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    22 views5 pages

    Solar PV

    Uploaded by

    Isuru Ediriweera
    fffffffffffffffffff

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 5

    11/21/2013

    EnergyfromtheSun
    SolarPowerDevelopment At the surface of
    the Sun the
    intensity of the
    solar
    radiation is
    about 6.33107
    W/m2
    WDASWijayapala
    (63MW/m2)
    SeniorLecturer
    DepartmentofElectricalEngineering

    Global mean
    solar power at
    earths surface is
    170 W/m
    2

    EnergyAvailable SolarMaps
    TheSolarConstantistheaverageextraterrestrialirradianceattheedgeoftheatmosphere.
    Insolation isameasureofsolarradiationenergyreceivedonagivensurfaceareaina
    Isc =1367W/m2
    giventime.
    Thustheaverageirradianceincidentontheearthssurface(withouttheeffectsofthe
    atmosphere)is684W/m2 ConceptofSolarResourceMap
    PeakSunHours(PSH) 1m

    1m

    2m

    3 4

    SolarMaps
    Solarmapsprovidemonthlyaveragedaily
    totalsolarresourceinformationongridcells.

    Th
    Theinsolation
    i l i valuesrepresenttheresource
    l h
    availabletoaflatplatecollector,suchasa
    photovoltaicpanel,orientedduesouthatan
    anglefromhorizontaltoequaltothelatitude
    ofthecollectorlocation..

    1
    11/21/2013

    SolarPowerTechnologies

    SolarPhotoVoltaic(PV)

    ConcentratedSolarPower(CSP)_Thermal

    SolarCellsareusedinawidevarietyof SomeDefinitions
    applications
    PVcell
    Generalelectricpowerapplications basicPVdevicewhichcangenerateelectricitywhenexposedto
    Cars,ships,airplanes(soon)etc.. lightsuchassolarradiation

    Toys,watches,calculators PVmodule
    Electricfences&protectionsystems
    p y smallestcompletelyenvironmentallyprotectedassemblyof
    i
    interconnectedPVcells
    d PV ll
    Remotelightingsystems
    Waterpumping/Watertreatment PVstring
    circuitinwhichPVmodulesareconnectedinseries,inorderfora
    Emergencypower PVarraytogeneratetherequiredoutputvoltage
    Portablepowersupplies
    PVarray
    Satellites mechanicallyandelectricallyintegratedassemblyofPVmodules,
    andothernecessarycomponents,toformaDCpowersupplyunit

    AvailableCellTechnologies SolarCellsandthePVEffect
    SinglecrystalorMonocrystallineSilicon UsuallyproducedwithSemiconductorgrade
    silicon
    PolycrystallineorMulticrystallineSilicon Dopingagentscreatepositiveandnegative
    regions
    regions
    Thinfilm P/Njunctionresultsin0.5voltspercell
    Ex.AmorphoussiliconorCadmiumTelluride Sunlightknocksavailableelectronsloose
    Wiregridprovidesapathtodirectcurrent

    2
    11/21/2013

    MonocrystallineSiliconModules
    Mostefficientcommercially
    availablemodule(11% 14%)

    Mostexpensivetoproduce

    Circular(squareround)cell
    createswastedspaceonmodule

    PolycrystallineSiliconModules AmorphousThinFilm
    Lessexpensivetomakethan Mostinexpensivetechnologyto
    singlecrystallinemodules produce
    Metalgridreplacedwith
    transparentoxides
    Cellsslightlylessefficientthana Efficiency
    Efficiency =6
    6 8%
    8%
    singlecrystalline(10% 12%) Canbedepositedonflexible
    substrates
    Squareshapecellsfitintomodule Lesssusceptibletoshading
    efficientlyusingtheentirespace problems
    Betterperformanceinlowlight
    conditionsthatwithcrystalline
    modules

    3
    11/21/2013

    SelectingtheCorrectModule CurrentVoltage(IV)Curve
    PracticalCriteria
    Size
    Voltage
    Availability
    Availability
    Warranty
    MountingCharacteristics
    Cost(perwatt)

    VoltageTerminology
    NominalVoltage
    Ex.APVpanelthatissizedtochargea12Vbattery,butreadshigherthan12V)

    MaximumPowerVoltage(Vmax /Vmp)
    Ex.APVpanelwitha12Vnominalvoltagewillread17V18VunderMPPT
    conditions)

    OpenCircuitVoltage(Voc)
    Thisisseenintheearlymorning,lateevening,andwhiletestingthemodule)

    StandardTestConditions(STC)
    25C(77)celltemperatureand1000W/m2 insolation

    EffectsofTemperature EffectsofShading/LowInsolation

    Asinsolation
    AsthePVcell
    decreases
    temperature
    temperature
    amperage
    increasesabove
    decreaseswhile
    25C,themodule
    voltageremains
    Vmpdecreasesby
    roughly
    approximately0.5%
    constant
    perdegreeC

    4
    11/21/2013

    ComponentsofaGridConnectedSolar
    OtherIssues
    PVSystem
    Surfacetemperaturecanbemeasuredusing Aphotovoltaicplant(PVplant)thatfeedsallthe
    laserthermometers poweritgeneratesintothegridessentially
    consistsofthefollowingcomponents:
    PVgenerator(solarmodules)
    IInsolation
    l i canbemeasuredwithadigital
    b d i h di i l Inverter
    pyranometer Monitoringsystem
    Feedinmeter
    Gridconnection
    DCandACcabling

    GridConnectedSolarPV GridConnectedSolarPVwithBattery

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