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Aim: To study the construction and working of 4- stroke petrol / diesel engine.
Theory: A machine or device which derives heat from the combustion of fuel
and converts part of this energy into mechanical work is called a heat engine.
Heat engines are broadly classified into internal combustion engines [I.C.
engines] and external combustion engines. Petrol and diesel engines fall under
the category of internal combustion engines as these are reciprocating heat
engines in which fuel mixed with correct amount of air is burnt inside a cylinder.
The gaseous products of combustion form the working substance which make
the piston move and produce mechanical work at the engine crankshaft. In
contrast, the combustion of fuel in external combustion engines (ex. Steam
engines) is external.