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Piotr Makua 229350

Mykyta Bezuglyy 231953

Ege Sivri 231999

Garca Yanez Israel 239811

Strength of materials
Lab report
PURPOSE

The purposes of this exercise are to evaluate the compound stress/strain states in a thin walled
closed end cylinder and to relate analytically and experimentally determined stresses and strains. The
thin walled closed end cylinder is loaded by both an axiallyapplied load and an internal pressure.
Strain gages arranged longitudinally and tangentially are used to experimentally determine axial and
hoop strains. Thin wall pressure vessel stress equations and uniaxial loading stress equations along
with constitutive relations are used to analytically determine the strains.

Introduction:
Cylindrical or spherical pressure vessels are commonly used in engineering to serve as boilers or
tanks. When under pressure, the material from which these vessels are made is subjected to stresses
from all directions. Although this is the case, the vessel can be analyzed in a simple manner, provided
that it has a thin wall.

When the vessel wall is thin, the stress distribution throughout the thickness will not vary
significantly and is therefore assumed constant and uniform. In analyzing stresses in thin wall
pressure vessels, the pressure is assumed to be gauge since it measures the pressure greater than
atmpospheric pressure which is assumed to exist both inside and outside the vessels wall.
Procedure
In a thin wall pressure vessel, two stresses exist: the longitudinal stress ( L) and the hoop stress (H).
The longitudinal stress is a result of the internal pressure acting on the ends of the cylinder and
stretching the length of the cylinder. The hoop stress is the result of the radial action of the internal
pressure that tends to increase the circumference of the vessel.

The pressure developed in a vessel be determined by measuring the elastic strains of the
surface of the vessel. Internal pressure for a pressurized vessel be derived using basic Hookes law
stress and strain relations that relate change in hoop and axial strains to internal pressure. Two strain
gauges were attached to the vessel to measure the change in strains.

Longitudinal stress distribution.

Calculations:

Initial Force: F=3034 N


Diameter: d=36.55mm
2
d
Area of tube: S= =1048 mm2
4
F 3034
Internal pressure: P= S = 1048 =2.313 Mpa

Hookes stresses:
The hoop stress for the thin walled cylinder vessel be calculated as

Pd
t = 2t
=42,2

Similarly, the longitudinal stress cylinder wall vessel cab be calculated

Pd
L = 4t
=21,1
Hookes strain:


1. = 1
x- y+
)=0.004558
x
( )
E
z



2. = 1
y- z+
)=0.001597
y
( )
E
x

* x= =0 * z=0
t * y * x= t * y= L

*Young modulus E=68.9

* =0.35

Conclusion:
This report presented a stress analysis of the stresses developed in thin-walled pressure vessels
(cylindrical ). The elastic strains ( x & y ) of the external surface of the vessel was
determined through strain gages attached to the surface and connected to a strain indicator. The
longitudinal stress, hoop stress, and the internal pressure were determined from equations of
generalized Hookes law for stress and strain. Small variations recorded in internal pressures
calculated from the longitudinal strain ( x ) and the hoop strain ( y).

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