ISSN: 2277-3754

ISO 9001:2008 Certified

International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 3, Issue 5, November 2013

Comparative Study of RCC and Composite

Multistoreyed Buildings
Shashikala. Koppad, Dr. S.V.Itti
Post Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, KLEMSSCET, Belgaum,
Karnataka, India, 590008
Professor and Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, KLEMSSCET, Belgaum,
Karnataka, India

R.C.C. and masonry buildings due to earthquake has forced

Abstract Steel concrete composite construction means the
concrete slab is connected to the steel beam with the help of shear
connectors so that they act as a single unit. In the present work
steel concrete composite with RCC options are considered for
comparative study of B+G+15 storey of residential building which
is situated in earthquake zone 3 and for earthquake loading, the
provisions of IS:1893(Part1)-2002 is considered. For modeling of
composite and RCC structures, STAAD-proV8i software is used.
The results of this work shows that, the cost of composite beam is
less by 27% as compared to RCC beam. The maximum shear force
and maximum bending moment are less in composite beam as
compared to RCC beam. The node displacement is on higher side
in composite structure as compared to RCC structure. The weight
of composite structure is also less compared to RCC structure.
Composite structures are the best solution for high rise structure
as compared to RCC structure.
the structural engineers to look for the alternative method of
construction. Use of composite or hybrid material is of
particular interest, due to its significant potential in improving
the overall performance through rather modest changes in
manufacturing and constructional technologies. In India,
many consulting engineers are reluctant to accept the use of
composite steel- concrete structure because of its
unfamiliarity and complexity in its analysis and design. But
literature says that if properly configured, then composite
steel-concrete system can provide extremely economical
structural systems with high durability, rapid erection and
superior seismic performance characteristics.

Index TermsComposite beam, RCC column, RCC beam,

Staad-pro Software.

I. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

An important and economic combination of construction
materials is that of steel and concrete, with applications in
medium to high-rise buildings as well as bridges. In India
reinforced concrete members are mostly used in the framing
system for most of the buildings since this is the most
Fig 1: Typical Composite Beam Slab Details
convenient & economic system for low-rise buildings.
Formally the multi-story buildings in India were
However, for medium to high-rise buildings this type of
constructed with R.C.C framed structure or Steel framed
structure is no longer economic because of increased dead
structure but recently the trend of going towards composite
load, less stiffness, span restriction and hazardous formwork.
structure has started and growing. In composite construction
Steel-concrete composite frame system can provide an
the two different materials are tied together by the use of shear
effective and economic solution to most of these problems in
studs at their interface having lesser depth which saves the
medium to high-rise buildings.
material cost considerably. Thermal expansion (coefficient of
The objectives of the study are
thermal expansion) of both, concrete and steel being nearly
To provide a brief description to various components of
the same. Therefore, there is no induction of different thermal
steel concrete framing system for buildings.
stresses in the section under variation of temperature.
To investigate the cost effectiveness of steel-concrete
1) Composite beam definition
composite frames over traditional reinforced concrete
A steel concrete composite beam consists of a steel beam,
frames for building structures
over which a reinforced concrete slab is cast with shear
connectors. The composite action reduces the beam depth.
II. COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
Rolled steel sections themselves are found adequate
In the past, for the design of a building, the choice was frequently for buildings and built up girders are generally
normally between a concrete structure and a masonry unnecessary. The composite beam can also be constructed
structure. But the failure of many multi-storied and low-rise

341
 ISSN: 2277-3754
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 3, Issue 5, November 2013
with profiled sheeting with concrete topping or with cast in
place or precast reinforced concrete slab.
2) Composite Column definition
A steel concrete composite column is conventionally a
compression member in which the steel element is a structural
steel section. There are three types of composite columns used
in practice which are Concrete Encased, Concrete filled,
Battered Section.

III. BUILDING DETAILS

The building considered here is an residential building
having B+G+15 storied located in seismic zone 3 and for
earthquake loading, the provisions of IS:1893(Part1)-2002 is
considered. The wind velocity 39m/s. The plan of building is Fig. 4 3D Model of Building
shown in fig.2 the building is planned to facilitate the basic
requirements of an residential building. he plan dimension of Table 1: Data for Analysis of RCC Structure
the building is 27.1X32.575m. Height of each storey for Plan dimension 27.1X32.575m
Total Height of building 54.90m
composite and RCC is 3m and 3.15m. The study is carried out
Height of each storey 3.15m
on the same building plan for RCC and composite Height of parapet 1m
construction with some basic assumptions made for deciding Size of beams at plinth level 0.25X0.6m
preliminary sections of both the structures. The basic loading Size of beams at floor level 0.25X0.75m
on both types of structures are kept same, other relevant data Size of column 0.25x1.25m
is tabulated in table1 & 2 Thickness of slab 0.15m
Thickness of wall 0.2m
Seismic zone III
Wind speed 39m/s
Importance factor 1
Zone factor 0.16
Floor finish 1kN/m2
Live load 3kN/m2
Grade of concrete for slabs M30
Grade of concrete for beams and columns M30
Grade of reinforcing steel Fe415
Density of concrete 25kN/m2
Density of brick 20kN/m2
Damping ratio 5%
Grade of structural steel Fe250
Concrete cover to reinforcement(slab) 0.025m
Concrete cover to reinforcement 0.025m
Fig. 2 Plan showing typical floor (beams)
Concrete cover to reinforcement(columns) 0.040m

Table 2: Data for Analysis of Composite Structure

Plan dimension 27.1X32.575m
Total Height of building 52.50m
Height of each storey 3m
Height of parapet 1m
Size of beams at near shear wall ISMB450
Size of other beams ISMB300
Size of column 0.25x1.25m
Thickness of slab 0.15m
Thickness of wall 0.2m
Seismic zone III
Wind speed 39m/s
Importance factor 1
Zone factor 0.16
Fig.3 Elevation of Building Floor finish 1kN/m2
Live load 3kN/m2
Grade of concrete for slabs M30

342
 ISSN: 2277-3754
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 3, Issue 5, November 2013
Grade of concrete for beams and columns M30 Concrete 3032m3 6000 18195888
Grade of reinforcing steel Fe415 Total cost of RCC 34012568
Density of concrete 25kN/m2 beams(Rs)
Density of brick 20kN/m2
Damping ratio 5%
Grade of structural steel Fe250
Concrete cover to reinforcement(slab) 0.025m
Concrete cover to reinforcement 0.025m
(beams)
Concrete cover to reinforcement(columns) 0.040m

IV. ANALYSIS
The explained 3D building model is analyzed using
Equivalent Static Method. The buildings models are analyzed Fig 5. Cost Variation Graph for Composite and RCC Beams
by using Staad-Pro V8i software. In composite structure the
B. Cost of Columns
beam is modeled as composite beam element and column is
modeled as RCC beam element and shear wall is modeled as The quantity of RCC column for Composite structure and
RCC plate element. In RCC structure the beam and column is RCC structure are taken from the design and total quantity is
modeled as RCC beam element and shear wall is modeled as shown below. The rate of reinforcing steel and concrete are
RCC plate element. The different parameters such as node taken from market. The table 5 and table 6 show the total cost
displacement, maximum shear force, axial force and of RCC columns for RCC and composite structure.
maximum bending moment are studied for the models. The
Table 5.Cost of RCC columns for composite structure
dead load and live load are considered as per IS-875(part 1 Material Quantity of Rate Amount in
&2) and wind load is considered as per IS-875(part 3).For RCC column Rs
earthquake loading IS: 1893 (Part1)-2002 is used. for composite
structure
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Steel 108.87 51500/MT 5606805
(ton)
In the present study, the B+G+15 composite and RCC Concrete 375.75m3 6000 2254500
multistory residential building is considered. An effort has Total cost of RCC column for 7861305
been made to calculate the cost effectiveness of composite composite structure
and RCC structure elements. The parameter considered is
nodal displacement, maximum shear force, axial force and Table 6.Cost of RCC columns for RCC structure
maximum bending moment is considered and their variation Material Quantity of Rate Amount in
RCC column Rs
in the form of graph is shown.
for RCC
A. Cost of Beams structure
Steel 145.94(ton) 51500/MT 7515910
The quantity of composite beams and RCC beams are Concrete 394.53m3 6000 2367180
taken from the design and total quantity is shown below. The Total cost of RCC column for 9883090
rate of reinforcing steel, structural steel and concrete are taken RCC structure
from market. The table 3 and table 4 show the total cost of
composite beams and RCC beams.

Table 3.Cost of Composite beams

Material Quantity of Rate Amount in
composite Rs
beams
Structural 223.753 58325/MT 13050394
Steel (ton)
Reinforcing 63.53 51500/MT 3273340
Steel (ton)
Concrete 2118.6m3 4000 8474680 Fig 6. Cost Variation Graph for Composite and RCC Related
Total cost of composite 24798414 RCC Columns
beams(Rs)
C. Axial Forces for Composite and RCC Structures
Table 4.Cost of RCC beams From the analysis results axial forces are taken for
Material Quantity of Rate Amount in composite and RCC structure at different floor. The table 7
RCC beams Rs shows the maximum axial forces in Composite and RCC
Reinforcing 307.12 51500/MT 15816680 structure.
Steel (ton)

343
 ISSN: 2277-3754
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 3, Issue 5, November 2013
Table7. Composite and RCC Structure Axial Forces at table 9 shows the maximum bending moment and shear force
Different Floor Level in composite and RCC structure.
Type of Column No Maximum Maximum
floor Axial forces in Axial forces in Table 9: Maximum Shear Force and Bending Moment in RCC
Composite RCC and Composite Beams
structures structures Comparison Property Composite RCC beam
(kN) (kN) beam
Plinth 56 6641 9325 Maximum Shear 244.44 275.87
3rd 20350 4769 6345 force(kN)
7th 24422 3184 3983 Maximum bending 540 560.62
11th 28494 1664 1910 moment
15th 31537 900 1100 Z-direction(kN-m)

Fig 9: Maximum Shear Force for Composite and RCC Beams

Fig 7.Axial Forces Variation for Composite and RCC
Structure Related to RCC Columns
D. Node Displacement for Composite and RCC
structures
From the analysis results node displacement are taken for
composite and RCC structure. The node displacement for
composite and RCC structure are given in table 8.
Table 8: Composite and RCC Structure Node Displacement at
Different Floor Level
Type of floor Composite RCC structures Fig 10: Maximum Bending Moment Variation for Composite
structures (mm) and RCC Beams
(mm)
Plinth 1.2 1.1 VI. DISCUSSIONS
3rd 37.821 24.475 From table 3, 4 and figure 5 it is clear that the cost of
7th 76.2 52.571 composite beams is 27% less than the RCC beams. This
11th 110.15 76.989 is because, the composite beam does not require
15th 156.177 93.937 formwork, and thus no stripping time.
From table 5, 6 and figure 6 it is clear that the cost of
composite structure related RCC column is 20.45% less
than the RCC structure related RCC column. This is
because; in composite structure related RCC column
having less axial forces so less reinforcement steel is
required.
From table 7 and figure 7 it is clear that the axial forces in
RCC columns for composite structure is less compared to
RCC columns for RCC structure. This is because, RCC
sections are bulky in size thus their self-weight as
compared to thin steel sections is more. This results in the
Fig 8: Displacement Variation Graph for Composite and RCC higher axial force on the columns in case of RCC frame
Structures structure.
E. Maximum Moment and Shear Force in Composite From table 8 and figure 8 it is clear that, node
and RCC Beams displacements in composite structure is more compared
to RCC structure. This is because, composite structure is
From the analysis results maximum bending moment and more flexible as compared to RCC structure. The beam
shear force are taken for composite and RCC structure. The

344
 ISSN: 2277-3754
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 3, Issue 5, November 2013
defection is also more in composite beam as compared to Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Wroc law, Poland 25,
RCC beam. 50-370.
From table 9 and figure 9 it is clear that the maximum [5] D. R. Panchal, Dr. S. C. Patodi, Steel-Concrete Composite
shear force and maximum bending moment in composite Building Under Seismic Forces", Applied Mechanics
beam is less compared to RCC beam. This is because, the Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M.
dead load of composite sections is less, as compared to S. University of Baroda, Vadodara and Professor, Civil
RCC sections. Also the stiffness of the composite Engineering Dept. Parul Institute of Engineering &
sections is less as compared to RCC sections, thus less Technology, Limda Vadodara.
bending moment is transferred to the beam from the [6] Waldemar St. Szajna, Numerical Analysis of Steel-Reinforced
beam-column joint. Concrete Composite Girder'', University of Zielona Gora, Prof.
Z. Szafrana St. 2, Zielona Gora, Poland 65-516 (2005)
VII. CONCLUSION [7] Zhaohui huang, Ian W. Burgess and Roger J. Plank,
In this study, the comparative study of RCC and Composite Behaviour of reinforced concrete structures in re''.
multistoried building (B+G+15) is presented. Parameter
[8] Sandeep Chaudhary, Umesh Pendharkar and A. K. Nagpal,
considered are cost of beams, cost of columns, node Hybrid Procedure for Cracking and Time-Dependent Effects
displacement, beam deflection, maximum shear force, axial In Composite Frames at Service Load,
force and maximum bending moment is considered. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:2(166).
The axial forces in RCC structure is on higher side [9] IS 456:2000, Indian Standard code of practice for Plain and
of composite structure Reinforced concrete", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,
Composite structures are more economical than that India.
of RCC structure.
[10] SP 16:1980, Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS:
Weight of composite structure is quite low as 456-1978", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
compared to RCC structure which helps in reducing
the foundation cost. [11] IS 800:2007, Indian Standard code of practice for General
Composite structures are the best solution for high Construction in steel" Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,
India.
rise structure as compared to RCC structure.
Speedy construction facilitates quicker return on the [12] IS 875(part1 to 5):1987, Code of Practice for design loads for
invested capital and benefits in terms of rent. buildings and structures", Bureau of Indian Standards, New
The node displacement and deflection in composite Delhi, India.
structure is more compared to RCC structure but the [13] IS 1893-1984-criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of
Deflection is within permissible limit. Structures.
The maximum bending moment in composite beam [14] IS 1893(part1):2002, Criteria for Earthquake Resistant
is less compared to RCC beam. Design of structures", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,
The maximum shear force in composite beam is less India.
Compared to RCC beam. [15] IS 11384:1985, Code of Practice for Design of Composite
The cost of composite beam is reduces by 27% Structure, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
compared to RCC beam.
[16] SP 34:1987, Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and
The cost of composite structure related RCC column
Detailing" Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
is reduces by 20.45% compare to RCC column.
. [17] Euro code 3, Design of Steel Structures", European committee
REFERENCES for Standardization committee European de normalization
[1] D. R. Panchal, P. M. Marathe, Comparative Study of R.C.C, europaisches committee fur normung.
Steel and Composite (G+30 Storey) Building'', Institute Of [18] Euro code 4, Design of composite steel and concrete
Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad-382481, structures", European committee for standardization committee
December, 2011, pp. 08-10. European de normalization europaisches committee fur
[2] Mahbuba Begum, Md. Serajus Salekin, N. M. Tauhid Belal normung.
Khan, W.Ahmed, Cost Analysis of Steel Concrete Composite [19] R.P.Johnson, Composite structures of steel and concrete''
Structures in Bangladesh, Asian Journal of Civil Engineering Volume, Blackwell Scientific publications, UK.1994.
(BHRC), Vol.14, No.6, 2013, pp.935-944.
[20] R. Narayanan, Composite steel structures" Advances, Design
[3] Anish N. Shah, Dr. P. S. Pajgade, Comparison of RCC and and Construction, Elsevier, Applied sciences, UK, 1987.
Composite Multi-storied Buildings'', International Journal of
Engineering Research and Application (IJERA), ISSN: [21] Handbook of composite construction Multi-storey Buildings"
2248-9622, Vol.3, Issue 2, March-April 2013, pp.534-539. INSDAG publications No.INS/PUB/022.

[4] P. Kmiecik, M. Kaminski, Modeling of reinforced concrete

structures and composite structures with concrete strength
degradation taken into consideration'', Wroc law University of

345