Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SOLUTION
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SOLUTION
Force: P 60 103 N
Stress: AB 150 106 Pa
2
Area: A d1
4
P P
AB A
A AB
P
d12
4 AB
4P (4)(60 103 )
d12 509.30 106 m 2
AB (150 106 )
d1 22.568 103 m d1 22.6 mm
(b) Rod BC:
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Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as
shown. Knowing that P = 10 kips, find the average normal stress at the
30 in. midsection of (a) rod AB, (b) rod BC.
1.25 in.
12 kips
25 in.
0.75 in.
SOLUTION
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Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as
shown. Determine the magnitude of the force P for which the tensile stresses in
30 in. rods AB and BC are equal.
1.25 in.
12 kips
25 in.
0.75 in.
SOLUTION
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A strain gage located at C on the surface of bone AB indicates that the average normal stress
A in the bone is 3.80 MPa when the bone is subjected to two 1200-N forces as shown.
Assuming the cross section of the bone at C to be annular and knowing that its outer diameter
is 25 mm, determine the inner diameter of the bones cross section at C.
1200 N
SOLUTION
P P
A
A
Geometry: A (d12 d 22 )
4
4A 4P
d 22 d12 d12
(4)(1200)
d 22 (25 103 )2
(3.80 106 )
222.92 106 m 2
d 2 14.93 103 m d 2 14.93 mm
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a
Two brass rods AB and BC, each of uniform diameter, will be brazed together
15 mm at B to form a nonuniform rod of total length 100 m, which will be suspended
B from a support at A as shown. Knowing that the density of brass is 8470 kg/m3,
determine (a) the length of rod AB for which the maximum normal stress in
100 m ABC is minimum, (b) the corresponding value of the maximum normal stress.
b
10 mm
SOLUTION
Areas: AAB (15 mm) 2 176.715 mm 2 176.715 106 m 2
4
ABC (10 mm)2 78.54 mm 2 78.54 106 m 2
4
From geometry, b 100 a
Weights: WAB g AAB AB (8470)(9.81)(176.715 106 ) a 14.683 a
WBC g ABC BC (8470)(9.81)(78.54 106 )(100 a) 652.59 6.526 a
Normal stresses:
At A, PA WAB WBC 652.59 8.157a (1)
PA
A 3.6930 106 46.160 103a
AAB
At B, PB WBC 652.59 6.526a (2)
PB
B 8.3090 106 83.090 103a
ABC
(a) Length of rod AB. The maximum stress in ABC is minimum when A B or
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20 kN E
D
A
SOLUTION
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4 in. 120 lb
A
30 C
10 in. 8 in.
SOLUTION
Use the plate together with two pulleys as a free body. Note that the cable tension causes at 1200 lb-in.
clockwise couple to act on the body.
M B 0: (12 4)( FAC cos 30) (10)( FAC sin 30) 1200 lb 0
1200 lb
FAC 135.500 lb
16 cos 30 10 sin 30
1
Area of link AC: in. 0.125 in 2
A 1 in.
8
F 135.50
Stress in link AC: AC AC 1084 psi 1.084 ksi
A 0.125
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10
SOLUTION
ABE 285 mm 2
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11
A 308
D
SOLUTION
(a) 0.
M A 0: (18 sin 30)(4) (12 cos30) FBD 0
FBD 3.4641 kips (tension)
3 1
Area for tension loading: A (b d )t 1 0.31250 in 2
8 2
F 3.4641 kips
Stress: BD 11.09 ksi
A 0.31250 in 2
(b) 90.
M A 0: (18 cos30)(4) (12 cos 30) FBD 0
FBD 6 kips i.e. compression.
1
Area for compression loading: A bt (1) 0.5 in 2
2
F 6 kips
Stress: BD 12.00 ksi
A 0.5 in 2
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12
12 ft
For the Pratt bridge truss and loading shown, determine the
average normal stress in member BE, knowing that the cross-
A
H sectional area of that member is 5.87 in2.
C E G
9 ft 9 ft 9 ft 9 ft
SOLUTION
Use entire truss as free body.
M H 0: (9)(80) (18)(80) (27)(80) 36 Ay 0
Ay 120 kips
BE 8.52 ksi
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13
E F
D 15 in. 30 in.
SOLUTION
Add support reactions to figure as shown.
Using entire frame as free body,
M A 0: 40Dx (45 30)(480) 0
Dx 900 lb
Use member DEF as free body.
Reaction at D must be parallel to FBE and FCF .
4
Dy Dx 1200 lb
3
4
M F 0: (30) FBE (30 15) DY 0
5
FBE 2250 lb
4
M E 0: (30) FCE (15) DY 0
5
FCE 750 lb
Stress in compression member BE:
Area: A 2 in. 4 in. 8 in 2
FBE 2250
(a) BE BE 281 psi
A 8
Minimum section area occurs at pin.
FCF 750
Stress in tension member CF: (b) CF CF 107.1 psi
Amin 7.0
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14
SOLUTION
FREE BODY ENTIRE TOW BAR:
100
tan 8.4270
675
M E 0: ( FCD cos )(550) R(500) 0
500
FCD (2654.5 N)
550 cos 8.4270
2439.5 N (comp.)
FCD 2439.5 N
CD
ACD (0.0125 m)2
4.9697 106 Pa CD 4.97 MPa
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15
150 mm 200 mm
SOLUTION
4
M B 0: (0.150) FAE (0.600)(800) 0
5
FAE 4 103 N
Area of rod in member AE is A d2 (20 103 ) 2 314.16 106 m 2
4 4
FAE 4 103
Stress in rod AE: AE 6
12.7324 106 Pa
A 314.16 10
(a) AE 12.73 MPa
Use combined members ABC and BFD as free body.
4 4
M F 0: (0.150) FAE (0.200) FDG (1.050 0.350)(800) 0
5 5
FDG 1500 N
Area of rod DG: A d2 (20 103 ) 2 314.16 106 m 2
4 4
FDG 1500
Stress in rod DG: DG 4.7746 106 Pa
A 3.1416 106
(b) DG 4.77 MPa
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16
Determine the diameter of the largest circular hole that can be punched into a sheet of polystyrene 6 mm
thick, knowing that the force exerted by the punch is 45 kN and that a 55-MPa average shearing stress is
required to cause the material to fail.
SOLUTION
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17
SOLUTION
Six areas must be sheared off when the joint fails. Each of these areas has dimensions 5
8
in. 1
2
in., its area
being
5 1 5 2
A in 0.3125 in 2
8 2 16
At failure, the force carried by each area is
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18
P' P When the force P reached 1600 lb, the wooden specimen shown failed
in shear along the surface indicated by the dashed line. Determine the
average shearing stress along that surface at the time of failure.
Steel 3 in. Wood
SOLUTION
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19
SOLUTION
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20
6 in.
SOLUTION
Bearing area: Ab Lw
P P
b
Ab Lw
P 20 103 lb
L 8.33 in. L 8.33 in.
b w (400 psi)(6 in.)
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21
SOLUTION
d2 (0.012 m)2
Bolt: ABolt 1.13097 104 m 2
4 4
P
Tensile force in bolt: P A
A
(36 106 Pa)(1.13097 104 m 2 )
4.0715 103 N
Bearing area for washer: Aw
4
d 2
o di2
P
and Aw
BRG
Therefore, equating the two expressions for Aw gives
4
d 2
o
di2
P
BRG
4P
d o2 di2
BRG
4 (4.0715 103 N)
d o2 (0.016 m) 2
(8.5 106 Pa)
d o2 8.6588 104 m 2
d o 29.426 103 m
d o 29.4 mm
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22
120 mm 100 mm
A 40-kN axial load is applied to a short wooden post that is
supported by a concrete footing resting on undisturbed soil.
Determine (a) the maximum bearing stress on the concrete
footing, (b) the size of the footing for which the average bearing
stress in the soil is 145 kPa.
b b
SOLUTION
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23
SOLUTION
P
For the column, or
A
P A (30)(11.7) 351 kips
P 351
A 117 in 2
3.0
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24
Link AB, of width b = 2 in. and thickness t = 14 in., is used to support the end of a
A
horizontal beam. Knowing that the average normal stress in the link is 20 ksi and
that the average shearing stress in each of the two pins is 12 ksi, determine (a) the
d diameter d of the pins, (b) the average bearing stress in the link.
b t
B
d
SOLUTION
Rod AB is in compression.
1
A bt where b 2 in. and t in.
4
1
P A (20)(2) 10 kips
4
P
Pin: P
AP
and AP d2
4
4 AP 4P (4)(10)
(a) d 1.03006 in.
P (12)
d 1.030 in.
P 10
(b) b 38.833 ksi
dt (1.03006)(0.25)
b 38.8 ksi
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25
12 mm
SOLUTION
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26
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27
12 mm
SOLUTION
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28
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29
A
F
45 mm
SOLUTION
40 9
M c 0: FAB (100 cos 20) FAB (100 sin 20)
41 4
(2 kN) cos 75(175sin 20) (2 kN)sin 75(175cos 20) 0
100
FAB (40 cos 20 9sin 20) (2 kN)(175)sin(75 20)
41
FAB 4.1424 kN
9
Fx 0: C x (4.1424 kN) (2 kN) cos 75 0
41
C x 0.39167 kN
40
Fy 0: C y (4.1424 kN) (2 kN)sin 75 0
41
C y 5.9732 kN
C 5.9860 kN 86.2
C 5.9860 103 N
(a) ave 94.1 106 Pa 94.1 MPa
A (0.0045 m) 2
C 5.9860 103 N
(b) b 44.3 106 Pa 44.3 MPa
td (0.015 m)(0.009 m)
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30
D
PROBLEM 1.7 Each of the four vertical links has an 8 36-mm
A
uniform rectangular cross section and each of the four pins has a 16-mm
diameter. Determine the maximum value of the average normal stress in
the links connecting (a) points B and D, (b) points C and E.
SOLUTION
FBD
(a) Shear pin at B. for double shear
2A
where A d2 (0.016) 2 201.06 10 6 m 2
4 4
32.5 103
80.822 106 Pa 80.8 MPa
(2)(201.06 106 )
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31
SOLUTION
E 1250 lb
Fx 0: E Bx 0
Bx E
Bx 1250 lb
Fy 0: By 1500 0 By 1500 lb
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32
SOLUTION
90 45 45
P 11 kN 11 103 N
A0 (150)(75) 11.25 103 mm 2 11.25 103 m 2
P cos 2 (11 103 ) cos 2 45
489 103 Pa 489 kPa
A0 11.25 103
P sin 2 (11 103 )(sin 90)
489 103 Pa 489 kPa
2 A0 (2)(11.25 103 )
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33
SOLUTION
90 45 45
A0 (150)(75) 11.25 103 mm 2 11.25 103 m 2
620 kPa 620 103 Pa
P sin 2
2 A0
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34
608
P'
SOLUTION
P 1400 lb 90 60 30
A0 (5.0)(3.0) 15 in 2
P cos 2 (1400)(cos30) 2
70.0 psi
A0 15
P sin 2 (1400)sin 60
40.4 psi
2 A0 (2)(15)
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35
608
P'
SOLUTION
A0 (5.0)(3.0) 15 in 2
90 60 30
P cos 2
A0
A0 (75)(15)
(a) P 1500 lb P 1.500 kips
cos
2
cos 2 30
P sin 2 (1500)sin 60
(b) 43.3 psi
2 A0 (2)(15)
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36
A centric load P is applied to the granite block shown. Knowing that the
resulting maximum value of the shearing stress in the block is 2.5 ksi, determine
(a) the magnitude of P, (b) the orientation of the surface on which the maximum
shearing stress occurs, (c) the normal stress exerted on that surface, (d ) the
maximum value of the normal stress in the block.
6 in.
6 in.
SOLUTION
A0 (6)(6) 36 in 2
max 2.5 ksi
45 for plane of max
| P|
(a) max | P | 2 A0 max (2)(36)(2.5) P 180.0 kips
2 A0
(b) sin 2 1 2 90 45.0
P P 180
(c) 45 cos 2 45 45 2.50 ksi
A0 2 A0 (2)(36)
P 180
(d ) max max 5.00 ksi
A0 36
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37
A 240-kip load P is applied to the granite block shown. Determine the resulting
maximum value of (a) the normal stress, (b) the shearing stress. Specify the
orientation of the plane on which each of these maximum values occurs.
6 in.
6 in.
SOLUTION
A0 (6)(6) 36 in 2
P 240
cos 2 cos 2 6.67 cos 2
A0 36
(a) max tensile stress 0 at 90.0
max. compressive stress 6.67 ksi at 0
P 240
(b) max
2 A0 (2)(36)
max 3.33 ksi
at 45
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38
208
SOLUTION
d o 0.400 m
1
ro d o 0.200 m
2
ri ro t 0.200 0.010 0.190 m
Ao (ro2 ri2 ) (0.2002 0.1902 )
12.2522 103 m 2
20
P 300 103 cos 2 20
cos 2 21.621 106 Pa 21.6 MPa
Ao 12.2522 103
P 300 103 sin 40
sin 2 7.8695 106 Pa 7.87 MPa
2 A0 (2)(12.2522 103 )
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39
SOLUTION
d o 0.400 m
1
ro d o 0.200 m
2
ri ro t 0.200 0.010 0.190 m
Ao (ro2 ri2 ) (0.2002 0.1902 )
12.2522 103 m 2
20
P
Based on | | 60 MPa: cos 2
A0
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40
Q'
SOLUTION
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41
SOLUTION
Use bar ACD as a free body and note that member BC is a two-force member.
M A 0:
(480) FBC (600) P 0
600 (600)(16 103 )
FBC P 20 103 N
480 480
Ultimate load for member BC: FU U A
FU 72 103
Factor of safety: F.S. F.S. 3.60
FBC 20 103
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42
SOLUTION
Use bar ACD as a free body and note that member BC is a two-force member.
M A 0:
(480) FBC 600P 0
600P (600)(20 103 )
FBC 25 103 N
480 480
For a factor of safety F.S. 3, the ultimate load of member BC is
FU (F.S.)( FBC ) (3)(25 103 ) 75 103 N
FU 75 103
But FU U A A 166.667 106 m 2
U 450 10 6
A 166.667 106
For a rectangular section, A wt or w 27.778 103 m
t 0.006
w 27.8 mm
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43
0.4 m Members AB and BC of the truss shown are made of the same alloy. It is known
that a 20-mm-square bar of the same alloy was tested to failure and that an
B ultimate load of 120 kN was recorded. If a factor of safety of 3.2 is to be
1.4 m achieved for both bars, determine the required cross-sectional area of (a) bar
AB, (b) bar AC.
SOLUTION
Fy 0: Ay 28 0
Ay 28 kN
PU 120 103
For the material, U 300 106 Pa
A 400 106
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44
PU A
(a) For member AB: F.S. U AB
FAB FAB
(F.S.) FAB (3.2)(17 103 )
AAB 181.333 106 m 2 AAB 181.3 mm 2
U 300 106
PU A
(b) For member AC: F.S. U AC
FAC FAC
(F.S.) FAC (3.2)(20 103 )
AAC 213.33 106 m 2 AAC 213 mm 2
U 300 106
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45
0.4 m Members AB and BC of the truss shown are made of the same alloy. It is known
that a 20-mm-square bar of the same alloy was tested to failure and that an
B ultimate load of 120 kN was recorded. If bar AB has a cross-sectional area of
1.4 m 225 mm2, determine (a) the factor of safety for bar AB and (b) the cross-
sectional area of bar AC if it is to have the same factor of safety as bar AB.
SOLUTION
Fy 0: Ay 28 0
Ay 28 kN
PU 120 103
For the material, U 300 106 Pa
A 400 106
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46
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted
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47
SOLUTION
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use.
Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted
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48
Two wooden members are joined by plywood splice plates that are fully glued on
the contact surfaces. Knowing that the clearance between the ends of the members
is 6 mm and that the ultimate shearing stress in the glued joint is 2.5 MPa,
determine the length L for which the factor of safety is 2.75 for the loading shown.
L
6 mm
125 mm
16 kN
SOLUTION
2.5 MPa
all 0.90909 MPa
2.75
On one face of the upper contact surface,
L 0.006 m
A (0.125 m)
2
Since there are 2 contact surfaces,
P
all
2A
16 103
0.90909 106
( L 0.006)(0.125)
L 0.14680 m 146.8 mm
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49
For the joint and loading of Prob. 1.43, determine the factor of safety when
L = 180 mm.
PROBLEM 1.43 Two wooden members are joined by plywood splice plates that
L
6 mm are fully glued on the contact surfaces. Knowing that the clearance between the
ends of the members is 6 mm and that the ultimate shearing stress in the glued
joint is 2.5 MPa, determine the length L for which the factor of safety is 2.75 for
the loading shown.
125 mm
16 kN
SOLUTION
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50
Three 34 -in.-diameter steel bolts are to be used to attach the steel plate shown to
a wooden beam. Knowing that the plate will support a load P = 24 kips and that
the ultimate shearing stress for the steel used is 52 ksi, determine the factor of
safety for this design.
SOLUTION
2
3
For each bolt, A d2 0.44179 in
2
4 44
PU A U (0.44179)(52)
22.973 kips
Factor of safety:
PU 68.919
F. S . F. S . 2.87
P 24
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51
Three steel bolts are to be used to attach the steel plate shown to a wooden beam.
Knowing that the plate will support a load P = 28 kips, that the ultimate shearing
stress for the steel used is 52 ksi, and that a factor of safety of 3.25 is desired,
determine the required diameter of the bolts.
SOLUTION
24
For each bolt, P 8 kips
3
PU P 4P
U U 2 U2
A 4
d d
4 PU (4)(26.0)
d 0.79789 in. d 0.798 in.
U (52)
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52
1
2 P
c
b
40 mm
SOLUTION
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53
For the support of Prob. 1.47, knowing that the diameter of the pin is
d 16 mm and that the magnitude of the load is P 20 kN, determine
(a) the factor of safety for the pin, (b) the required values of b and c if the
factor of safety for the wooden members is the same as that found in part a
for the pin.
d
1
2 P PROBLEM 1.47 A load P is supported as shown by a steel pin that has
been inserted in a short wooden member hanging from the ceiling. The
1 ultimate strength of the wood used is 60 MPa in tension and 7.5 MPa in
P
c 2
shear, while the ultimate strength of the steel is 145 MPa in shear.
Knowing that b 40 mm, c 55 mm, and d 12 mm, determine the
b load P if an overall factor of safety of 3.2 is desired.
40 mm
SOLUTION
P 20 kN 20 103 N
(a) Pin: A d2 (0.016) 2 2.01.06 106 m 2
4 4
P P
Double shear: U U
2A 2A
PU 2 A U (2)(201.16 106 )(145 106 ) 58.336 103 N
PU 58.336 103
F .S. F .S. 2.92
P 20 103
(b) Tension in wood: PU 58.336 103 N for same F.S.
PU PU
U where w 40 mm 0.040 m
A w(b d )
PU 58.336 103
bd 0.016 40.3 103 m b 40.3 mm
w U (0.040)(60 106 )
Shear in wood: PU 58.336 103 N for same F.S.
PU P
Double shear: each area is A wc U U
2 A 2wc
PU 58.336 103
c 97.2 103 m c 97.2 mm
2w U (2)(0.040)(7.5 106 )
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54
SOLUTION
A (a d )t
PU U A
PU (a d )t
F .S. U
P P
Solving for a,
( F .S .) P 3 (3.60)(2.5)
ad
U t 4 (36) 14
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55
SOLUTION
A (a d )t
3 1
2 0.31250 in 2
4 4
PU U A
(36)(0.31250) 11.2500 kips
PU 11.2500
F .S . 4.50
P 3.5
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56
SOLUTION
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57
SOLUTION
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58
24 kN
SOLUTION
A d2 (0.020) 2 314.16 106 m 2
4 4
FU 2 U A (2)(150 106 )(314.16 106 ) 94.248 103 N
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59
C PROBLEM 1.53 Each of the two vertical links CF connecting the two
D horizontal members AD and EG has a 10 40-mm uniform rectangular
E cross section and is made of a steel with an ultimate strength in tension of
F 400 MPa, while each of the pins at C and F has a 20-mm diameter and
G
are made of a steel with an ultimate strength in shear of 150 MPa.
Determine the overall factor of safety for the links CF and the pins
24 kN connecting them to the horizontal members.
SOLUTION
A d2 (0.030) 2 706.86 106 m 2
4 4
FU 2 U A (2)(150 106 )(706.86 106 ) 212.06 103 N
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60
D D
Front view 12 mm
Side view
SOLUTION
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61
SOLUTION
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62
SOLUTION
3
M A 0 : (2.4) P 2.4W1 1.2W2
5
5 5
P W1 W2
3 6
Design criterion: D PD L PL PU
PU D PD (0.90)(12 103 ) (1.25)(1.0628 103 )
PL
L 1.6
5.920 103 N
3 5.92 103
(a) Allowable load. m m 362 kg
5 9.81
Conventional factor of safety:
P PD PL 1.0628 103 5.920 103 6.983 103 N
PU 12 103
(b) F. S. F. S. 1.718
P 6.983 103
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63
SOLUTION
D PD L PL PU
D PD L PL
(a) PU
1 3
(1.2) 160 (1.5) 2 195
2 4 PU 629 lb
0.85
Conventional factor of safety:
1
P PD PL 160 0.75 2 195 372.5 lb
2
PU 629
(b) F. S. F. S. 1.689
P 372.5
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64
C 80 Mg
15 m
D
A
SOLUTION
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65
Two horizontal 5-kip forces are applied to pin B of the assembly shown.
B Knowing that a pin of 0.8-in. diameter is used at each connection,
1.8 in. determine the maximum value of the average normal stress (a) in link
5 kips
5 kips
AB, (b) in link BC.
0.5 in.
A 60
45 1.8 in.
SOLUTION
Law of Sines:
FAB FBC 10
sin 45 sin 60 sin 95
FAB 7.3205 kips
FAB 7.3205
(a) Stress in AB : AB AB 14.64 ksi
Anet 0.5
FBC 8.9658
(b) Stress in BC: BC BC 9.96 ksi
A 0.9
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66
For the assembly and loading of Prob. 1.60, determine (a) the average
B shearing stress in the pin at C, (b) the average bearing stress at C in
1.8 in.
member BC, (c) the average bearing stress at B in member BC.
5 kips
5 kips
PROBLEM 1.60 Two horizontal 5-kip forces are applied to pin B of the
0.5 in.
60 assembly shown. Knowing that a pin of 0.8-in. diameter is used at each
A
45 1.8 in. connection, determine the maximum value of the average normal stress
(a) in link AB, (b) in link BC.
SOLUTION
Law of Sines:
FAB FBC 10
FBC 8.9658 kips
sin 45 sin 60 sin 95
FBC
(a) Shearing stress in pin at C.
2 AP
AP d2
(0.8)2 0.5026 in 2
4 4
8.9658
8.92 8.92 ksi
(2)(0.5026)
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67
FBC
(b) Bearing stress at C in member BC. b
A
A td (0.5)(0.8) 0.4 in 2
8.9658
b 22.4 b 22.4 ksi
0.4
FBC
(c) Bearing stress at B in member BC. b
A
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68
SOLUTION
At each bolt location the upper plate is pulled down by the tensile force Pb of the bolt. At the same time, the
spacer pushes that plate upward with a compressive force Ps in order to maintain equilibrium.
Pb Ps
Fb 4 Pb
For the bolt, b or Pb b db2
Ab db2 4
Ps 4 Ps
For the spacer, s or Ps s (d s2 db2 )
As (d s db2 )
2
4
Equating Pb and Ps ,
b db2 s (d s2 db2 )
4 4
b 200
ds 1 d 1 (16) d s 25.2 mm
s b 130
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69
B
80 mm
M
A
60 mm
SOLUTION
Use piston, rod, and crank together as free body. Add wall reaction H
and bearing reactions Ax and Ay.
M A 0 : (0.280 m) H 1500 N m 0
H 5.3571 103 N
Use piston alone as free body. Note that rod is a two-force member;
hence the direction of force FBC is known. Draw the force triangle
and solve for P and FBE by proportions.
(b) BC 41.4 MPa
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70
A
F
60 lb
SOLUTION
(a) 0: FDE 80 lb
80
DE DE 640 psi
0.125
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71
SOLUTION
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72
SOLUTION
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73
0.8 m 0.4 m
SOLUTION
Use member ABC as a free body, and note that member BD is a two-force member.
M c 0 : ( P cos 40)(1.2) ( P sin 40)(0.6)
( FBD cos 30)(0.6)
( FBD sin 30)(0.4) 0
1.30493P 0.71962FBD 0
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74
SOLUTION
For shear, A dL
P all A all dL
For tension, A d2
4
P all A all d 2
4
Equating, all dL all d2
4
Solving for L, Lmin alld/4 all
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75
1.25 in.
2.0 in.
SOLUTION
A0 (2.0)(1.25) 2.50 in 2
P U A0
Normal stress: cos 2 PU ,
A0 cos 2
PU , U A0
( F. S .)
P P cos 2
P U A0
Shearing stress: sin cos PU ,
A0 sin cos
PU , U A0
( F. S.)
P P sin cos
U A0 U A0
Equating,
P cos 2
P sin cos
sin 1.3
Solving, tan U 0.520 (a) opt 27.5
cos U 2.5
U A0 (12.5)(2.50)
(b) PU 7.94 kips
cos
2
cos 2 27.5
PU 7.94
F. S. F. S. 3.31
P 2.4
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76
1.25 in.
2.0 in.
SOLUTION
2 A0U (2)(2.50)(1.3)
sin 2 0.90278
PU 7.2
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77
Element 1
P1
SOLUTION
Force in element i:
It is the sum of the forces applied to that element and all lower ones:
i
Fi P
k 1
k
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78
SOLUTION
P = 20 kN
Forces in links.
F.B. diagram of ABC:
M C 0: 2FBD ( BC ) P( AC ) 0
FBD P( AC )/2( BC ) (tension)
M B 0: 2FCE ( BC ) P( AB) 0
FCE P( AB)/2( BC ) (comp.)
(i) Link BD. (ii) Link CE.
Thickness t L Thickness t L
ABD t L ( wL d ) ACE tL wL
BD FBD / ABD CE FCE / ACE
(iii) Pin B. (iv) Pin C.
B FBD /( d 2 /4) C FCE /( d 2 /4)
(v) Bearing stress at B. Shearing stress in ABC under Pin B.
Thickness of member AC t AC FB AC t AC ( wAC /2)
Fy 0: 2FB 2 FBD
Sig Bear B FBD /(dt AC )
(vi) Bearing stress at C. 2 FBD
AC
Sig Bear C FCE /( dt AC ) AC wAC
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79
Program Outputs
Input data for Parts (a), (b), (c):
P 20 kN, AB 0.25 m, BC 0.40 m, AC 0.65 m,
TL 8 mm, WL 36 mm, TAC 10 mm, WAC 50 mm
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80
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81
SOLUTION
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82
Program Outputs
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83
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84
SOLUTION
(b) When 38.66, tan 0.8 and cable BD is perpendicular to the lever arm BC.
(c) F .S . 3.579 for 26.6; P is perpendicular to the lever arm AC.
Note: The value F . S . 3.579 is the smallest of the values of F.S. corresponding to 38.66 and the
largest of those corresponding to 26.6. The point 26.6, 38.66 is a saddle point, or
minimax of the function F .S . ( , ).
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85
P'
SOLUTION
Fx 0: V P cos 0 V P cos
Fy 0: F P sin 0 F P sin
Area ab/sin
F
Normal stress: ( P/ab) sin 2
Area
V
Shearing stress: ( P/ab) sin cos
Area
(iii) F.S. for tension (normal stresses):
FSN U /
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86
Program Outputs
Problem 1.29
a 150 mm
b 75 mm
P 11 kN
U 1.26 MPa
U 1.50 MPa
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87
Problem 1.31
a 5 in.
b 3 in.
P 1400 lb
U 150 psi
U 214 psi
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88
SOLUTION
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89
Program Outputs
(b) Problem 1.55. Data: d1 8 mm, d 2 12 mm, U , 250 MPa, U 100 MPa, F .S . 3.0
Pall 3.72 kN. Stress in Pin A is critical.
(c) Problem 1.56. Data: d1 10 mm, d 2 12 mm, U 250 MPa, U 100 MPa, F .S . 3.0
Pall 3.97 kN. Stress in Pins B and D is critical.
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90