Exp9.

SOLID DISSOLUTION WITH INSTANTANEOUS REACTION 31st july 2017

9. SOLID DISSOLUTION WITH INSTANTANEOUS REACTION

SAIPRASAD IRALWAD, AKASH PATEL, PARAS BHANUSHALI, ANUJ JOSHI

Abstract:- In this report the desire is to study solid dissolution with instantaneous reaction and
predict enhancement obtain due to reaction. The enhancement will be predicted by calculating
the mass transfer coefficients while there is reaction and mass transfer coefficient while there is
no reaction involved in the system and taking their ratio which gives the enhancement factor.

Keywords:- enhancement factor, mass transfer coefficient.

Introduction:-
The dissolution of solid particles in liquids is a phenomenon in which the solute molecules on
solid surface leave the surface continuously at the expense of the mass of the particle. The whole
process can roughly be described by two steps in series: the escape of solute molecules from the
solid surface and the diffusion of these molecules toward the bulk liquid phase. Depending on
the operating conditions, the rate of dissolution may be controlled by one of these two steps. The
behavior of the dissolution of solid particles in liquids is modeled kinetically. The type of solid-
liquid system being studied in this experiment is often observed in Bioreactors.
This solid-liquid system consists of a solid disc which is rotating inside the bulk liquid. A similar
system is seen in case of Rotating Biological Reactors(RBC), which consists of closely spaced,
parallel discs mounted on a rotating shaft. A solid can be placed on the rotating disc to study its
mass transfer characteristics with the liquid. Such studies are usually carried out for design of
drug (shape and size) in drug delivery systems. For any solid-liquid system, the study of solid-
liquid mass transfer co-efficient (k SL ) is very important since its a critical design parameter,
especially in cases where overall rate is controlled by mass transfer. Notably, most common
solid-liquid agitated systems are not as the system described in this experiment. Most often,
agitated solid-liquid suspension systems are used in many industrial applications. This is because
smaller solid particle size provides more interfacial area for mass transfer. A large solid-liquid
interfacial area is achieved by ensuring particles are fully suspended in the liquid phase.
In this experiment, we intend to the study the effect of different concentration of NaOH on solid-
liquid mass transfer co-efficient (k SL ). We shall Study the dissolution of benzoic acid in
aqueous NaOH solution & Water and compare the observed enhancement factor for mass
transfer with chemical reaction with those predicted by stagnant film and boundary layer model.

Theory:-
Solid-liquid mass transfer is a vital operation in chemical industries. The transfer of solid from
the solid phase to the liquid can be with reaction or without reaction. In case dissolution is
accompanied by solid-liquid reaction, it is desirable to know the enhancement in the rate of mass
transfer due to simultaneous reaction and compare it with the enhancement predicted on the basis
of the film and the boundary layer models.
The reaction can be depicted as:
A + nB Products
And the rate of reaction can be given as,
Ra = kla[A] 1

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Exp9. SOLID DISSOLUTION WITH INSTANTANEOUS REACTION 31st july 2017

Here A and B represent the solid (benzoic acid) and liquid (NaOH) reactants respectively. The
reaction is instantaneous, as given in literature. The reaction of benzoic acid with sodium
hydroxide is a regime 4 reaction. The enhancement factor for regime 4 is calculated theoretically
by two separate theories.
Stagnant film theory, is based on the assumption that when a solid and a liquid phase are
brought in contact with each other, a thin layer of stagnant fluid exists on the liquid side. Mass
Transfer with Chemical Reaction occurs across the phase boundary. Mass transfer by convection
within this layer is assumed to be insignificant, and accordingly the transport is solely achieved
by steady state diffusion. Beyond the thin layers the turbulence is sufficient to eliminate
concentration gradients. By the stagnant film theory, the enhancement factor is given by:

[]
=1+ .. 2
[ ]
Boundary layer theory differs from the film theory in that the concentration and velocity can
vary in all coordinate axes. However, as the change in the concentration profile is the largest in
the x direction, i.e. the coordinate perpendicular to the phase interface, this simplifies the
differential equations for the concentration significantly. By the boundary layer theory, the
enhancement factor is gi ven by:

Experimental setup:-

Figure1:- experimental setup

Materials:-

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Exp9. SOLID DISSOLUTION WITH INSTANTANEOUS REACTION 31st july 2017

NaOH, 0.2 N Oxalic Acid, Benzoic Acid solid, 0.5 N HCl, Conical Flasks, beakers, burette,
measuring cylinders and pipettes, etc.

Method:-

Record the dimensions of the benzoic acid cylinder (O.D., length and O.D. of Stainless steel rod)
and then fix it in a vertical position with the D.C motor. Fill the vessel with aqueous NaOH
solution of known concentration. Fix the benzoic acid cylinder inside the vessel containing
aqueous NaOH solution and start the motor at a fixed rotational speed low rpm. Run the
experiment for 10 minutes. After 10 min immediately remove benzoic acid cylinder from the
solution and titrate NaOH sample for unreacted NaOH concentration, against standard 0.5 N HCl
solution. Measure the cylinder dimensions again. Repeat for 5 NaOH concentrations in beaker
from 0.1 to 0.5 N. This was the reaction with dissolution part.

To find out physical dissolution rate rotate the benzoic acid cylinder at the same rpm in 200 ml
of water for 30 min. Withdraw samples (5 ml) in every 5 min time interval and analyze for acid
content by titration against 0.02N NaOH solution. Add 5ml of makeup water when you withdraw
the sample.

Observations:-
1) Standardization of solutions:

NaOH --------N (using 0.2 N oxalic acid solution)

HCl ---------- N (using 0.5 N NaOH solution)
2) Rotation speed (N) = ------------ rpm
3) Height of the benzoic acid cylinder = -------- cm.

Observation table:

A) For dissolution with reaction:

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Exp9. SOLID DISSOLUTION WITH INSTANTANEOUS REACTION 31st july 2017

B) For physical dissolution:

Data:
Diffusivity of benzoic acid = 1.04 * 10-9 m2/sec
Solubility of benzoic acid = 0.01639 gmol/lit
DB = DOH =4.1 X10-9 m2 / s

Checklist

Measure initial dimension of benzoic acid cylinder. Fix to Motor at certain RPM
Measure Final dimensions of benzoic acid cylinder
Prepare 5 different concentrations of NaOH
standardize all solutions used
Add makeup water after every reading
measure least count of all the equipment used.

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