its line closing switching surge factor details of construction and operation as re-
rating. The closing of the three poles with rela- corded in certified drawings or specifications,
tion to the phase of the applied voltage shall be or both.
at random within the specified allowance for Circuit breaker operating mechanisms shall
the statistical spread of closing time. be operated at the specified minimum control
voltage or the specified minimum operating
4.15 Oubof-Phase Switching Current Tests. The pressure, or both.
tests specified in this section are made only if The air or gas pressure in air or gas-blast cir-
an out-of-phase switching current rating has cuit breakers shdl be the minimum operating
been assigned to the circuit breaker by the pressure for the rated (short-circuit) interrupt-
manufacturer. ing capacity.
45
ANSI/IEEE
C37.09-1979 TEST PROCEDURES FOR AC HGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
Table 6
Test Duties to Demonstrate the Assigned Ouhf-Phse fhvitching Rating of
ac High-Voltage Circuit Breidsem (Tesihg a Single Pole of a
ThreePole Breaker on a Single-Phase Circuit)
Voltages E
F e e (1)1 Transient Recovery
Normal Voltage current Interrupted
Frequency (I- cos)wave shape] at Contact Separation
Initial and
Test Duty Operating Recovery Timeto Magnitude
[ S e (5) Duty (See 4.6) Crest I* 11)1
and(6)]* [See(4)] Phases V, rrns) Crest Voltage [See(2)j (A, rms) % Asymmetry
1 two open 1 1.16 V 2.04 V 2T2 0.05 I to 0.10 Z random

one open and
one close-open
2 m e (711 1 1.16 V 2.04 V 2% 0.25 I i* (311
close-open
2a m e (711 1 0.87 V 1.53 V 2 Ti 0.25 Z [se(311
*Numbers in parentheses correspond to those of the explanatory NOTES below.
NOTES:
(1)Vis the rated maximum voltage (see 5.1 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979). Z is the rated short-circuit current (rated
out-of-phase switching current = 0.25 I).
(2) The time t o crest Tz is 1 NSI C37.06-1979, Tables 2 , 3 , 4 , or 5 for the circuit breaker under test.
(3) The value of the dc CO shall be not more than 20% for one test and not less than 50% for the other
test. (This is expressed as a percent of the crest value of the ac component and does not apply t o 5 and 8 cycle
breakers.) Selection of open or close-open duty for the two conditions is left to the discretion of the manufacturer.
(4) The instant of contact separation shall be chosen so as t o produce the most severe switching conditions as deter-
mined by design tests. See 4.6.5.11.
(5) No reconditioning of the circuit breaker is permissible in the course of the four tests. However, where addi-
tional tests become necessary, reconditioning of the circuit breaker in accordance with 4.1 5.5 is permitted and only
a repeat of the particular test duty is then required.
(6) Circuit breakers equipped with opening resistors should receive special attention, and the tests should demon-
strate that resistor current will be interrupted within 8 cycles for 2 and 3 cycle breakers, and proportionally longer
for 5 and 8 cycle breakers t o avoid resistor damage. If the user has an unusual application where the system may pro-
duce less than 5% of the circuit-breaker short-circuit current rating, he should consult the manufacturer for appro-
priate lower symmetrical tests t o produce the most unfavorable conditions.
(7) Test Duty 2a may be substituted for the close-open portion of the Test Duty 2 for those breakers that may
have thermal or voltage limitations o n resistors used for line closing switching surge control. (Subject t o agreement
between user and manufacturer.)
If single-phase or unit tests without emitting oil except for minimum quan-
the test piece shall be equ ent to, or not in a tities through vent openings.
orable condition than, the complete (2) Oilless circuit breakers, including com-
e circuit breaker with respect to the pressed-air circuit breakers or air-blast circuit
following: breakers and magnetic air circuit breakers, shall
(1)Speed of closing and opening perform at or within their respective ratings
(2) Arc-extinguishing medium without emitting injurious flame.
(3) Power and strength of operating mecha- 4.15.5 Condition of Circuit Breaker After
nism Tests. After performing the test >specifiedin
(4)Rigidity of the structure 4.15.9, the mechanical parts, insulators, opening
4.15.4 Behavior of Circuit Breaker During resistors, closing resistors, and interrupters of
Tests. When performing any test duty up to its the circuit breaker shall be substantially in the
assigned out-of-phase switching current rating, same mechanical condition as before the tests.
the behavior of the circuit breaker shall comply The circuit breaker shall be capable of with-
with the following conditions. standing rated maximum voltage in the open
(1)An oil circuit breaker shall perform at or position and of carrying rated continuous cur-
within its rating without emitting flame and rent without injurious heating at any operating
46
ANSI/IEEE
BREAKERS RATED ON A SYMMETRICAL CURRENT BASIS C37.W-1979
voltage up to rated maximum voltage. The cir- this context, effectively grounded refers to system
cuit breaker shall be capable of a close-open neutrals on both sides of the circuit breaker under
consideration.
operation at its required interrupting capabil-
ities and at its operating voltage after an interval 4.15.7 Test Frequency. Tests shall be carried
of at least 1h, but the interrupting time may out at the rated frequency +20%.
be exceeded by as much as 1cycle. 4.15.8 Test Circuit
The circuit breaker may be inspected between (1)The power factor of the test circuit shall
breaker may be restored not exceed 0.15 lagging.
(2)For single-phase tests, the test circuit shall
subject to the circumstan be arranged so that approximately one-half of
as follows: the applied voltage and of the recovery voltage
(1)Repair or replacement of any expendable is on each side of the circuit breaker (see Fig 3).
parts of the breaker If it is not feasible to use this circuit in the
(2) Renewal or reconditioning of the oil or of testing station, it is permissible to use either of
any other extinguishing medium, and addition the circuits shown in Figs 4 and 5 at the option
of any quantity of the medium necessary to of the manufacturer.
restore its normal level (1)Two identical voltages separated in phase
(3)Removal bf deposits from the insulators by 120' instead of 180' may be used, provided
caused by decomposition of the extinguishing the total voltage across the circuit breaker is as
medium stated in 4.15.6 (see Fig 4).
4.15.6 Test Voltage. For single-phase tests (2)Tests with one terminal of the circuit
called for in Test s 1 and 2 of Table 1, breaker grounded may be used (see Fig 5).
both the applied v E (as shown in Figs 1 4.15.9 Test Duties. The Test Duties to be
through 3) and the normal frequency recovery made are shown in Table 6. A minimum of one
test voltage shall be equal, as nearly as possible, sequence of Test Duty 1 and one sequence of
to 2.0 times the rated maximum voltage V Test Duty 2 is sufficient to demonstrate the
divided by fi (for effectively grounded neu- oubof-phase switching capability of the breaker,
tral, see th wing note). The inherent TRV provided the conditions of Note (4) of Table 6
(transient ry voltage) of the test circuit have been established.
shall have a 1 - cos wave shape 4.15.10 Test Report. The test report shall
value of 1.25 times the value of th contain the data necessary to prove that the
normal frequency recovery voltage and a time circuit breaker complies with this standard.
to crest no greater than 2 times the time T2as Suggested oscillographic and other records
listed in Tables 2, 3, 4,or 5 of ANSI C37.06- include :
1979 for the circuit breaker under test. (See (1)Switching current in each phase
the Notes to Table 6.) (2) Voltage across each phase
For the alternate single-phase close-ope (3)Instant of energizing trip coil
called for in Test Duty 2a of Table 6,the applied (4)Travel of moving contacts, if practicable
voltage shall, as nearly as possible, be equal to (5)Current in closing coil
1.5 times the rated maximum voltage V div (6) Timing wave
by 6. This corresponds ap (7) Gas pressure before test
limiting the out-of-phase clo (8) Voltage of the supply circuit
(9)Interrupting time
(10) Resistor current in each phase (when
applicable)
NOTE: Any deviation from

stated in the test report.
4.16 Rated Shunt Reactor Current Switching.

See 5.16 of ANSI/IEE
4.17 Rated Excitation t Switching. See
neutral when referring to this standard. Note that in 5.17 of ANSI/IEEE C3
47
ANSI/IEEE
C37.09-1979 TEST PROCEDURES FOR AC MIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
+El-- 4.18 Mechanical Life. No-load mechanical oper-

ation tests are made on a complete power circuit
breaker to ensure its satisfactory operation in
normal service without excessive maintenance.
All mechanical operation tests shall be made at
rated control voltage or air p r ~ s s oru ~both,
~
except as noted below, without rep& or re-
placement of any major part and with the num-
* ber of operations between servicing at least

equal to the number shown in Column 2 of Table
8 of ANSI C37.06-1979. Mechanical operation
tests may be made with any interval between
Fig 3 operations which does not overheat bearings,
Dual Voltage Testing, 180' momentary-rated coils, valves, rectifiers, or
other auxiliary devices. A mechanical operation
test shall consist of a number of close opera-
tions followed by opening operations shown in
Column 3 of Table 8 of ANSI C37.06-
To demonstrate that an outdoor breaker can
th an ambient of -3OoC, a few of
X
should be made on it after the
breaker has come to a stead
that ambient. However, if te
not permit this demonstratio
e performance of important compo-
the breaker may be demonstrated in
this ambient temperature.
During these tests, the electrical operating
Fig 4 mechanism and its appurtenances shall make
Dual Voltage Testing, 120' 20 successive closing-opening operations at 20 s
intervals and 100% of normal control voltage
without overheating to a point which would in-
jure the coil insulation or change the resistance
characteristics sufficiently to adversely affect
the circuit breaker performance. For stored
energy mechanisms, the operations shall be
performed at 30 s intervals as long as available
energy permits and then at the rate inherent in
the storage system until 20 operations have
been completed.
During these. tests, a few operations shall be
made at both the upper and lower limits (see
of ANSI C37.06-1979) of the range
ed control voltage.
During these tests, it shall be demonstrated
that the transient voltage produced in the con-
trol circuit associated with the circuit breaker
NOTE: The squares in Figs 3, 7, and 5 (m)
represent itself does not exceed 1500 V crest when the
combinations of capacitances and resistances. control circuit is interrupted.
To verify that the circuit breaker is in a con-
dition meeting the requirements specified in
Fig 5 5.10.3.3.2 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04-1979, after
Single Voltage Testing with completion of the no-load mechanical opera-
One Side Grounded tions test, the breaker shall be inspected visually
48
ANSI/IEEE
and the travel records taken before and after withstand and the 0.2 g (static) earthquake
the tests shall be substantiallythe same. shock withstand, whichever is the more severe
duty; rated requirements for line pull factors
4.19 Rated Control Voltage Current (Nominal will be available in a future ANSI/IEEE stan-
Control Voltage). Operation at rated control dard.
d at the minimum voltage correspond-
, is demonstrated during mechanical
operation tests (see 4.18)and the short-circuit
switching tests (see Tables 1 and 2).
5. Production Tests
4.20 Rated Fluid Operating Pressure. Operation
at rated fluid operating pressure and over its
range is demonstrated during the mechanical
operation tests (see 4.18)and during the short- 5.1 Types of Tests. Production tests are nor-
circuit switching tests (see Tables 1 and 2). mally made by the manufacturer at the factory
as part of the process of producing the circuit
4.21 Design Tests on Porcelain Components. A breaker. If the breaker is completely assembled
representative of each design of porcelain in- prior to shipment, some of the production tests
sulators, porcelain housings, or porcelain tubes are made after final assembly, but other tests
having an internal or external gas pressure can often be made more effectively on com-
exceeding 1.0546 Kg/cm2g (with no limitation ponents and subassemblies during or after
on size) shall withstand for 5 min 4.25 times manufacture.
the maximum allowable working pressure after If the circuit breaker is not complete$ assem-
all glazing, firing, and grinding operations are bled at the factory prior to shipment, appro-
completed. priate tests on component parts shall be made
When the porcelain element utilizes end to check the quality of workmanship and uni-
flanges, the test pressure shall be applied on a formity of material used and to assure satis-
complete assembly, using bolted end plates and factory performance when properly assembled
loading the flanges in tension. If the porcelain at its destination. This performance may be
element does not have end flanges and is used verified by making tests after delivery (see 1.3).
in an assembly which is held together by longi- Production tests shall be made and shall in-
tudinal compression (center clamping), the end clude the following as appropriate for the type
plates shall be restrained by the test fixture and of breaker concerned:
the porcelain element loaded only in hoop (1)Current and linear coupler transformer
stress. tests (see 5.2)
In addition to the above tests when pressur- (2)Bushing tests (see 5.3)
ized porcelain elements with end flanges having (3) Gas receiver tests (see 5.4)
an internal or external gas pressure exceeding (4)Pressure tests (see 5.5)
1.0546 Kg/cm2g (with no limitation on size), (5)Nameplate check (see 5.6)
are subjected to cantilever stress in a circuit (6)Leakage tests (see 5.7)
breaker application, a representative of each (7) Resistors, heaters, and coils check tests
porcelain element, after all glazing, firing, and (see 5.8)
grinding operations are completed, shall with- (8) Control and secondary wiring check tests
stand for 5 min a total stress equivalent to the (see 5.9)
end plate loading from maximum allowable (9) Clearance and mechanical adjustment
working pressure plus three times the maxi- check tests (see 5.10)
mum rated cantilever stress. (10)Mechanical operation tests (see 5.11)
The maximum rated cantilever stress shall be (11)Timing tests (see 5.12)
based on the load on the porcelain element (12)Stored energy system tests (see 5.13)
resulting from: (13)Conductivity of current path test (see
(1)The combination of the short circuit 5.14)
forces internally of the circuit breaker plus (14)Low-frequency withstand voltage tests
rated line pull withstand and 90 mi/h wind on major insulation components (see 5.15)
velocity withstand 5) Low-frequency withstand voltage tests
(2)From the combination of rated line pull on control and secondary wiring (see 5.16)
49
ANSI/IEEE
5.2 Current and Linear Coupler Transformer Vessels, and any state and local codes which
Tests. All current transformers used in high- apply at the point of original installation!
voltage circuit breakers shall be designed in 5.4.2 Porcelain Components. All ground sur-
accordance with the ANSI/IEEE standards for of pressurized porcelain elements shall be
transformers (C57) series. Current and linear
individually dye checked after grinding to en-
coupler transformers shall receive the following sure freedom from cracks. Other methods are
tests where applicable:
permitted by agreement between user and man-
(1)Each transformer shall be checked for ufacturer.
presence of correct nameplate, terminal, and All porcelain insulators, porcelain housings,
polarity marking. or porcelain tubes having an internal or external
(2)Each transformer shall be checked elec- gas pressure exceeding 1.0546 kg/cm2g (with
to ensure proper direction of winding no limitation on size) shall individually with-
to give the correct polarity. stand for 5 min a pressure equal to three times
(3)Each transformer shall be given sufficient We maximum allowable working pressure after
tests to ensure that the electrical and magnetic all glazing, firing, and grinding operations are
properties are within the necessary limits to completed. When the porcelain element utilizes
meet the ratio and accuracy classification re- end flanges, the test pressure shall be applied on
quirements. a complete assembly, using bolted end plates
(a) Relaying transformers and loading the flanges in tension. If the por-
or mutual reactance tests to e celain element does not have end flanges and is
ratios. Multiratio transformers are given suffi- used in an assembly which is held together by
cient ratio tests to ensure the CO longitudinal compression (center .clamping),
ing for each tap section. For bushing cur- the end plates shall be restrained by the test
transformers, two check points on the ex- fixture and the porcelain element loaded only
citation curve may be made to ensure that the in hoop stress.
unit meets its relaying accura 5.4.3 Assembled Components. If the circuit
(b) Metering tansfo breaker is not completely assembled at the
and phase angle tests at 10% and 100%rated factory prior to shipment, each major assembly
primary current at one burden to ensure that shall be tested in the factory by raising the
the unit meets its metering accuracy classifica- pressure to the maximum allowable working
tion. pressure and holding it for 5 min.
(4)After installation in circuit breaker, These assembled component tests are not
each transformer shall be n a 1 min low- required if the circuit breaker is completely
frequency withst est of 2 ~ V~between Q bled at the factory and the pressure test
the shorted sec0 inding ( i n c l u d ~leads)
g bed in 5.5 is made.
.16,In addition, each
unit will recei ty and ratio check to 5.5 Pressure Tests. This test is made on assem-
in the circuit breaker. bled circuit breakers having gas receivers, asso-
ciated valves, piping, and other auxiliary pres-
sure devices. With the apparatus completely
pressure shall be raised until the
erates and this pressure shall be
arts of the system which can be
1976. subjected to this pressure in service.
plate Check. The nameplates shall be
5.4 Gas Receiver Tests
checked for accuracy and completeness of
5.4.1 Metal Vessels. All metal vessels, except
identification and rating.
those having an internal o mal operating
gas pressure not exc
(with no limitation on size) uirements for Fiber
inside diameter not exceed 'zed Vessels, Supplement 3.14 to NEMA Stan-
limitation on pressu ublication SG 4-1975, ac High-Voltage Circuit
Breakers, was published Nov 1977. Copies are available
accordance with the A Pressure from National Electrical Manufacturers Association,
Vessel Code, Section Pressure 2101 L Street NW, Suite 300, Washington DC 20037.
50
ANSI/IEEE
BREAKERS RATED ON A SYMMETRICALCURRENT BASIS C37.09-1979
5.7 Leakage Tests cuit breaker or certain of its components to

(1)Oil circuit breaker tanks shall be given operate correctly over the entire range of con-
leakage tests to ensure against oil leakage at trol voltage specified for its rated control volt-
joints or welds. At the manufacturer's option, age in ANSI C37.06-1979,and over its entire
leakage tests may be made by any of the fol- range of operating pressure without damage to
lowing accepted methods: parts or substantial change in adjustments.
(a) Compressed air tests Following these tests, the
(b) Oil or water pressure tests be inspected visually to
(c) Penetrating liquid without pressure critical parts have sustained
(2) Systems containing gas under pressure in first-class operating condition. Nobally,
shall be placed under normal operating pressure this is accomplished without disasse
and the supply of additional gas cut-off by re- All mechanical operation tests s
moval of compressor power or by closing a valve the following:
to a common supply. The leakage must not
rease in pressure with time which (1)At minimum control voltage and maxi-
cified by the manufacturer. mum pressure:
(a) Five close operations
5.8 Resistors, , and Coils Check Tests. (b) Five open operations
All resistors and rs shall be checked either (2) At maximum control vol
by operation or resistance measurements. All mum pressure:
closing, tripping, control valve, and relay coils (a) Five close operations
shall be checked either by resistance measure- (b) Five open operations
ment or turn counters and shall be within (3)A t rated control voltage
prescribed manufacturing limits. sure:
(a) Five close-open operations with the
5.9 Control and Secondary Wiring Check Tests. shunt trip coil energized simultaneously with
Secondary wiring shall be checked to ensure the closing of the main circuit through the
that all connections are made in accordance breaker. During these tests, the control switch
with the &ring diagram. Relays and other de- is held in the close position to demonstrate
vices should be checked by actual operation, if that the breaker is electrically trip-free. See 2.2
feasible. Those circuits for which operation is of ANSI C37.11-1979,Requirements for Elec-
not feasible should be checked for continuity. trical Control for ac High-Voltage Circuit
A check shall be made for proper sequence of Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis
operation of mechanically operated auxiliary for a Total Current Basis.
switches and devices. For indoor circuit breakers rated 15.5 kV and
over and for all outdoor circuit breaker ratings,
5.10 Clearance and Mechanical Adjustment the mechanical operating tests shall also include
Check Tests. Close the breaker or independently the following:
operating unit of the breaker by means of the At rated control voltage and
maintenance operating device and check that (i) Five close operations
the engagement of the contacts, positions of (ii) Five open operations
critical members of the operating linkage and (iii) Five reclosing operations (if breaker is
important clearances, including positions of intended for reclosing service)
prescribed manufactur- Check to make certain that the
tion will be completed after mom
dependently operating of the closing control switch. Se
power and repeat the C37.11-1979.
checks in the preceding paragraph. The breaker shall also be tripped by slowly
Open the unit being tested and check that it moving the shunt trip armature man
has opened completely. direction of tripping.
Check to make certain that a
5.11 Mechanical Operation Tests. Mechanical function as intended.
operation tests are made to check the adjust- Check to make certain that ck absorb-
ments and to determine the ability of the cir- ing devices function as intende
51
ANSI/IEEE
5.12 Timing Tests. Timing tests are made t o de- The energy sored by a motor in the closing
termine the time required for breakers or com- spring or springs of a springdriven circuit
ponents to operate on open, close, close-open, breaker operating mechanism shall be replaced
and reclosing operations. by the motor within 10 s after being used dur-
Timing tests may be made by any of the fol- ing a close operation when rated control volt-
lowing methods: age is maintained at the motor terminals.
(1)An oscillograph with suitable travel indi-
cators connected to an appropriate point or 5.14 ElectricaI Resistance of Current Path Test.
points of the breaker linkage or contacts The dc resistance of the current-carrying circuit
(2) A cycle counter or interval timer to deter- from terminal to terminal of each pole unit in
mine the time interval after the energizing of the close position shall be measured with at
the closing or tripping circuit to the parting, least 100 A flowing in the circuit and shall not
closing, or reclosing of contacts exceed the limit set for the rating of the breaker
(3) A time-travel recorder to record graphic- by the manufacturer.
ally, as a function of time, the position of the 5.15 Low-Frequency Withstand Voltage Tests
part to which it is mechanically attached on Major InsuIation Components. Low-fre-
Oscillographs with travel indicators and time- quency withstand voltage tests for 1 min shall
travel recorders can produce records from be made either on completely assembled break-
which the speed of the part can be calculated. ers at the voltages and conditions specified in
These tests, when used as productiun tests, 4.5.1 or on major insulation components such
-
are a means of checking the operation of a new as bushings, insulation braces, and operating
breaker within the speed range selected during rods.
development of this type of breaker. After a
breaker has been in service, ese tests may be 5.16 Low-Frequency Withstand Voltage Tests
used to determine whether is still operating on Control and Secondary Wiring. All control
correctly. wiring associated with current and linear
. Opening times shall be obtained for all break- coupler transformer secondaries and potential
ers for which the product of times rated device secondaries shall receive a low-frequency
maximum voltage times rated short-circuit cur- withstand test of 2500 V for 1 min. See also
rent equals 900 MVA or higher. 5.2 (4). All other control wiring shall receive a
Travel-time curves shall be obtained for all low-frequency withstand test of 1500 V for
outdoor breakers with an interrupting time of 1min.
3 cycles or less. If the circuit breaker control circuit includes
5.13 Stored Energy System Tests. Power oper- a motor, the motor may be disconnected during
ating mechanisms which store the dielectric test on the control circuit and
pressed air or other gas shall subsequently tested, in place, at its specified
the following tests. dielectric withstand voltage, but at not less
(1)The pressure switches shall be set and than 900 V.
tested for operation at the correct pressures.
(2) The pressure relief valve shall open within
its selected range of pressure above normal
pressure and shall close before the low-pressure 6. Conformance Test
cut-off device operates.
(3) Starting at normal pressure and without
replenishing the gas in the reservoir, a compres- 6.1 Method of Conducting Conformance Tests
sed gas circuit breaker shall make at least two for Impulse Withstand Voltage. When impulse
close-open operations before a low-pressure voltage tests are required for conformance tests,
cut-off device operates. circuit breakers shall be capable of passing a
(4) Starting at normal 1.2 * 50 ps full wave impulse voltage test series
replenishing the gas in th with values as specified by the purchaser in
matically or pneumo-hydraulically operated accordance with the following:
circuit breaker other than gas blast shall make (1)A virtual front time, based on the rated
at least five close and five open operations b e full wave impulse voltage, equal to or greater
fore a low-pressure cut-off device operates. than 1.2 MS
52
ANSI/IEEE
(2) A crest voltage not exceeding the rated 7. Standard Methods for
full wave impulse withstand voltages Determining the Values of a
(3) A time to the 50% value of the crest volt- Sinusoidal Current Wave and a
age not exceeding 50 ps Normal-Frequency Recovery Voltage
Circuit breakers shall be in new condition
and properly adjusted.
This section describes methods for measuring
oscillogramsto determine the transient currents
6.2 Method of Conducting Conformance Tests in a short circuit and the normal-frequency
for Switching Impulse Withstand Voltage. Con- recovery voltages following the interruption of
formance tests are to be made in accordance a short circuit. These include:
with 4.5.5 with the following exceptions:
(1)The crest voltage value shall not be re- (1)The rms (root-mean-square) or effective
quired to be greater than the rated switching- value, measured from the envelope of an asym-
impulse voltage values specified. metrical sinusoidal wave at a time such as the
(2) The time to half-value on the tail of the time of the maximum crest of the time of con-
wave shall not be required to be in excess of tact parting
(2) The rms value of a short-circuit current
2500 ps.
over several cycles
(3) The rms value of a normal-frequency re-
6.3 Method of Conducting Conformance Tests covery voltage following circuit interruption
for Line Closing Switching Surge Factor on an
Operating System. A purchaser may perform a 7.1 Currents
field test with the circuit breaker on an actual 7.1.1 Significance o
operating system to determine if its Standards on ac
test performance Root-mean-square val
its rated line closing switching surge factor. The vary with the time o
circuit breaker will have passed its conformance current is integrated. For the purpose of current
test when the circuit breaker is closed on a measurements on ac high-voltage circuit break-
random time basis into trapped line charges, if ers, an rms value is used which varies with the
in 20 tests there are no overvoltage factors values of the components determined from the
greater than the rated line closing switching envelope of the current wave.
surge factor; or only one such event out of 34 When a current is specified as an r m s value at
tests; or 2 out of 48 tests; or 3 out of 62 tests. a given instant determined from the envelope
Four factors greater than the rated factor, or of the current wave, the dc CO
any factor greater than 1.2 times the rated line peak-to-peak value of the
closing switching surge factor, represents non- assumed to remain constant at the values exist-
conformance. ing at the given instant and the integration is
If the actual system is not greatly different made over a time of one cycle.
from the standard reference power system, it is When a current is specified as an rms value
expected that the field test results will not dif- over a time of several cycles, the integration
fer significantly from the results obtained from may be based on the instantaneous values of
the simulated study used to establish the rated current over this time or, more easily, the rms
line closing switching surge factor. However, if current may be determined by the method in
the circuit breaker fails to meet the above cri- 7.1.6,
terion, and if the actual power system is signifi- 7.1.2 Classification of Current Wave. Sinu-
cantly different from the standard reference soidal waves may be divided into those which
power system, the manufacturer may conduct are symmetrical about the zero axis and those
a simulated study (witnessed by the user) of which are asymmetrical with respect to the
the actual power system and thereby determine zero axis.
the line closing switching surge factor for the 7.1.3 RootcMean-Square Value of a Symmet-
circuit breaker on the actual system.This factor ricd Sinusoidal Wave at a Particular I n s h t . A
may be substituted in place ob the rated factor symmetrical sinusoidal wave has an rrns value
and serve as the basis for evaluation of the con- equal to its peak-to-peak value divided by
formance test. 2.828. To determine the rms value at a given
53
ANSI/IEEE
ENVELOPE --.-
RMS VALUE --
AXIS OF WAVE
ZERO LINE
ENVELOPE L
t = instant for which measurement is made t = instbnt for which measurement is made
A = peak-to-peakvalue of wave A' = major ordinate
A B' = minor ordinate
B = rmsvalue=-2.828
A = peak-to-peak value of alternating component
= A'+@
A' - B'
Fig 6 D directcomponent =T
=
Measurement of the nns Value of a B = rmsvalue
Symmetrical Wave - rms value of 2
- (alternating component) + (coCGLnt)
raw the envelope of the current wave

the center of the trace), determine
the peak-to-peak value at the given instant, and
Fig 7
divide by 2.828. See Fig 6.
7.1.4 Root-Mean-Square Value of an Asym- Measurement of the nns Value of an
al Wave at a Particular Instank Asymmetrical Wave
sinusoidal wave can be con-
sidered to be composed of two components: an nents and to combine them, but it may be used
alternating component and a direct component. to develop tables, charts, and scales by which
The rms value of such a current at a given in- the effective values are easily and quickly
stant is the square root of the sum of the squares obtained.
of the dc and ae components of current at the 7.1.4.4 Chart for Determining nns Value. A
instant. See Fig 7. chart which gives the rms value of the asym-
athg Component. The alter- metrical wave in terms of the peak-to-peak and
nating component has a peak-to-peak value m values is shown in Fig 8. These two
equal to the distance between the envelopes values are read on an oscillogram. The point,
and has an axis midway between the envelopes. whose abscissa is the maximum value of the
Peak value of alternating component = wave and whose ordinate is the peak-to-peak
-
Major ordinate + Minor ordinate value, indicates the rms value of the asym-
2 metrical wave. The point whose ordinate is
the peak-to-peak value and which is on the line
7.1.4.2 Direct Component. The direct com- having a slope of 2, indicates on the scale the
ponent has an amplitude to the displacement rms value of the alternating component. These
of the axis of the alternating component. values are multiplied by the scale of the oscillo-
gram.
Major ordinate - Minor ordinate 7.1.4.5 Scale for Determining nns Value. A
2 transparent scale which can be laid over an
asymmetrical sine wave and used for reading
7.1.4.3 Calculation of the rms Value o the rms value directly can be made by tracing
Asymmetrical SirruSoidal Wave, See Fig 7 for Fig 9. The scale is placed over the wave with its
the method of calculation. The direct use of axis XX' parallel to the zero line of the wave
involves a considerable and with the upper and lower edges of the scale
amount of calculation t o dete passing through the intersections of the en-
54
ANm/IEEE
BREAKERS RATED ON A SyMMEl[aICALCURRENT BASIS C37.09-1979
VALUE A TO B
Fig 8
Chart for Determining the rms Value of an Asymmetrical Sine Wave
velope of the wave and the line tt' marking the 7.1.4.6 Root-Mean-SquareValue of a Cur-
instant for which the r m s value is to be obtained, rent of Less than One Cycle Duration. A current
on of tt' and the z may flow for le
on the scale the impossible to determ
asymmetrical wave. The in current wave by
icates on the scale However, if the
component of the wave. current was part
r m s value in inches. These rms values are multi- was at least 20% asymmetrical, the crest value
plied by the scale of the oscillogram to obtain may be divided by 1.69 t o give the r m s value as
current values. discussed in 7.1.5. If the current is not distorted
55
ANSI/IEEE
c
2
W
z
231
8
NOTES Use of the scale: The line t' on the oscillogram marks the instant for which the measurement is to be made
and determines three points where it intersects the two envelopes a zero line of the wave. The transparent scale
(or the oscillogram) is then moved with the axis XX' of the scale 1 to the zero axis of the sine wave until the
two points on the envelope at tt' coincide with the upper and lower edges of the scale.
The third point, the intersection of ft' and the zero axis of the wave, indicates on the scale the rms value of the
total wave. The intersection of t' and X X in ac component. These values
are in inches and are multiplied by the scale of
Fig 9
Scale for Measuring the nns Value of an Asymmetrical Sine Wave at a Particular Instant
56
ANSI/IEEE
Q.76
RMS WUE O f ASYMMETRICAL
0.74
0.72
0.70
0.68
0.66
0.64
0.62
0.60
0.58
456.
0 lo 20 30 $0 50 60 m 90
A
DURATION OF LOOP ffl PERCENT OF CYCLE 5X 100
NOTE: Curves are based o n the assumption of zero decrement in both components.
Fig 10
Curve for Determining the r m s Value of an Asymmetrical S h e Wave Having a Single Loop
by arc voltage, the rms value of the sine wave curve N of Fig 10.
integrated over a complete cycle may be deter- 7.1.5 Alternate Methods of Stating the Making
mined from the amplitude of the single loop, Current. The making current may be stated as
its duration, and the curve M of Fig 10,In some either an rms current, measured from the en-
cases, the rms value of the current, for the frac- velope of the current wave at the time of the
tion of a cycle for which the current actudly maximum crest, or as the instantaneo
flowed, may be desired in analyzing test data, of the current at the crest. These
even though this value is not referred to in any equally significant in the ription of asym-
rating. The value may be determined from the metrical making currents, he units must be
amplitude of the single loop, its duration, and clearly stated to avoid CO
57
ANSI/IEEE
OT = duration of short circuit

A B = upper envelope of current wave
CD = lower envelope of current wave
.b-Z10 = rms value of asymmetrical current at each instant
Fig 11
Determination of the Equivalent rms Value of a Short-Time Current
the peak value of current t o the rms varies with asymmetry are considered to be symmetrical
asymmetry, as follows. and should not be used for demonstrating re-
Peak Value to quired making capability.
% Asymmetry Peak Value rms Value rms Value 7.1.6 Measurement of the rms Value of a Cur-
100 2.83 1.732 1.63 rent During a Short Circuit of Several Cycles
90 2.69 1.62 1.66 Duration. The oscillogram shown in Fig 11r e p
80 2.55 1.51 1.69
70 2.40 1.41 1.71 resents a record of a current which has passed
60 2.26 1.31 1.73 through a circuit breaker during a short circuit
50 2.12 1.23 1.73 of several cycles duration. Times are indicated
40 1.98 1.15 1.72
30 1.84 1.09 1.69 as abscissae on the axis OX and the current val-
24 1.75 1.06 1.66 ues as ordinates on the axis O Y . The origin 0
20 1.70 1 1.63 of the coordinates represents the beginning of
10 1.56 1.01 1.54
0 1.41 1.00 1.41 the short circuit and OT its duration.
The rms value of the current during the time
The ratio of the peak value t o the r m s value interval of 0 to T of such a wave is given by
is 1.69 t 2% if the asymmetry is between 22% following formula:
and 94% and 1.69 It 3% if the asymmetry is
from 20% to 100%. The vari
is so small that 1.69 can be U Inns -
T o
ducing serious error. Currents h
58
ANSI/IEEE
Phase A -
first t o open circuit
00 = instant o f final arc extinction
G ~ =G instant
~
v
after interval from 00
& f normal-frequency recovery vdtage, phase C
Average normal-frequency
NOTE: If, as in phase B , a voltage peak occurs exactly

at GIGl,
measurement is made at G2G2.
Fig 12
Determination of the Normal-Frequency
Pale-Unit Recovery Voltage
where stratin rrent carryixig ability

i = instantaneousvalue of the current may not be exactly as specified. However, since
The equivalent rms value of the current may the heating of the current carrying parts is very
be determined with sufficient accuracy by the i2dt, and the time for
following application of the Simpson formula: test current IA, deter-
(1)Divide the time interval 02into 10 equal considered to demon-
strate the ability o
Parts
(2) For the eleven instants, 0 through 10, de- specified current
termine the total rms currents, Io through 110, short circuit is wi
by the method 3.3 or 3.4, where applicable and if is e
7.2 Normal-Frequency R
Normal-frequency recovery voltage shall be de-
termined from the envelope of each voltage
wave at a point in time coincident with that
peak which occurs more than l/2 cycle and not
In using this formula on currents with a dc more than 1 cycle after final arc ex
component that decays to less than 5% of its the last phase to clear. The normal
initial value during the first time interval, it is phase-to-phase recovery voltage for a three-
more accurate to ignore the dc component phase short circuit shall be taken as 1.73 times
than to consider it. this
In some cases the duration of a test demon- manner for the three voltage wav 12.
59
RATIO BEYOND WHICH TWO RESTRIKES,
EACH WITH 1/2-CYCLE CURRENT PAUSE,
WILL RESULT 1I.l A TRANSIENT OVER-
VOLTAGE FACTOR OF LESS THAN 2.0
VOLTAGE RATIO
V (phase-to-phaseoperating V)
Voltage ratio = - =
(pole unit arc shunting resistance f2 capacitance current per phase A)
( R ) (I,.)
Fig 13
Allowable Current Pause for a Transient Overvoltage Factor of 2.0
8. Standards Re ac High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a

Symmetrical Current Basis
ANSI/IEEE C37.010-1979, Application Guide
ANSI C37.11-1979, Requirements for Electrical for ac High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on
1 for ac High-Volt
a Symmetrical Current Basis
on a Symmetrical ent Basis for a
ANSI/IEEE Std 21-1976,General Requirements
and Test Procedures for Outdoor Apparatus
979, Preferre
C 3 7.06-1
Bushings
Required Capabilities f
Circuit Breakers Rated on a IEEE Std 4-1978, Standard Techniques for High
Voltage Testing
7.04-1979 IEEE Std 32-1972, Terminology and Test Pro-
cedure for Neutral Grounding Devices
are available from the American
Institute, 1430 Broadway, New IEEE Std 271-1966, Surge Testing
of Extra-High-VoltageSwitches
60

IEEE Standard Test Procedure For AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated On A Symmetrical Current Basis

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IEEE Standard Test Procedure For AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated On A Symmetrical Current Basis

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ANSI/IEEE C37.

An American National Standard

Approved September 8,1977

Approved October 15,1979

consensus of those sub-

he has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing,

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc

C37.09-1964 (R 1969). This revision contains both substantive

AC Power Circuit Breakers (included definitions, rating basis, and some

le in ANSI C37.5-1953, which

(1) Simplifying appl d f s t clearing circuit breakers are u

cipally in a working group of the AIEE Power Circuit

Total Current Standard Symmetrical Current Standard Subject

ANSI C37.4 ANSI C37.03 Definitions

ANSI c37.5 Measurement of Voltage

ANSI C37.7 ANSI C37.07 Reclosing Factors

rated short circuit cur-+ LGllU

ting rating in amperes appearing in ANSI C37.6-1961

on of ANSI C37.06 published in 1971, several simplifications were introduced, includ-

A goal of work re y the 1979 publication of th

Voltage Waves, is incor

t o the primary subject document

AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers

the normal ANSI pr

American National Standards Institute

Association of Iron and Steel Engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................

H. W. Anderl G. P. Guaglione H. K. Reid

N. E. Reed W. N . Rothenbuhler F. G. Schaufelberger

Joseph L. Koepfinger, Chairman Irvin N. Howell, Jr, Vice Chairman

5.15 Low-Frequency Withstand Voltage n Major Insulation Components . . . . . . . . . 52

8. Standards References ....................................................... 60

Test for Demonstrating the Short-circuit

le 2 Test for Demonstrating the Short

no-load operations and

The purposes of the test

f high-voltage circuit breakers.

3. Conditions o freq need correction factors because

stalled in such a manner that other connected

ages within the operating range specified by the

d continuous current test shall

temperature rises of all parts of the circuit

A convenient form for such an oil cup con-

4.5 Rated Dielectric

made at the factory under tempe

The values for come

of the other terminals.

aker contacts open:

500 ,us. The actual voltage

voltage value is defined as the

ion of the actual installation.

ditions are made on circu

in feet not in excess of the circuit

rings and shielding shall be

ospherk Correction Factors for

the atmospheric conditions

ts. To obtain the test voltage Vwt,

I& = dry test voltage

by the rated or related exponential-cosine en-

mum voltage to K times this value at rated

emonstrated by Test Duty 6

Surge Testing of Extra-

lower currents, will be more severe.

iated with the r 4.6.2.5 Short-Time Current-Carrying Capa-