Roselle May B.

Manlanat

FRISBEE HISTORY

Fred Morrison discovered a market for the modern-day flying disc in 1938 when he and future
wife, Lucile, were offered 25 cents for a cake pan that they were tossing back and forth on a
beach in New Haven, CT. "That got the wheels turning, because you could buy a cake pan for
five cents, and if people on the beach were willing to pay a quarter for it, well - there was a
business," Morrison told The Virginian-Pilot newspaper in 2007.

The Morrisons continued their business until World War II, when Morrison served in the Army
Air Force, flying P-47s, and then was a prisoner of war. Mustered out, Morrison sketched a
design for an aerodynamically improved flying disc that he called the Whirlo-Way. By 1948, after
design modifications and experimentation with several prototypes, Morrison and business
partner Warren Franscioni began producing the first plastic discs, renaming them the Flyin-
Saucer in the wake of reported unidentified flying object-sightings. "We worked fairs,
demonstrating it," Morrison told the Virginian-Pilot. The two of them once overheard someone
saying the pair were using wires to make the discs hover, so they developed a sales pitch: "The
Flyin-Saucer is free, but the invisible wire is $1." "That's where we learned we could sell these
things," he said, because people were enthusiastic about them.

Morrison and Franscioni ended their partnership in early 1950, and in 1954 Morrison formed his
own company, called American Trends, to buy and sell Flyin-Saucers, which were by then being
made of a flexible polypropylene plastic from Southern Connecticut Plastics, the original molder.
After learning that he could produce his own disc more cheaply, in 1955 Morrison designed a
new model, the Pluto Platter, the archetype of all modern flying discs. He sold the rights to
Wham-O on January 23, 1957, and in 1958 Morrison was awarded U.S. Design Patent
D183,626 for his product.

In June 1957, Wham-O co-founder Richard Knerr decided to stimulate sales by giving the discs
the additional brand name Frisbee (pronounced "friz'-bee"), after learning that Northeastern
college students were calling the Pluto Platter by that name, the term "Frisbee" coming from the
name of the Connecticut-based pie manufacturer, Frisbie Pie Company, which supplied pies to
Yale University, where students started the campus craze by tossing empty pie tins stamped
with the company's logo. "I thought the name was a horror. Terrible," Morrison told The Press-
Enterprise of Riverside in 2007. In 1982, Morrison told Forbes magazine that he had received
about US$2 million in royalty payments and said: "I wouldn't change the name of it for the
world."

The first Frisbee (Professional Model) ever designed with a tournament identification. The 1972
Canadian Open Frisbee Championships,Toronto.

The man behind the Frisbee's phenomenal success, however, was Edward "Steady Ed"
Headrick (Pasadena, Cal., June 28, 1924 La Selva Beach, Cal., August 12, 2002), hired in
1964 as Wham-O's new general manager and vice president in charge of marketing. Headrick
soon redesigned the Pluto Platter by reworking the mold, mainly to remove the names of the
planets, but in the process, fortuitously increasing the rim thickness and mass, creating a more
controllable disc that could be thrown more accurately. Sales skyrocketed for the toy, which was
marketed as a new sport. In 1964, the first professional model went on sale. Headrick patented
the new design, highlighting the new raised ridges (the "Rings of Headrick") that stabilized flight
and marketed and pushed the Professional Model Frisbee and "Frisbee" as a sport. (U.S.
Patent 3,359,678).

A frisbee containing some of the ashes of Ed Headrick. On display at Ripley's Believe it or Not!,
London Headrick, who became known as the father of Frisbee sports, later founded and
appointed Dan "Stork" Roddick as head of the International Frisbee Association. Stork began
establishing North American Series (NAS) tournament standards for various Frisbee sports,
such as Freestyle, Guts, Double Disc Court and Over-all events. Headrick later helped to
develop the sport of disc golf by inventing standardized targets called "pole holes", that was first
played with Frisbees and later with more aerodynamic beveled rim discs. Upon his death,
Headrick was cremated, and, as requested by him, his ashes were molded into memorial
Frisbees and given to family and close friends and sold to benefit The Ed Headrick Memorial
Museum Enthusiasts founded the International Frisbee Association in 1967, and the next year,
the Frisbee Golf Tournament began in Kalamazoo. Also in 1967, some New Jersey teenagers
invented Ultimate Frisbee, a game that is still played enthusiastically today. All this attention for
Frisbees certainly made it a hot commodity with sales reaching 100 million Frisbees by 1994
and later in 1998 the Frisbee was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame.

Ultimate Frisbee Rules and Regulations

Team and Players

Game is 6v6. Teams must field at least 4 and no more than 6 players.

A team must field at least 4 of its own players to begin a game.

Teams must have at least 2 females on the field, and no more than 4 males at all times.

If 1 female is fielded, the team may only have a maximum of 5 people on the field.

If 0 females are present, the team must forfeit unless opposing team allows it.

No metal cleats!

The Field: A rectangular shape with endzones at each end. A regulation field is __ yards by
__ yards, with endzones __ yards deep.

Start of the Game: Initial possession will be determined by a coin flip. The winning team can
choose to Pull (kickoff) or receive. Each point begins with both teams lining up on the front of
their respective end zone line. The defense throws the disc to the offense. The game will consist
of 2, 20 minute halves with a 5 minute half time.

Scoring: Each time the offense completes a pass in the defense's end zone, the offense
scores a point. Play is initiated after each score.
 Movement of the Disc: The disc may be advanced in any direction by completing a pass to a
teammate. Players may not run with the disc. The player (thrower) with the disc has ten
seconds to throw the disc. The defender (marker) guarding the thrower counts out the stall
count.

The Thrower: Must establish a pivot foot and can not change that foot until the disc is
thrown. There must be one arm's length between the thrower and the marker at all times.

The Marker: Only one player may guard the thrower at one time. A marker will keep the stall
count. Once the marker is within 10 feet of the thrower they can start the stall count. The stall
count consists of the marker counting to 10 audibly at one second intervals (e.g. stalling one,
two, three . . . .). If the defense switches markers the stall count must start over.

The Receiver: After catching a pass, the receiver may take only the fewest number of steps
required to come to a stop and establish a pivot foot. Exception: If the receiver catches the disc
while running, s/he may throw a pass without coming to a stop, but only so long as s/he
releases the disc before the third ground contact after catching the disc. If offensive and
defensive players catch the disc simultaneously, the offense retains possession.

Change of Possession: When a pass is not completed (e.g. out of bounds, drop, block,
interception, stalled), the defense immediately takes possession of the disc and becomes the
offense.

Substitutions: Players not in the game may replace players in the game after a score and
during an injury timeout.

Noncontact: No physical contact is allowed between players. Picks and screens are also
prohibited. A foul occurs when contact is made.

Fouls: When a player initiates contact on another player a foul occurs. When a foul disrupts
possession, the play resumes as if the possession was retained. If the player committing the
foul disagrees with the foul call, the play is redone.

Forfeits

If a team has to forfeit a game, the score of the game will be 70.

Playoffs:

To determine the standings at the end of the regular season, the tie-breakers are as follows:

1. Head to Head Matchups

2. Highest Point Differential

3. Strength of Victory against common opponents

4. Strength of Schedule

Non-Roster Subs

Non-Roster Subs are allowed during the regular season but are NOT permitted for the playoffs.
Subs must register in advance at www.bamsocialsports.com/sub or sign a waiver at the gym
prior to playing. The team captain is responsible for notifying the referee or league manager
about non-roster subs prior to the game during the captains meeting. There is no sub fee,
however a single person is allowed to sub a maximum of three (3) times per season. If they
want to continue playing they must officially register to the team. A team may borrow players
from another team only if they have less than 6 players. A team using non-roster subs or
borrowing players cannot have more than 6 players total for the game. A team must have at
least 3 official roster players to avoid forfeit.

Protocols

Equipment

A fully stocked first aid kit must be readily accessible.

A working communication device (e.g., cell phone) must be accessible.
Determine that all equipment is safe for use.
Disc must be inspected for cracks or spurs.

Clothing/Footwear

Appropriate clothing and footwear must be worn.

No metal cleats or compound cleats. Moulded cleats only.
The wearing of jewellery during practices and competitions must meet the rules of the
governing body of the sport/activity and local athletic association. Where jewellery is not
addressed by the governing body of the sport/activity or the local athletic association,
refer to the Generic Section.

Facilities

Determine that all facilities are safe for use.

Outdoor playing area must:
be inspected regularly for debris and obstructions
provide safe footing and traction
be well-removed from traffic areas
Holes, hazards (e.g. glass, rocks, sprinkler heads, sewer grates), and severely uneven
surfaces must be brought to the attention of the coaches, convenor, athletes and
officials. Notify principal of unsafe field conditions.
Athletes must be made aware of these surface problems.
Goal posts must be padded if in field of play.
Indoor playing surface and surrounding area must be free of all obstacles (e.g., tables,
chairs) and must provide safe footing and traction.

Special Rules/Instructions

Determine and follow school/board emergency procedures, including accessibility to a

vehicle, for transportation of an athlete to hospital.
Be aware of athletes whose medical condition (e.g. asthma, anaphylaxis, casts, previous
concussion, orthopaedic device) may affect participation (see Generic Section).
 Athletes must receive training or information on concussion prevention and awareness
specific to the activity prior to participating. Athletes must not participate in the activity
until this instruction has been received.
Fair play and rules of the sport must be taught and strictly enforced.
Skills must be taught in proper progression.
Games must be based on skills that are taught and wind conditions.
A student athletes fitness level must be commensurate with the level of competition.
No intentional body contact.
The number of games played in one day must not present a safety concern.
Any exposed orthopaedic apparatus, which presents a safety concern to other players,
must be soft or padded.
Any player with a playing cast must provide a doctors note or parent/guardian-signed
permission indicating it is safe for him/her to play.
Parents/guardians must be made aware of any off-campus activity and the means of
transportation used.

Environmental Considerations

Before involving athletes in outdoor activity, coaches must take into consideration:
environmental conditions (temperature, weather, air quality, humidity, UV index, insects)
accessibility to adequate liquid replacement (personal water bottles, water fountains)
and athlete hydration before, during and after physical activity
previous training and fitness level
length of time and intensity of physical activity
Athletes must be made aware of ways to protect themselves from environmental
conditions (e.g. use of hats, sunscreen, sunglasses, personal water bottles, insect
repellent, appropriate clothing).
Athletes must receive instruction on safety procedures related to severe weather
conditions (e.g., lightning, funnel clouds, severe winds, tornadoes [see Appendix F -
Lightning Protocol]).

Supervision

On-site supervision.
First Aid
An individual who takes responsibility for providing first aid to injured athletes must be
present during the entire practice/competition.

Court Dimensions

An Ultimate Frisbee field is 40 yards (37 meters) wide and 120 yards (110 meters) long.
Although almost any size will work as long as both sides of the field are equal. Each end zone is
25 yards deep and the playing area is 70 yards. A human step is, on average, about one yard
so the easiest way to measure out a field on the fly is to count your steps. A Brick Mark is
centrally located on both sides of the field 20 yards (18 meters) from the end zone. Bricks
sometimes arent marked, even at legitimate tournaments, so it is important to remember that
Bricks are 20 steps in-field. The entire 40 x 120 box is the playing field. If the frisbee leaves this
area it will be considered out-of-bounds. You dont really need to know this, but the exact center
of the field is 20 yards from the sideline and 35 yards from the end zone line. Youre officially
ready to set up an awesome Ultimate field.