International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169

Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1132 1136

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Security and Power Aware IPV6 Programming in Internet of Things Using

CONTIKI and COOJA

Amit Sharma,
Asst. Professor,
School of Information Technology,
Apeejay Institute of Management Technical Campus,
Jalandhar, Punjab, India

Abstract: The current era is surrounded with enormous devices and gadgets connected with each other using high performance technologies.
Such type of technology loaded object communication is treated under the aegis of Internet of Things (IoT). A number of applications are using
IoT based communication whether it is related to defense equipments, smart cities, smart offices, highway patrolling, smart toll collections,
business communications, satellite televisions, traffic systems or interconnected web cams for social security. IoT is also known and associated
with other terms including Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp), Pervasive Computing or Ambient Computing in which number of devices and
objects are virtually connected for remote monitoring and decision making. This manuscript underlines the security and power aware
programming in IoT for higher performance in Cooja.

Keywords: Wireless Networks, Internet of Things, Wireless Security

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I. INTRODUCTION In this attack, the malicious node or attacker perform the

As there are so many devices and equipments connected
with each other using virtual environment, there are the
stern issues related to security, privacy and overall
performance of networks so that integrity aware
communication can take place with greater efficiency. Since
the inception of IoT devices and intercommunication, a
significant work on security and privacy is going on because
of the increasing vulnerability aspects and attacks from
assorted sources.
Different types of attacks are used to control and damage the
IoT environment at different layers. The attackers can
damage and control the IoT network by sending the
malicious packets and signals and infrastructure can be
virtually destroyed. Such attacks are in the high priority as
these attacks affect the entire network. A number of attacks
are prevalent for controlling and damaging the pervasive
networks.
Denial of Service (DoS) Attack: In DoS attack, the
network availability is jammed by the attacker node or
malicious packet by capturing the bandwidth or
communication channel. Here, the authentic and legitimate
users are not able to access the network services. This is one
of the prominent attacks that works on the network layer of
IoT based scenario. Such type of attack is more dangerous
when it becomes Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
because this mechanism is involved as distributed in nature.
attack from multiple and different locations.
Sybil Attack: Sybil attack affects the network layer of
vehicular network a lot. Using this attack, the manipulation
of source identity takes place. The malicious node attempts
to fabricate and manipulate the original identity and
pretends to be a registered or original source node. In Sybil
attack, the attacker node creates assorted vehicles or nodes
of same identity by replication and forces other nodes to
leave or move fast from the road. Using resource testing
these attacks can be detected which works on the
assumption that vehicles have limited resources. This
problem of Sybil attack can be addressed using public key
cryptography where public keys are used to authenticate
vehicles.
Node Imitation Attack: In this type of attack, the
transmission of messages takes place by the imitated node of
other identity. In this way, the attacker can send the
malicious or wrong messages to any node hiding or
changing its own identity. The identity of IoT node can be
disguised in this attack to capture the authentic and secured
packet which can be very harmful and disaster prone for the
entire scenario.
Application Level Attack: This type of attack in IoT
environment tamper the messages and retransmit to the
destination which can be very insecure. For example, in
Internet of Vehicles (IoV) based implementation the high

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication
Volume: 5 Issue: 5
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
traffic lane can be broadcasted as Congestion Free Lane.
With this approach, the upcoming congestion can be very
high on that lane which can result in the disasters.
Importance of IPv6 in Internet of Things (IoT)
Security and integrity is the main issue in IoT based network
environment in which interception free secured
communication is required. To enforce and integrate the
higher degree of security, there is need to implement IPv6
for IoT scenarios with dynamic hybrid cryptography in the
keys generation and authentication. The IPv6 based
approach can be enabled with fully secured algorithms and
non vulnerable towards the interceptions. With the
increasing implementations of IoT in diversified domains, it
becomes necessary to work out the security aspects of IoT
with the secured routing of packets so that the intrusion
cannot take place and all the transmission can be fully
secured.
RPL (Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy
Networks)
RPL is the IPv6 Based Protocol for IoT. It is primarily
integrated for IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area
Networks (6LowPAN). It works with the dynamic creation
ISSN: 2321-8169
1132 1136
of Destination-Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG)
having unidirectional as well as bi-directional
communication. It is having multiple instances with the
localized behavior for higher optimization. RPL enables
each node in the framework to pick if packets are to be sent
upwards to their root or downwards to their child nodes.
Programming RPL with IPv6 in Cooja
Contiki is one of the widely used IoT enabled operating
system under free and open source distribution available on
(http://www.contiki-os.org). Contiki is equipped with Cooja
Simulator that is used for the simulation as well as
programming for sensor devices having enormous options to
program the IoT nodes for real life implementations. Contiki
is having an excellent and powerful IoT simulator Cooja
which enable the programmer to import and program
enormous types of IoT motes and get the results from
different algorithms. To program, control and monitor the
remote IoT devices, the back-end C programs and related
header files can be customized and recompiled to get the
desired results. Contiki works on IPv4 as well as IPv6
networking with the integration of lightweight protocols so
that low power chips and radio frequency chips can be
connected without performance issues.

Figure 1: Fetching the data and messages for plotting graphs

Figure 1 depicts the simulation of multiple IoT motes in
Cooja Simulator with the integration of dynamic
cryptography. The simulation results can be analyzed from
Mote Output in which there is option to fetch the execution
logs. All the data communication and signals are logged in
Mote Output which can be further investigated using
different types of graphs.
Once the simulation is complete, the network log files are
analyzed which includes the source and destination motes,
time and overall activities performed during simulation. In
the Mote Output Window, the log data can be copied and
further analyzed using data mining and machine learning
tools for predictive analytics.

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1132 1136
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 2: Collect View Activation for Detailed Logs

Figure 2 represents the Collect View in Cooja Simulator. It IoT motes can be analyzed on multiple parameters including
is the tool available with Cooja IoT Simulator to analyze the Latency, Temperature, Time and other important parameters
individual IoT mote. The IoT mote analytics can be viewed which contribute to the performance evaluation.
from Tools menu of Cooja. From Collect View, any of the

Figure 3: Network Graph Option in Cooja

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IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1132 1136
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 3 depicts the different options by which IoT View of Cooja enable the researcher to view the dynamic
Simulation can be analyzed and prediction on various topology and connections of sensor nodes as shown in
parameters can be done. The network graph tab in Collect Figure 4.

Figure 4: View of Network Graph for Dynamic Topology

Plotting Results in form of Graphs

Figure 5: Average Power Consumption in the Motes

As depicted in Figure 5, there are enormous parameters cited graph are consistent and low power mode is in the
including LPM, CPU, Radio Listen and Radio Transmit integrity mode. In addition, the radio listen the having the
during the IoT simulation. The graphical results in the above consistency.

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IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1132 1136
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
II. Conclusion
Internet of Things is one of emerging domain of research at
various academic as well as corporate establishments.
Because of increasing number of devices, there are so many
segments for research in this area. Following are some of the
approaches on which the novel and effectual algorithms can
be devised and implemented using Cooja
Interoperability and Cross-Protocol Compatibility
Development of Energy Aware IoT Scenarios
Power Aware Scheduling and Routing
Prediction and Avoidance of Energy Consumption
Attacks
Lifetime Analytics for Robustness of IoT
Environment
Reproducible and Multi-Interface Implementations
o and many others

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