Professional Documents
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BabucM BabucA
B A B U C /A/M
A portable instrument for acquisition, display, storage and processing
of environmental data.
User's manual
TABLE OF OPERATIVE CODES FOR THE SENSOR AND SIGNAL CLASSES 11 TO 20................................60
- follows TABLE OF OPERATIVE CODES 21 TO 40....................................................................................61
- follows TABLE OF OPERATIVE CODES 41 TO 50....................................................................................63
- follows TABLE OF OPERATIVE CODES 51 TO 65....................................................................................64
- follows TABLE OF OPERATIVE CODES 66 TO 80....................................................................................65
- follows TABLE OF OPERATIVE CODES 81 TO 95....................................................................................66
- follows TABLE OF OPERATIVE CODES 96 TO 115..................................................................................67
- follows TABLE OF OPERATIVE CODES 131 TO 145................................................................................68
- follows TABLE OF OPERATIVE CODES 151 TO 160 Input 10 (impulsive)..............................................69
- follows TABLE OF OPERATIVE CODES 161 input 9 anemometer e 162 input 11 voltage......................70
- follows TABLE OF SECONDARY OPERATIVE CODES 151 TO 169.......................................................70
- follows TABLE OF SECONDARY OPERATIVE CODES 170 TO 194.......................................................71
TABELLA DI RICERCA DEI CODICI OPERATIVI PER I SENSORI LSI LASTEM
QUICK REFERENCE TABLE FOR LSI LASTEM SENSORS OPERATION CODES ........................................72
...........................................................................................................................................................................................72
Attention: BABUC/A has (standard) rechargeable batteries which are recharged by connecting the instrument to
mains with the power pack (mod. BSC010). BABUC/M is equipped with (standard) non-rechargeable alkaline
batteries. If these batteries become low, replace them with new 9.0 Volt types (model 1604A).
- Immediate display of all instantaneous values and main processes of the measurement in progress.
- Data recording, creation of a local archive of the surveys performed, and selective printing of the data and
main processes.
- Transfer of the local archive to a PC, creation of large-scale archives, and processing using specialized
application programs or with the aid of electronic spreadsheets.
- Remote control of acquisition systems via modem, management of up to 32 networked BABUC instruments.
The BABUC instruments are well adapted for use as "portable" instruments for immediate data acquisition, either
as "fixed" or "semi-fixed" data acquisition stations even for long periods of time.
PROGRAMMABILITY : BABUC instruments can be programmed to adapt them to the broadest requirements.
The parameters are factory-set for general purpose use. However, the operator will quickly learn to modify them
to meet his needs. The programmable settings fall into four categories: survey, system, communication and
utility.
Survey settings: Related to the specific measurements being performed, and are:
a) Choice between memorizing the data or just displaying them
b) Setting the survey number
c) Setting the date-time to begin measuring automatically
d) Setting the survey duration
Communication settings: Related to communication between BABUC and printers or PC, and are:
a) Setting the transmission speed (bit rate)
b) Setting the protocol ID for networked BABUC instruments
c) Information about serial line activity
Utility settings: Related to the general operation of the instrument, and are:
a) Setting the system date/time
b) Setting the keyboard protection password
c) Setting beeper activation/de-activation
d) Setting the display automatic switch-off time
DATA DISPLAY: During surveys, it is possible to display the data in two formats. The "synthetic" format lists the
most recent acquisition values of all parameters. The "statistical" format, for each parameter, displays its most
recent value and the difference with respect to the previous one; the minimum and maximum data values with
date/time; the mean and standard deviation from the beginning of the survey or since the last update performed.
A series of information is also available about the survey in progress: current date and time, beginning/end of
survey, available memory, etc.
PRINTING: BABUC can be connected directly to any serial printer. 5 types of print formats are available:
1) List of archives
2) Instantaneous survey values
3/4) Survey statistics based on requested time period (tabular and graphic format)
5) Active parameters on the instrument
6) ASCII table
DR CALCULATION: From Version 5.02 of the program, BABUC when connected to the following probes:
- Air speed and turbolence (BSV105)
- Temperature
- Calculates, visualizes and memorizes (if a memorizable relief is made), the risk index from air currents (UNI
EN Iso 7730 September 1997)
WBGT Calculation: From version 3.9 of the program, when BABUC is connected to the following probes:
- Globothermometric probe and Natural ventilation wet bulb probe
- Dry temperature probe.
It calculates, displays, and stores (if a survey with storage is performed) the WBGT thermal stress index
(ISO7243) in the WGBT indoor and WBGT outdoor versions. If BABUC is connected to the following probes :
- Globothermometric probe and Natural ventilation wet bulb probe
It calculates, displays, and stores (if a survey with storage is performed) the WBGT thermal stress index
(ISO7243) only in the WGBT indoor version.
LUMINOUS INTENSITY CALCULATION: From version 4.02 of the program, when BABUC is connected to the
following probe: Luxmetric probe
It calculates, displays and stores (if a survey with storage is performed) the derived parameter luminous
intensity. It expresses the luminous flux of a source in a specific direction, per unit of solid angle. In the
calculation this measurement uses the standard parameter Distance from light source which must then be set.
If the Distance from light source is equal to zero, the luminous intensity parameter is not calculated nor is it
displayed or stored.
UVA DENSITY CALCULATION: From version 4.02 of the program, when BABUC is connected to the following
probe: Lux/UVA combined probe (BSR107)
It calculates, displays and stores (if a survey with storage is performed) the derived parameter UVA Density. It
expresses the emission of ultraviolet radiation (UV-A) with respect to the lighting level of the lighting sources in
the rooms where objects are present which may deteriorate due to photochemical reactions.
CALCULATION OF THE WALL THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (K FACTOR): in version 4.01 of the program,
when BABUC is connected to a flowmeter probe (BSR240), environment temperature probes and contact
temperature probe, it calculates the following values :
- Thermal flow. W/m2
- Overall thermal conductivity (K factor). W/(m2K)
- Internal surfaceinternal air thermal conductivity factor (Ki - i) W/(m2K)
- External surfaceexternal air thermal conductivity factor (Ke - e) W/(m2K)
HEAT INDEX AND HEAT STRESS INDEX: From the Version 5.07 of the program BABUC, when connected to
the Humidity probes BST101, BST102, BST104, BST105, BST107, BST116, BST118, BST120, BST122,
BST127, BST201, BST216, BST218, BST301, BSU102, BSU104, BSU106, BSU400, BSU401, BSU402,
BSU403, BSU402.1, BSU403.1 and BSU431, calculates the following indices:
- Heat index
- Heat Stress Index
UV INDEX CALCULATION AND UV EXPOSITION LEVEL: From the verion 5.07 of the program BABUC,
when connected to the UVB and UVA probes calculates the following indices:
- UV index
- UV exposition level
RADIANT ASYMMETRY CALCULATION: From Version 2.1 of the program, when connected the radiant
asymmetry probe (BSR231 with references to the EN 27726), and an air temperature probe, BABUC shows
and, in case, stores (if a survey with storage is in progress), the following values:
- Net Radiation W/m2
- Radiometer temperature in C
- Air temperature in C
- Planar radiant asymmetry temperature (tpr ) (UNI EN 27726)
CALCULATION OF DISSATISFIED DUE TO RADIANT ASYMMETRY: From the version 5.03 of the BABUC
program, when connected to a Net radiometer probe, calculates the following index:
- Percentage of dissatisfied due to radiant asymmetry (%) (UNI EN 27730) only Vers. > 5.02
INPUTS: In the non-dedicated inputs, the instruments are capable of receiving and recognizing signals from
sensors, automatically configuring itself accordingly. There are two dedicated inputs: one for hot-wire
anemometric LSI LASTEM sensors, and the other for -4+4 V voltmetric signals.
BABUC/M BABUC/A
Inputs capable of automatically recognizing signals from analogue 4 8
sensors: (thermocouples, thermoresistors, thermistors,
thermopiles and potentiometric sensors with mA and mV outputs,
etc.)
ACTUATORS: Actuators associated to all analogue inputs supplying 9 V unstabilized power, maximum 0.2 Amp
each, with total simultaneous maximum: 0.6 Amp.
MEMORY: BABUC has two types of memory: dynamic (RAM) and static (EEPROM). The instrument does not
lose data once it is switched off.
BABUC/M BABUC/A
Model Code BSA020 BSA010-BSA011 BSA012-BSA013 BSA014-BSA015
Total memory (in Kb) 32 64 128 256
Maximum no. of samples 5,000 20,000 50,000 110,000
that can be stored in
memory
The amount of memory used depends on the programmed acquisition rate and the number of sensors
connected to the acquisition device.
ACQUISITION RATE: Acquisition rate is defined as the time interval between two successive acquisitions. The
acquisition rate can be programmed for each individual sensor from 1 second to 24 hours. The time necessary
for the instrument to acquire each input is 1 second.
CONNECTION OF NON-LSI LASTEM PROBES: It is possible to connect non-LSI LASTEM probes. In this case,
the operator will use terminal connectors to attach the probes electrically and to carry out the parameter setting
procedure. Once this has been done, BABUC will automatically recognize the probe as any other LSI LASTEM
probe.
PC SOFTWARE: IngoGAP IG is a program for the management of acquired data measured from the Babuc data
logger line.The program has been realized with a multi-level logic in that it can be used by both users, who
require graphs and tables of acquired data with a few clicks of a mouse and those users who are more
demanding and require more advanced functions, for example, personalised graphs and reports
The InfoGap program is available in two versions: IG-Basic and IG-Advanced:
MICROCLIMATE is an additional module of the InfoGAP program for the calculation of some of the most used
and known microclimatic indices from the international standards (ISO standards).The microclimate modules
must be used with the InfoGAP-Advanced (BSZ302) package.
Cod. Description
BSZ303 Microclima modul for moderate enviroments.
BSZ304 Microclima modul for hot enviroments.
BSZ305 Microclima modul for cold enviroments.
2.2. Keyboard
The keyboard consists of 10 alphanumeric keys, 10 function keys and 1 switch on key. Keeping the key
pressed the autorepeat function is automatically activated.
The normal values of the keys are shown below:
ON Main switch
Arrows In the data input menus, these arrows shift the line cursor across the lines containing
write fields. In the option menus, they shift the arrow indicating the selection confirmed
by "IMMIS". In the data display mode, when the list contains lines in excess of display
capacity, the arrows scroll the list by line or continuously.
Arrows They shift the character cursor horizontally across the write fields. Movement is
circular and unlimited. In some screens, the information item format changes.
pg These shift the display page forward and backward in lists with several pages.
immis This has the customary input, confirmation and start functions.
esc To exit from the screen mask currently displayed and return to the mask immediately
prior to it along the branch path.
It is possible to exit the different options inside the menus by pressing this key until the
main menu is obtained.
However, when measuring, it is necessary to "end the survey" in order to return to the
main menu.
F2/- This is used as the "PAUSE" key while computing the statistics in the display masks,
without stopping any data storage in progress.
It inserts the character "-" in numerical inputs, wherever necessary.
Switch on and off the display back lighting (optional)
F1/, This generates a decimal point wherever requested. (Input of radiometer Coefficient,
Channel input/output engineering); it clears the statistics during the computation of
statistics in the display masks.
B A B U C
P r o g r a m V . * . * *
M a t r . * * * * . * * * *
showing the number of the resident program, the serial number of the instrument, and the program language.
If "IMMIS" is pressed, the main menu will be shown. If the operator does not press "IMMIS", the instrument
will be switched off automatically after one minute as a safeguard against inadvertent activation.
Survey
"Survey" can be used to set all parameters allowing BABUC to acquire, display and store data and to
run or interrupt a survey. The K Factor survey only measures the K coefficient of the walls.
Shutdow n
"Shutdown" disables the instrument.
Files
"Files" is used to display all the information regarding memory space requirements and Survey
cancellation.
Comun.
"Communication" is used to modify options for the connection between BABUC and PC or
printer.
Printouts
"Print" enables resident files to be printed, with various logic configurations, using a serial printer
directly connected to the instrument.
Utilities
"Utilities" provides information on the operation of the instrument, excluding information about survey
settings or the connected sensors.
System
"System" is used to modify the operating characteristics of the sensors that can be connected to the
instrument.
0 0 / 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0
S y s t e m d a t e / t i m e
d d / m m / y y h h : m m : s s
- - / - - / - - - - : - - : - -
Insert the date/time and press IMMIS. This operation will permit the date/time of the minimum and maximum
values ; it is not compulsory.
"SURVEY"
Once the instrument has been switched on by using the "ON" key, BABUC executes a brief countdown
displaying the program Version and Serial Number. If "IMMIS" is pressed, the following is shown:
> N o r m a l s u r V e y
K F a c t o r S u r v e y
S h u t d o w n
F i l e s
P r i n t o u t s
C o m m u n i c a t I o n
U t i l i t y
S y s t e m
Shift the selection arrow to "SURVEY" and press "IMMIS" - the following selection will be shown:
> W i t h o u t s t O r a g e
W i t h s t o r a G e
Shift the selection arrow to "Without Storage" and press "IMMIS". After approx. 10 seconds, the following
mask will appear :
S u r v e y w i t H o u t
s t o r a g e i n p r o g r
This indicates that the measurement is in progress and that the instrument is acquiring data. It is therefore
possible to view the values by following the procedure described in section "8" of this chapter.
"END OF SURVEY"
To complete the survey, use the "ESC" key to return to the message: "SURVEY WITHOUT STORAGE IN
PROGRESS" and press "ESC" again. The following will be shown:
> V i s u a l i z a t I o n
E n d o f S u r V e y
N e w S u b s u r V e y
U t i l i t y
Shift the selection arrow to "END OF SURVEY" and confirm your selection by pressing "IMMIS"; press "ESC"
to return to the main menu.
"SURVEY"
Access the main menu and shift the selection arrow to "SURVEY", then press "IMMIS" to show the following
selection:
> W i t h o u t s t O r a g e
W i t h s t o r a G e
Shift the selection arrow to "With Storage" and press IMMIS; the following message will appear:
> E x e c u t i o n
S e t u p
BABUC will prompt the operator to "Set" a Survey or "Execute" a Survey with the logic of the last setting
executed. Shift the selection arrow to "Set-up" and press "IMMIS". The following clock setting mask will
appear: (BABUC/M ONLY)
0 0 / 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0
S y s t e m d a t e / t i m e
d d / m m / y y h h : m m : s s
- - / - - / - - - - : - - : - -
The BABUC/M model is equipped with an internal clock without buffer batteries.
Each time the instrument is switched on for a survey or to print, the clock must be reset. Insert the date/time
and press IMMIS. A screen mask will appear for programming the start and duration of the Survey.
n n / n n / n n n n : n n
d d / m m / y y h h : m m
S t a r t : 0 0 / 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 : 0 0
D u r a t i o n : 0 0 0 0 0 : 0 0
x = current date and time
n = current date and time
y = duration in hours of the set survey
By leaving the values on their respective zero settings the operator selects manual start and unlimited
duration of Survey. The manual survey started is mode is performed with the command "EXECUTION" while
it is stopped with the "END SURVEY" command. If instead, date and/or time of survey start are specified, the
instrument will start and finish the survey when requested.
The maximum programmable duration is 999 days.
After completing the selections, press "IMMIS" and the following screen will appear:
I n s e r t p r o b E s
f o r c h e c k i n G
> C h e c k
E x i t
Press "IMMIS" to carry out the "CHECK" and wait approx. 10 seconds.
C h . i n u s e : R a t e s
x y h h : m m : s s
The list shows the number of the input (x) to which the sensors are connected, the name of the relative
parameter (y) and the acquisition rate assigned to the sensor in question.
By pressing the "Right arrow" key you can display the number of the operative sub-code for access to the
SYSTEM -> MOD.PARAM. menu (see part 4 : MODIFY CODE PARAMETERS, ACQUISITION RATES).
Pressing "IMMIS" will cause the following message to appear:
D o y o u c o n f I r m
c o n n e c t e d p R o b e s
N O
> Y E S
M e m o r y a v a i L a b l e
c o m p u t e d
D a y s x x x
H r s x x : x x : x x
BABUC thus displays its available memory capacity for a measurement based on the set duration and
acquisition rates. Press "IMMIS" and the following message will be shown:
> A c c e p t c o n F i g
S h o w a c q . R a t e s
S e t a c q u i s I t . r a t e S
The MINIMUM ACQUISITION RATE is the shortest time passing between an acquisition and
the following one. The Babuc minimum acquisition rate is 1 second multiplied for the number of
LOGICAL CHANNELS +1 (Battery Value)
Ex.: When we connect the psychrometric probe BSU102 to the Babuc, the minimum acquisition
rate is 5 seconds.The BSU102 probe, occupies two channels of the Babuc, but the display
visualizes:
1. Ta (Environmental temperature)
2. tuvf (wet bulb temperature)
3. R.H. (relative Humidity)
4. TPR (dwe point temperature)
5. Battery Value.
A c q u i s i t i o n
s e t u p O K
At this point the operator can now start the survey he has just programmed.
Press "IMMIS" and BABUC will return to the selection below:
> E x e c u t i o n
S e t u p
The operator has the choice of executing the survey, resetting it or returning to the main menu by pressing
"ESC". The set-up parameters are stored in EEPROM memory so that they will remain available even after
the instrument has been switched off.
EXECUTION
"EXECUTION" starts the previously programmed survey.
S u r x x x / x x x I n p r o g r .
d d / m m / y y h h : m m
S t a r t :
E n d
"BABUC" checks the sensors to ascertain whether they correspond to the sensor type and position set at the
last "survey setting" executed. If the check result is negative, an error message will appear. (SURVEY
ERROR : PROBES DO NOT CORRESPOND). If the check result is positive, BABUC starts the measurement
and displays a screen mask with the following information:
- survey and sub-survey number
- survey "In progress", i.e. acquisition has begun, or survey "Activated", i.e. BABUC is awaiting the
programmed time before starting.
- current date and time.
- date and time to start the survey
- survey duration.
The survey will continue for the entire programmed duration. However, it may be stopped manually at any
time using the "END OF SURVEY" option.
"END OF SURVEY"
To end the survey, return to the following mask:
S u r x x x / x x x I n p r o g r .
h h : m m
S t a r t :
E n d
Press "ESC":
> D i s p l a y
E n d o f S u r V e y
N e w S u b s u r V e y
U t i l i t y
Shift the selection arrow to "END OF SURVEY". If you are performing a measurement with memory storage,
confirm your choice by pressing "IMMIS". Press "ESC" to return to the main menu.
S u r v e y w i t H o u t
S t o r a g e i n p r o g r e s s
Or, if the survey is performed with the storage facility, the mask shows:
S U r x x x / x x x I n p r o g r .
d d / m m / y y h h : m m
S T a r t :
E N d :
> V i s u a l i z a t I o n
E n d o f S u r V e y
N e w S u b s u r V e y
U t i l i t y
> S y n t h e t i c D a t a
S t a t i s t i c a L d a t a
R e s e t s t a T i s t i c s
During the measurement, if BABUC is set to calculate the derived parameters, the list of the
standard parameters from which they derive can be displayed in the Standard quantities menu.
> S y n t h e t i c D a t a
S t a t i s t i c a L d a t a
R e s e t s t a t I s t i c s
S t a n d a r d q U a n t i t i e s
With the "SYNTHETIC VISUALIZATION", BABUC displays all the instantaneous values, for
example :
1 T 2 3 . 5 4 " C
2 U R 7 8 . 6 8 %
4 T " C *
I n s x x x . x x
M i n x x x . x x
M a x x x x . x x
A v e x x x . x x
D S t x x x . x x
D i f x x x . x x
Press the right arrow key and the mask will become:
4 T e m p e r a t U r e *
I n s z z z z z z Z / y y y y y y y
M i n d d / m m / y y h h : m m : s s
M a x d d / m m / y y h h : m m : s s
A v e d d d / h h : m m : s s
D S t
D i f h h / m m / s s
Press the left arrow key will restore the previous mask.
Press "PgUp" or PgDn" to change the channel being displayed.
During statistical displays you can scroll the screen using the "down arrow" and "up arrow" keys. Display the
other channels with "PgUp" or PgDn" and stop the statistical calculation by pressing the "F2/-" key. The "F2/-"
key can be pressed before entering the statistical display function. In this case, when you enter the statistical
display mode the computation will not start until the operator presses "F2/-".
Blocking the screen will not stop any data storage operation in progress.
During the display, the operator can press "ESC" to restore the current screen mask for "SURVEY IN
PROGRESS".
n n C O U N i m p / m n *
I n s N N N N N N
M a x N N N N N N
T o t N N N N N N
1 0 C O U N t e r *
I n s z z z z z z Z / y y y y y y y
M a x d d / m m / y y h h : m m : s s
T o t G G G h h : m m : s s
n n P *
I n s N N
N r S N N N N N N
N r N N N N N N N
4 P r e s e n c e *
I s t z z z z z z Z / y y y y y y y
N r Y h h H h h : m m : s s
N r N h h H h h : m m : s s
T e m p e r a t u r E
G r a v i t y
A t m . P r e s s U r e
A l t i t u d e A S L
L a t i t u d e
L o n g i t u d e
R o o m v o l u M e
> P i p e d i m e N s i o n s
L i g h t s o u r C e d i s t .
Press IMMIS
P i p e d i m e n . . ( c m )
C I R C U L A R ( d ) : 0 0 0
R E C T A N G U L A R : 0 x 0
P I P E F A C T O R : 1 . 0 0 0
Before measuring the values for use in the thermal conductivity calculation, the following functions are
programmed into BABUC:
- Normal measurement or measurement for calculation of the thermal conductivity
- Use of regular or reduced formula
- Number of heat flow measuring points
- Delta T value between internal temperature and external temperature. (can be set from 1 to 20C)
- Calibration factor for sensor BSR240. (see CALIBRATION FACTOR in Part 4)
N o r m a l S u r V e y
> K F a c t O r S u r v e y
Press IMMIS
K F a c t o R M e A s u r e m e n t
> R e g u l a r F o R m u l a
R e d u c e d F o R m u l a
K F a c t o R s U r v e y
m e a s u r i n G p O i n t s : _
( T a I n t - T A E x T ) > 1 0 C
- Enter the number (N=) of BSR240 probes which will be connected to the instrument after having set
the calibration factors of each sensor. (see Calibration Factor)
- Enter the minimum Delta temperature value (int. temp./ext. temp.) forecast for the measurements.
(default 10C)
Press IMMIS
K F a c t o r P r O b e M a p
1 : T A i n t
2 : T A e x t
3 : F L X 1
Connect the sensors to BABUC following the instructions supplied with the instrument. Where:
TA int. = internal air temperature probe
TA ext. = external air temperature probe
FLX = flowmeter probe BSR240
Tsint. = internal wall surface temperature probe
Tsext. = external wall surface temperature probe
Press IMMIS
> W i t h o u t s t O r A g e
W i t h s t O r a G e
The instrument is now set up to take measurements for the thermal conductivity calculation.
To continue, follow the instructions given in points 6, 7 and 8 of this chapter.
Moreover, when in addition to the BST230 an air temperature probe is connected, mounted at 110 cm from the
floor, BABUC shows, and in case stores (if a survey with storage is in progress), the following values:
- Percentage of dissatisfied by vertical temperature difference (PDv) InsodTeVert
See: Part 4 Analytical description: Calculation percentage of dissatisfied due to vertical temperature
difference
When connected the Net radiation probe BSR231, and a probe of air temperature, BABUC shows and in
case calculates (if a survey with storage is in progress), the following values:
- Environmental air temperature in C
- Net Radiation RadNET
- Radiant asymmetry temperature TeAsimRADiant
- Percentage of dissatisfied due to radiant asymmetry (PDp InsodTeAsRad)
For calculating the percentage of dissatisfied for radiant asymmetry, the operator has to indicate to the
instrument the axis on which he is doing the measurements:
- Horizontal axis (ceiling-floor)
- Vertical axis (wall-opposite wall)
This information is set in SYSTEM>DISSAT.RAD.ASYMM.
If the Kodak printer LSI LASTEM model "BAT100" is used, the following parameters should
be set :
After connecting BABUC to the serial input port of the printer using the cable provided (mod.BSH110),
Warning: For printers, do not use cable BSH100 with 9/25 pin adapters
Survey
"Survey" is the function by means of which BABUC acquires, displays and stores data with
various different logic and procedures. Measurement can be performed with storage or without
storage. In both cases the acquired data can be displayed. Measurement without storage is the
default so if the operator requires data storage he must make the relevant setting.
During the Survey, you can select the options in the "UTILITIES" and "COMMUNICATION"
menus.
"K" Factor
Survey
The K Factor survey is the function that is used to set all the options to perform a survey to
calculate the wall or surface thermal conductivity factor. When BABUC is connected to wall-
mounted contact flowmeters (BSR240) and air and contact temperature probes, it displays and
stores a set of parameters relative to the K factor.
Comm.
"Communication" is the function that is used to change the communication options between
BABUC and PC or printer. The options are the following:
- Transmission speed (see "BIT RATE" in part 4)
- Messages regarding the communication protocol (see "PROTOCOL INFOS" in part 4)
- Protocol ID (See "PROTOCOL ID" in part 4)
Files
"Files" signifies the set of data stored during the surveys. The "Files" option enables the operator
to obtain certain information on available storage space and to delete unwanted information:
- Storage space available (see "MEMORY AVAILABILITY" in part 4).
- Index of stored surveys (see "SURVEY INDEX" in part 4)
- Deletion of the last stored survey (see "DELETE LAST SURVEY in part 4).
- Deletion of all stored surveys (see "DELETE ALL SURVEYS" in part 4).
Utilities
The "Utilities" menu consists of the operations controlling the functioning of the instrument that
do not directly concern the "Survey". They are the following:
- setting date/time of the system (see "SYSTEM DATE/TIME" in part 4).
- available storage space (see "MEMORY AVAILABILITY" in part 4).
- battery voltage (see "BATTERY VOLTAGE" in part 4).
- error management (see "ERROR MANAGEMENT" in part 4).
- beeper setting (see "BEEPER" in part 4).
- setting keyboard protection (see "KEYBOARD PROTECTION" in part 4).
- setting display automatic switch-off (see "DISPLAY BLANKING" in part 4) (BABUC/A only)
- Serial number version
System
In the "System" menu, all settings regarding the connected sensors and memory are executed.
In particular:
- modification of the acquisition, actuation time and engineering parameters.
(see "MODIFY PARAM. CODES" in part 4)
- amplifier calibration (for LSI LASTEM engineers only)
- setting of standard parameters for certain tasks (see "STANDARD PARAMETERS" in part 4)
- setting calibration factors for radiometer and flowmeter calibration (see "CALIBRATION
FACTOR" in part 4)
- selection of the use of differential barometers (see "USING DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
SENSORS" in part 4)
- setting transfer time of non-volatile memory (see "STATIC MEMORY TRANSFER" in part 4)
- setting the acquisition rate multiplication factor (see "M FACTOR" in part 4).
- select the temperature to use for calculating the DR index - Draught Rate (see CALCULATION
DR INDICE in part 4)
- setting the calculation index Percentage of dissatisfied by radiant asymmetry see
CALCULATION INDEX OF DISSATISFIED DUE TO RADIANT ASYMM. In part 4)
- Deciding whether or not to use the 4 Vdc channel (see USE +-4 VOLT CHANNEL
in part 4)
- Deciding whether or not to store the battery values (see BATTERY STORAGE in part
4)
Example: The operator wishes to carry out an 8-hour Survey acquiring two different parameters, with an
acquisition rate of 10 seconds for both. Assuming that BABUC indicates that, according to its
calculations, available storage space will be filled in 4 hours. In accordance with the information
requirements of the Survey, the operator has three courses of action:
- Equal sampling spread over the two values, setting value 2 for the "M" factor defining the multiplication
coefficient for acquisition rates.
- Assigning a rate, slower than the other rate used, to the less important parameters, by means of the
MODIFY PARAM. s/Codes option.
- Create memory space by deleting a part of the resident data after having generated a hard copy
(printout) or backing up the files by uploading them to a PC.
The instrument takes one second to acquire data at each input, therefore the minimum rate that can be
assigned to each sensor is the number of sensors connected expressed in seconds. This minimum
rate is automatically selected by BABUC for Surveys without storage.
Example: The fastest possible acquisition rate is 1 second if only one sensor is connected, 2 seconds for
two sensors, ten seconds for 10 sensors, and so on.
System
Example: Assume that the psychrometric sensor is programmed to acquire data every 10 minutes, and
that its actuation time is 1 minute. This means that 1 minute before the tenth minute elapses, the fan
motor is turned on and stays on until the sensor has acquired the relevant datum. If the operator sets an
"actuation" time that is longer than the "ACQUISITION RATE", BABUC will drive the motors continuously.
Rilievo
BST101, BST102, BST104, BST105, BST107, BST116, BST118, BST120, BST122, BST127, BST201,
BST216, BST218, BST301, BSU102, BSU104, BSU106, BST101, BST102, BST104, BST105,
BST107, BST116, BST118, BST120, BST122, BST127, BST201, BST216, BST218, BST301, BSU102,
BSU104, BSU106, BSU400, BSU401, BSU402, BSU403, BSU402.1, BSU403.1, BSU431.
System
BATTERY STORAGE
The battery voltage value can be stored to evaluate the efficiency of the charge.
This option can be selected. The voltage values are stored in channel no. 12 (BABUC/A), channel 7
(BABUC/M) and can be printed or transferred to a PC like any other logic channel.
Utilities
BATTERY VOLTAGE
By means of the "BATTERY VOLTAGE" option, BABUC will report the charge level and percentage of
its internal battery. The values are updated on the data visualization masks in relation to the acquisition
rate of the Battery channel (Sub-code no. 111). The battery voltage can be stored by using the option
SYSTEM-> BATTERY STORAGE.
Under normal conditions battery power must be within the following ranges:
Instrument fitted with rechargeable batteries: 6 to 9 Volt.
Instrument fitted with alkaline batteries: 5.8 - 7 Volt.
The battery compartment is located at the rear of the instrument and can be opened by loosening the
screw located on the right-hand side of the power plug (BABUC/A) or by removing the compartment
(BABUC/M).
Protection against reduced voltage and/or power failure during a Survey is based on the following logic:
1) If the battery voltage drops, for more than three acquisitions, below:
- Instruments with rechargeable batteries: 6.5 Volt, BABUC stops the survey; the survey is
restarted automatically using a higher sub-Survey number when voltage returns to above 7.5
Volt
- Instruments with alkaline batteries: 5.8 Volt, BABUC stops the survey; the survey will be
restarted automatically using a new sub-Survey number when voltage returns above 7 Volt.
2) If, in the meantime, voltage has dropped still further to below:
- Instruments with rechargeable batteries: 6 Volt, BABUC switches off and will automatically start
a new survey when voltage returns to above 7.5 Volt.
- Instruments with alkaline batteries: 5.3 Volt, BABUC/M switches off permanently and cannot
restart automatically. BABUC/A is able to switch on automatically when the voltage returns to
above 6.5 Volt, in which case it will start a new survey.
If battery voltage falls below the factory thresholds, the instruments will generate an error message that
must be removed with the "Error management" procedure.
Attention : BABUC/A is fitted with rechargeable batteries (standard); the batteries are recharged by
connecting the instrument to the mains by using the power pack (model BSC010). BABUC/M is fitted
with non-rechargeable batteries (standard); when the voltage is insufficient the batteries must be
replaced with new ones (Duracell MN1604 6LR61 9 Volt).
BEEPER
The "Beep" indicating each valid keystroke on the BABUC keyboard can be enabled or disabled with
the "BEEPER" option.
See also: "VISUALIZATION"
Comm.
BIT RATE
During communication between BABUC and PC, or BABUC and printer, the transmission speed
between the two systems must be identical, i.e. the same bit rate (1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200 bps).
The bit rate is set on BABUC by using the "Bit rate option.
Survey
Since the pipe and union speed cross section is often complex, the Ashrae Handbook reports a
Pipe Factor, i.e. the ratio between the average instantaneous air speed and maximum air speed
measured in the center of the pipe. This Pipe factor is 2/3 and 1/2 for, respectively, rectangular and
circular rigid pipes. The Pipe Factor can be programmed on BABUC (from >0 to 1). It is particularly
useful in fixed installations where it is possible to correlate the average speed through the pipe with
the speed measured in the measurement point.
BABUC uses the temperature value from the air temperature probe connected into the nearest input of
the anemometer probe to calculate the mass air delivery.
(see: Part 4 Analytical display : AIR TEMPERATURE PROBES CODES.)
Survey
Survey
It considers that, the occupants of an environment can have a localized discomfort if the floor
temperature (measured by the probe BST230) , is too warm or too cold. The index (PDp) defines the
percentage of dissatisfied for this reason and it is calculated considering picture 3 of the pharagraph
5.3 of the ISO7730.
Survey
System
If the operator connects two temperature probes, BABUC will consider the measure acquired with the
probe put on the input preceding the one where the turbulence probe is connected. If the operator has
two turbulence probes, BABUC will use always the same temperature.
Rilievo
[1] Defintion and formulas according to the UNI-EN27726, official version of the EN27726 (ed. 1993).
The radiant asymmetry probe BSR231, through the measure of its temperature and of the net radiation,
allows the calculation of the radiant temperature asymmetry tpr along a space direction, and of the
Percentage of dissatisfied by radiant asymmetry (see RADIANT ASYMMETRY DISSATISFIED
PERCENTAGE CALCULATION). The air temperature can be measured from one of the probes listed
in Part 4 Analytical display : AIR TEMPERATURE PROBES CODES.).
Along the survey the instrument calculates, visualizes and stores (if programmed) the following
quantities:
RNETT
t pr =
4 (t n + 273.15) 3
Where:
RNETT = net radiation in W/m2
W
is the constant of Stefan-Boltzman 5.67 *10 8 2
4
m *K
tn =Plain radiant temperature (tpr ): it is the uniform temperature of a cavity where the radiation,
influencing a face of a little plain element, is the same present in a non uniform real environment.
The tn coincides, as a first approximation, with the T temperature of the sensitive element. To
improve the approximation, considering the thermal conduction phenomena in the air, in Babuc an
expression is used, considering the air temperature. In this way you obtain a tn measure nearer
to the correct one (TPRM) . The instrument calculates TPRM by a formula obtained from the
mean radiant temperature (see reference [1] appendix B), using the globethermoeter adding the
values experimentally obtained
[
tn = ( tc + 273,15) + 0.4 * 10 8 * tc ta
4 1/ 4
* ( tc ta ) ]
1/ 4
273,15 + ( tc ta ) * tc ta
0.57
Where:
Ta = environmental air temperature in C
Tc = temperature of the radiometer black element in C
The tn is described in UNI-EN27726 at C.1.2 see reference [1]. Moreover, using the SETUP
module of the InfoGAP program, it is possible to set the calculation of the following quantities:
Survey
The WBGT index is mentioned in the ISO7243 (Hot environments - Estimation of the heat
stress on working man, based on the WBGT-index). It can be used in case of hot
environments in order to evaluate the thermal stress.
The Indoor WBGT formula is: WBGT = 0.7 Tnw + 0.3 Tg (C)
where Ta is the air temperature, Tnw and Tg are the natural ventilation wet temperature measured by
BSU121 and the globotemperature measured by BST131
Survey
Rilievo
If it is enabled the calculation SYSTEM -> DLF calculation, it calcualtes, shows and stores (if a
survey with storage is performed), the derivated quantity Daylight Factor
This factor, initially appeared on the Circular of the Ministry of Public Services n. 3151 dated
22/05/1967, and then confirmed by the L.D. issued by the Ministry of Health on 05/07/1975
regarding the sanitary requirements of the living rooms; according to the same circular it can be
defined by the following calculation formula:
E
= Ratio in % = * 100
E0
Essential condition to perform a measure is, indeed, the presence of a sky uniformously covered
because, in general, the limits indicated from the law are always referred to that condition. The
survey operation implies, possibly, the use of two luxmetres, so to measure the external luminance,
Eo, contemporarily to the internal one, E. The value of the luminance E of the environment internal
point, is made up of three components: the contribution due to the portion of sky seen through the
window, the contribution due to the multiple reflections happening inside the environment. The
global daylight factor can be, thus expressed as ratio between the internal environment luminance
and the external environment luminance, Eo. The ratio is then multiplied
per 100 to transform it in % .
The heat sensation is mainly due to a series of factors, among which, the air temperature
and the relative humidity. In sultry weather conditions, indeed, the sweat produced by the
organism to lower the body temperature cannot evaporate in the sorrounding environment
because already saturated. In these conditions, and without the cooling contribution of
the sweat, the body temperature tends to get higher with the possibility of heat strokes in
case certain extreme values are overloaded. So, an heat index has been created to
underline the temperature felt by the body instead of the real one. For example, with a
temperature of only 29 C and a humidity level of 70% the human body feels 34C. It is
possible to note how, at any temperature with 90% of humidity, the risks for an organism
are very high, and go from a heavy fatigue with breath difficulties to a possible heat stroke
or sunstroke. In case of low humidity, instead, the sensation felt by the organism, can also
be lower than the real temperature. For example, with a humidty level of only 10%, 38C
will be perceived as only 36C.
With the heat index calculation, the Heat stress index can be calculated with the following table:
Heat index Discomfort Exposition description
description on
BABUC
Less than 27 0 = null No risks
degrees
Between 27 and 1 = light Possibile fatigue, heat cramps
31 degrees
Between 32 and 2 = medium Strong fatigue, breath difficulties
39 degrees
Between 40 and 3 = strong Possibile heat stroke, sunstroke
54 degrees
More than 54 4 = extreme Heat stroke highly probable
degrees
The UV index expresses the intensity of the solar ultraviolet radiation. This index is internationally
adopted so to transmit to the population information about the possible health damages (skin and
eyes), in case certain levels are surpassed.
The UV index expresses the dangerousness of solar radiation during the solar noon (maximum
elevation of the sun over the horizon), and coincides, in clear days, with the maximum level of
ultraviolet radiation.
The UV index can assume values from 0 to 12; increasing values of the UV index express increasing
risks to the solar exposure.
The values quoted in the below tables are about the relative times of exposition suggested to
avoid damages; they have to be considered indicative, being, indeed, referred to skin exposed to
the sun for the first time during the season, unprotected by creams and that still do not have
developped a certain natural resistance to the UV radiation; for already tanned skins, these times
can be doubled.
Survey
sterad = 1 (steradian)
d = distance of light source. Inserted in SYSTEM -> STANDARD PARAMETERS -> DISTANCE TO
LIGHT SOURCE = 0 m (default). If d=0 the parameter is not calculated, and therefore is not
displayed or stored.
Files
Utilities
Utilities
Survey
END OF SURVEY
A Survey may have programmed or unlimited duration. In the first case, the message "Survey
executed" will appear upon completion of programmed measurement. Press "ESC" and end the
measurement using the "End Survey" option, confirming your selection. In the second case, the
operator must stop measurement using the "End of Survey "option and confirming the selection.
System
ENGINEERING PARAMETERS
This function is used for the linear conversion of output data values.
Modify the limits of the state or presence sub-codes (73, 78, 79, 80)
The operator can program the interval limits of the logic state signal (max. amplitude 0+300 mV)
and set the threshold above and below which it switches itself.
Example
STATE OFF : + 00000.000 ( it accepts a value from 0 to 150 and displays NO on the screen)
STATE ON : + 00300.000 (it accepts a value from 150 to 300 and displays YES on the screen)
THRESHOLD : + 00150.000
Survey
EXECUTION
The data acquisition stage with storage is started by using the "EXECUTION" option.
BABUC will respond in accordance with the values selected in the "SET-UP" option.
Remember that if "EXECUTION" is activated without going through "SET-UP", it is not possible to
check if memory space is adequate. When available memory space is exhausted, BABUC will display
and record an error message that must be recognized and removed by means of the function: UTILITY
->ERROR MANAGEMENT->DISPLAY->DELETE, in which one or more memory-resident surveys
must be erased. If the Survey is programmed for a delayed start, BABUC will wait for the starting
date/time, displaying the message "Survey Started". The instrument will not acquire data in this state
but awaits the programmed time before starting acquisition.
Utilities
ERROR MANAGEMENT
While operating, BABUC can indicate any problems by displaying the flashing message "ERROR".
To display the type of problem concerned, open the "ERROR MANAGEMENT" option and select
"DISPLAY". The operator can eliminate the error message, but not the cause of the problem, by
selecting the "ELIMINATE" option. At this point, the operator should eliminate the cause of the problem
and then cancel the error message in UTILITIES-ERROR MANAGEMENT-DELETE.
See part 5 "Error Messages" for the meaning and solution of all possible errors.
Example
If BABUC, while measuring, indicates that battery voltage is inadequate, the operator must
power the instrument from the mains. This operation will increase voltage to the correct
level, but the low battery message will remain stored until the operator eliminates it with the
"Eliminate" option. Even if it is switched off, BABUC will continue to store the error
message until it is eliminated.
System
CALIBRATION FACTOR
Many radiometric sensors have a non-standard output. BABUC allows the operator to assign a
calibration coefficient that can be determined for up to 10 radiometers.
The operator must initialize each radiometer being used with a number from 1 to 10 and match that
number with its output in mV/Watt/m (shown on the radiometer's calibration certificate).
During the "SET-UP" operation, when requested by BABUC, the operator must insert the identification
number of the radiometer used, in the defined input.
Example
The operator wishes to connect a non-amplified radiometer.
The calibration certificate indicates that the radiometer output rating is 0.013
mV/Watt/m.
The operator must:
- define the radiometer in question with number 01.
- input 01 in the "CALIBRATION FACTOR" option and press IMMIS.
- input 0.013333 and press "IMMIS" (the decimal point is generated with the OFF
END key)
During the "SET-UP" stage, the operator connects the radiometer in any of BABUC's
"non-dedicated" inputs (e.g. no. 3). BABUC will ask which radiometer is connected to
input no. 3, the operator will set no.01.
GRAPHIC PRINTOUTS
Information available in tabular form can also be printed in graphic form (with the exception of
standard deviation). The graph bar is split into three areas indicating the minimum, mean and
maximum value of each process. Putting as Elaboration Time the value 00:00:00 BABUC will print
a single bar corresponding to the whole survey
Printouts
Survey
INTERNAL TEMPERATURE
When connected to a thermocouple type of temperature probe, BABUC displays its internal
temperature in the visualization masks.
In fact, there is a temperature sensor (Ni100) inside BABUC which is used for thermocouple probes for
cold joint compensation.
The internal temperature value is controlled like any other measured parameter and thus can be stored
when a survey is performed with storage
KEYBOARD PROTECTION
A facility is provided for protecting the instrument against tampering by unauthorized persons during
surveys: a password is input to disable the keyboard without, however, blocking the measurement.
To carry out this operation, select the "Keyboard protection" option and input a number. This number
must be entered twice before BABUC will accept it. The display will show the message "KEYBOARD
PROTECTED WITH PASSWORD..." the keyboard will remain locked in this way until operator keys-in
the previously entered password, when prompt "INPUT PASSWORD" appears. If the operator forgets
the password, he will have to remove the batteries to reactivate the instrument.
K FACTOR MEASUREMENT
When BABUC is connected to a known set of sensors, it can measure the overall thermal
conductivity (K factor) of either walls or materials. This parameter is used in the construction
industry to check the heat insulation of buildings and surfaces in general. It makes this by
measuring the amount of heat flowing (heat loss) from the inside to the outside of a room. BABUC
makes use of formulas which take into account the surface temperatures of the walls (internal and
external surfaces) and the air temperature (internal and external). The instrument can display and
store all the measured values. The K factor can be calculated by choosing one of two different
formulas: a reduced formula and a regular formula. The reduced formula, though slightly less
accurate, allows heat flow () measurements to be taken at several points. It also allows BABUC/
M measurements to be taken since the number of inputs available on this model is insufficient to
cover the needs of the regular formula sensors. The reduced formula is only used in the case of
markedly stable conditions that the operator must verify (very high int./ext. air temperature
differences, stable temperatures). Depending on which BABUC model is used, it is also possible to
measure heat flows ()at several points on the same wall. Making full use of all the available inputs,
the measuring potential of the various BABUC models thus becomes:
The positions in the inputs of the sensors involved in the calculation are fixed and can be described
as follows:
Inputs: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Sensors: Tai tae 1 2 3 4 5 6
The necessary inputs are used according to the number of measurement points defined, while the
remainder can be used for the BABUC normal measurement logic.
The absence of sensors connected to the inputs required by the formula or the presence of non-
programmed sensors at these inputs means that the calculations cannot be executed.
Calculation formulas
a) Regular formula:
1
Kglob= ---------------------------
1 1 1
------ + ------- + ------
| Ki | | Ke | | Kp |
b) Reduced formula:
||
Kglob= --------------------------
| tae - tai |
Kglob: Overall thermal conductivity factor from one fluid (air) to another through the wall.
||
Ki: Internal surfaceinternal air thermal conductivity factor= ----------- W/(m2K)
| tai-tsi |
||
Ke: external surfaceexternal air thermal conductivity factor= --------- W/(m2K)
tae-tse
||
Kp: Thermal conductivity factor of wall material= ----------- W/(m2K)
| tsi-tse |
: Heat flow through the wall (Wm-2)
tai: Internal air temperature (C) tae: External air temperature (C)
tsi: Internal wall surface temperature (C) tse: External wall surface temperature (C)
Files
Utilities
MEMORY AVAILABILITY
The storage space in the BABUC memory (EEPROM) is indicated in free bytes (b.) out of total bytes
and as a percentage. BABUC/A is provided with a standard memory capacity sufficient for 20,000
samples (64K), 50,000 samples (128K) and 110,000 samples (256K), whereas BABUC/M has a
memory capacity for 5,000 samples (32K). Each Kbyte of memory consists of 1024 bytes. BABUC
uses approximately 20 Kbytes for its operating program. BABUC is capable of storing every "sample",
(every individual acquisition), in 3 different types of facilities: Char, Word, Float.
Each sensor can have an independent type of storage. "Word" is the default setting for each channel
and can be modified with the INFOGAP ADVANCED SETUP module to increase or decrease the
number of samples that can be stored in the memory, or to memorize data with greater or lesser
resolution.
Example : If the user wishes to store temperatures greater than 327C with a Pt100 probe
you must set the memory type for the sub-code of that particular sensor to "Float". In fact,
up to 327.65C can be stored in the "Word" mode but beyond this temperature you will
have to change to the Floating point mode and you will lose the last decimal place.
This modification is performed on the PC using INFOGAP ADVANCED VERSION software and is 3333
is in progress; the decrease in bytes can be seen in real time by using the option UTILITY ->
MEMORY AVAILABILITY.
M FACTOR
M Factor is the Default multiplication number of all acquisition rates active in the "Set acquisition
rates" option in the Set-up procedure. During the "Set-up" stage the operator can always multiply the
acquisition times by other values of M. The acquisition rate of the channel dedicated to the battery is
set and cannot be changed with the M factor.
System
Examples
1) The operator decides to modify the operation parameters applicable to sensor LSI
LASTEM-mod.BST110. He searches for the corresponding operation code (n21) in the
"Quick reference table" for LSI LASTEM sensor codes. In the "Sensor and signal class
operating codes table" he now looks for "Op.Code 21", which corresponds to sub-code
"S/code" no.13. At this point he opens the "Modify parameters s/codes" option, positions
the cursor on no. 13, and modifies the parameters..
2) The operator is using Psychrometric probe BSU101.
In the quick reference table he finds the probe operating code (no. 11). In the "Sensor
and signal Operating Codes" table he looks for "Op. Code no. 11" and its relevant
"S/code":
- Dry temperature with forced ventilation (no. 1)
- Humid temperature with forced ventilation (no. 2)
- Relative humidity (no.151)
- Dew point (no.152)
The operator must input the same acquisition and enabling rates for each sub-code.
You can also find a sub-code also by pressing the "right arrow" key in the "LIST OF
ACTIVE CHANNELS screen during the Survey "Set-up" stage.
This function is used for the linear conversion of the output data values.
Note: the symbol "-" (negative) is set by using the A key in the first box of the line.
The decimal point is set using the "OFF END" key
The settings are saved in the EEPROM memory and will remain unchanged as soon as the next time
the operator chooses to modify them.
Survey
NEW SUB-SURVEY
The operator can start a new Survey having the same number as the preceding one but with a different
sub-number. This may become necessary when the operator wishes to group together all the Surveys
of a certain type (e.g. executed in a given location) using the same Survey numb., but with a different
sub-Survey numb.. While the Survey is in progress, go to "New sub-Survey", press IMMIS to confirm
your selection, and start the new sub-Survey, pressing any key (except ON).
Example
The operator has started Survey no. 002/001 and wishes to carry out a Survey in another
point of the room. He must select "New Sub-survey" and confirm the selection - when
confirmed, sub-Survey 002/001 will end. The operator can now move the sensors and,
when everything is ready, he can start Survey no. 002/002 by pressing any key.
Printouts
Comm.
PROTOCOL INFORMATION
While uploading data from BABUC to PC, the operator can display serial line activity by selecting the
"Protocol information" option. When the serial line is active, a series of numbers will scroll on the
display with the following meaning:
Tx: information transmitted by BABUC. Rx: information received by BABUC.
Frm: quantity of "packets" transmitted or received.
CAR: quantity of "characters" transmitted or received
This option is particularly useful for deciding whether possible communication failures are caused
by BABUC or by the system connected to it.
Comm.
Survey
RESET STATISTICS
While statistics are being displayed, it is possible to reset the statistics count with the "Reset Statistics"
function. Do this by positioning the cursor on "RESET STATISTICS" and confirming your selection or
press F1/.
Example
To display data in a statistical format, enter Visualization, choose the "Statistics" display and press
"IMMIS". Values for time elapsed since the start of the survey or since the last "Reset Statistics"
operation will be displayed. If the operator wishes to reset the statistics display, he must press "ESC",
shift the cursor to "RESET STATISTICS" and confirm the selection.
Survey
SET-UP
The "SET-UP" stage of a Survey with storage is used to set and check the parameters that enable a
Survey to be executed:
- start date/time and duration of Surveys with storage (see Survey start/duration)
- selection of type of radiometer for connection (see Calibration factor)
- programming acquisition rates (see Reset Acquisition Rates)
- selection of Survey or sub-Survey number. (see Survey/sub-Survey number).
Utilities
SYSTEM DATE/TIME
BABUC/A is equipped with a clock that is self-powered by rechargeable batteries with a duration of one
year. The clock enables the instrument to store the date and calendar in its memory. BABUC/M is
equipped with a non self-powered clock, therefore data must be set each time the instrument is
switched on. To reset or modify the date and time of the clock, use the "System date/time" function.
The date/time cannot be modified when the survey is in progress.
STANDARD PARAMETERS
BABUC can perform some specialized calculations. In addition to the values acquired from the probes,
these calculations also need some parameters that can be inserted by the operator. One example is
the calculation of the pipe delivery which requires the air speed value acquired from the probe and the
pipe geometry (standard parameter) inserted manually by the operator.
There are other parameters which require standard parameters. One example is the operation of Pitot
tube anemometers. In this case air speed measurement is influenced by temperature and height
above sea level at which the differential pressure is measured; or in case of use of the CO2 gas
concentration probe (BSO103) the temperature and pressure parameters will counteract the
measurements.
Once standard parameters are set they do not change and they reside in the EEPROM memory. They
can be changed only if they are used to calculate the derived parameters within the VISUALIZATION
mask. They are:
- temperature (default 25C)
- gravity (default 9.806 G)
- atmospheric pressure (default 1013.25 mB)
- height above sea level (default 0 m)
- Latitude (default 45 N) set to switch from N to S or vice versa.
- Longitude (default 9.00 E) set to switch from E to W or vice versa.
- Room volume m
- Pipe dimensions cm (Circular/Rectangular/Pipe factor)
- Light source distance
Atmospheric pressure and altitude are correlated according to the following formula, which assumes
that air temperature remains constant at different altitudes. The formula also disregards changes in
gravitational acceleration "g" since the changes with respect to altitude are insignificant.
P = Po * e-ay
Where:
P = Pressure at various altitudes(hPa)
Po = Pressure at sea level (hPa) = 1013.25 hPa
e = neper number (2.718281828)
a = Multilication factor proportional to air density at sea level temperature (K) and earths
gravitational field (standard value = 9.80665)
y = Height above sea (Km)
System
SURVEY INDEX
The "Index" function provides information on all Surveys stored in the BABUC memory:
- Survey and sub-Survey number - Date-time of Survey/sub-Survey "Start"
- Date-time of Survey/sub-Survey "End" - Dimensions in bytes of the Survey/sub-Survey
Use the right and left arrows to skip to the first or last Survey listed.
Printouts
SURVEY START/DURATION
During the "SET-UP" phase it is possible to program the start and duration of the Survey as follows:
Start: immediate or delayed to a given date/time. Duration: unlimited or defined (maximum 999 days
and 23.00 hours). During these functions, BABUC indicates its memory time availability for the Survey
in question. If necessary, the operator may optimize memory availability by modifying the acquisition
rate or deleting other surveys from memory.
Examples
1) At 14.00 hours the operator starts the procedure of a programmed Survey with delayed
start at 15.00 hours and duration of 5 hours. BABUC executes the procedure displaying
the following messages:
- from 14.00 to 15.00 hours: "Survey activated"
- from 15.00 to 20.00 hours: "Survey in progress"
- from 20.00 hours on: "Survey executed".
2) At 14.00 hours the operator enables the execution of a Survey programmed to start
immediately and lasting 5 hours. BABUC executes the procedure displaying the
following messages:
- from 14.00 hours to 19.00 hours. "Survey in progress"
- from 19.00 hours: "Survey executed"
3) At 14.00 hours the operator starts execution of a Survey programmed to start
immediately and of unlimited duration. BABUC executes the procedure and displays
the following message:
- from 14.00 hours on: "Survey in progress"
Survey
Example
The operator has executed and completed Survey no. 020/001; if he does not activate the
"SET-UP" stage, the next Survey will automatically be numbered as 021/001; if the
operator executes a new "Set-up" stage, BABUC will suggest number 02/001 which may
be accepted or modified.
During a Survey, it may be necessary to subdivide it into sub-surveys. To carry out this operation, the
operator must activate the "New Sub-survey" option; the Survey activated in this manner will have the
same number as the preceding one but will bear the successive Sub-survey number.
Example
The Survey started is number 020/001; the operator decides to change the measuring
location by moving the sensors; in this case, instead of "Survey end" it may be preferable
to activate a new sub-Survey. The sub-Survey started in this manner will be automatically
assigned with the number 020/002.
If battery voltage drops below a safety threshold during a survey, BABUC stops the survey and
automatically re-starts it using a higher number when power returns to the correct value.
Printouts
System
System
Sistema
When a theristor air speed sensor is connected, Babuc shows and records:
Air speed
Air temperature
Relative humidity.
Air speed measurement with a thermistor sensor is temperature and pressure dipendent:
temperature is directly measured by the temperature sensor on board (repentine
temperature changes acquired from the probe require a set time from 5 to 30 seconds,
depending of the temperature delta occurred);; atmosferic pressure must be set on Babuc
in the menu SYSTEM -> STANDARD PARAMETERS -> ATM. PRESSURE (default 1000
mBar); if the atmospheric pressure is not available, you can set the height of the site in
the menu SYSTEM -> STANDARD PARAMETERS -> HEIGHT (default 115 m).
Thermistor air speed sensor was calibrated from factory at 1000 mBar. If no pressure is
set on Babuc, there would be a 0.1 % of error for any mBar of difference between real
atmospheric pressure and Babucs setting pressure (default 1000 mBar).
Survey
VISUALIZATION
The "Display" option is used to display the data being acquired by the instrument.
Depending on the type of sensor connected, BABUC displays the values measured with different logic
in relation to the physical type of parameter: Generic sensor, Impulse sensor, Logic state sensor. Two
display modes are available: synthetic and statistical. The "Synthetic" display mode consecutively
shows all instantaneous values relayed by the connected sensors. A longer description exceeding
screen limits can be viewed by pressing the "right arrow" and "left arrow" keys. In addition, a flashing
indicator will be activated when the statistical computation is in progress. The "Statistical data" display
mode of generic sensors shows the following data for each sensor:
- instantaneous value
- maximum value* with date and time
- mean value*
- minimum value* with date and time
- standard deviation*
- the difference between the last two instantaneous values
- the number of acquisitions since the start of the Survey
- the number of acquisitions since the last "STATISTICS RESET".
- time elapsed from the start of Survey or from the last "STATISTICS RESET".
- the real acquisition rate
The "Statistical data" display mode of impulse sensors shows the following data for each sensor:
- instantaneous value (impulses/minute)
- maximum value (impulse/minute) with date and time*
- Total impulses*
- the number of acquisitions since the last "STATISTICS RESET".
- time elapsed from the start of Survey or from the last "STATISTICS RESET".
The "Statistics" display mode of a Logic state sensor shows the following data for each sensor:
- instantaneous value of the logic state
- Number of YES and total of the YES time
- Number of NO and total of the NO time
- the number of acquisitions since the last "STATISTICS RESET".
During Surveys "with storage", values are updated on the display at a speed equal to the acquisition
speed of the specific sensor connected.
During Survey "without storage", data are updated at a speed in seconds equal to the number of
sensors connected.
Example: Assuming the operator has 5 sensors connected, each with an acquisition rate of
1 minute: for Surveys with storage the display is updated every minute, while for Surveys
without storage, the display is updated every 5 seconds.
If key "F2/-" is pressed while statistical display is in progress, you can stop and restart the calculation
and display of statistical values. This operation will not interrupt data storage (if this function is set).
Example: To measure the flow rate of a pipeline for a time unit of one minute:
- select "Statistical display"
- press "F2/-"
- perform a statistics reset and open the statistical display mode again
- when the instantaneous value is representative, press "A to start statistical computation
- press the "down arrow" to view the mean value and press the "right arrow" to show the
clock
- wait one minute and then press F2/- to stop the statistical computation.
Survey
WITH STORAGE
BABUC may be used as a display/storage instrument or simply as a display unit only.
In the "Survey" function, the first request made by the instrument is whether the measurement to be
carried out requires data storage or not. Subsequent requests for instructions will depend on this first
selection, as follows:
See also: "MEMORY AVAILABILITY, ACQUISITION RATE, RESET ACQUISITION RATE, EXECUTION"
datum not An unrecognizable program error has Same procedure as for the write
found: occurred. It may have been caused timeout error.
* either by an operation fault in the
microprocessor or in the dynamic
memory (RAM). Some data items in the
static memory may be incorrect.
high acquisition Reading frequency of the connected Increase the ACQUISITION RATE
frequency: sensors exceeds instrument capacity. either with the appropriate
Minimum rate is one second for each multiplication factor (SET-UP) or
connected sensor, so if 5 channels are modify the ACQUISITION RATE for the
created, none can have an sensor (SYSTEM - MODIFY
ACQUISITION RATE of less than 5 PARAMETERS).
seconds.
Survey The Survey setting procedure has not Start a new "SET-UP" stage.
not set been completed correctly due to an
correctly: error or because the user has
abandoned the operation. No
measurement should be started under
these conditions, because the
measurement setting data are incorrect
or insufficient.
data memory The dynamic memory (RAM) reserved Set a shorter data transfer time
insufficient: for temporary storage of data read by (SYSTEM -TRANSF. STATIC
the sensors is insufficient. MEMORY) or make the acquisition
times of the connected sensors
multiples across the sensors. In this
manner the instrument uses less
memory to create a data block to
transfer to the static memory.
memory full: The current Survey or the last one Eliminate the error with the appropriate
* executed has attempted to store the menu option. Before starting a new
acquired data in excess of the space Survey, eliminate one or more Surveys
available in the static memory. This has from the memory (Files-Delete Last-All)
resulted in loss of data. However, the
resident data remains perfectly valid.
incorrect The instrument is protected by a If the password was input by the user
password: password against unauthorized use. but is no longer valid, the only way out
of this state is to cut off power to the
instrument by disconnecting the internal
batteries. If a measurement is in
progress, the instrument will lose only
information not yet backed up in the
static memory. In other cases no data
will be lost. If the password was not
input by the user, this means that the
operator is in a section of the program
protected by LSI LASTEM. Contact LSI
LASTEM for approval to proceed.
selected The selected period is incorrect Input the two dates again correctly.
period is because the first date or time input does
incorrect: not precede the second one.
pointer Indicates that, following incorrect writing Proceed as for the write timeout error.
error: of data in the static memory, one or
* more information items are invalid.
If the sensor to be connected has characteristics (analytical description of the parameter, electric
output signal, text, unit of measurement) that are similar to one of the sensors already described in
the Operating Code Table (Part 8), do the following:
1) Consult the "Operating Code Table" (Part 8) and find the operating code (Op. Code) of the
sensor that reports the physical-electrical characteristics and the type of treatment that is closest
to the one required (texts, parameters, measurement field, engineering).
2) Measure the value of the corresponding rated recognition resistance.
3) Connect the wires from the sensor and any power supply (6-9 Vdc) of the sensor associated to it
to the connection terminal board, as well as the recognition resistance (RR), as indicated in the
drawing on the next page.
4) If necessary, open the "SYSTEM -> MODIFY PARAM. S/Cod." menu and select the sub-code
(Op. S/Cod) corresponding to the operating Code (Op. Code) identified in point 1. If necessary,
modify:
- Acquisition rate (see ACQUISITION RATE in Part 4)
- Actuation rate (see ACTUATION of the Sensor Part 4)
- Engineering parameters (see "Engineering parameters " in Part 4)
5) Connect the sensor to one of the physical inputs corresponding to the type of sensor signal. The
sensor will be recognized by the instrument and treated accordingly.
It is possible to change other parameters, relative to a previous code, that cannot be modified
directly on BABUC, by using the SETUP module on the PC of the InfoGAP Advanced software
version.
A new operating Code can be created by using the SETUP module on the PC of the InfoGAP
Advanced software version.
1) Assign the Operating code selecting it from one of the first 10 codes (Op. Code) of the
Operating Code Table (Part 8) for analogueue sensors and the code (Op. Code) 159 for
impulsive sensors.
2) Measure the value of the corresponding rated recognition resistance.
3) Connect the wires from the sensor and any power supply (6-9 Vdc) of the sensor associated to it
to the connection terminal board, as well as the recognition resistance (RR), as indicated in the
drawing on the next page.
4) Operate on the InfoGAP Advanced version SETUP module to create the operating Sub-code
(max. 3 : 109, 110, 111).
5) Connect the sensor to one of the physical inputs corresponding to the type of sensor signal. The
sensor will be recognized by the instrument and treated accordingly.
1) Direct connection on an RS232 serial line: the distance between the two systems must be no greater than
15 m; it is possible to use a BSH100 cable (L = 4 m).
2) Direct connection on an RS485 serial line: BABUC/A can be supplied with an RS485 serial line; in this
case you can use either the BSH105 cable (L = 10m) for an RS485 serial connection, or, for distances
greater than 10 m, a system consisting of a terminal board (BSH919) installed on BABUC and a two-wire
cable. In any event the connection must be made to the RS485 port on the PC.
BABUC/M does not have a standard RS485 output; if you wish to make an RS485 connection use an
adaptor (RS232 -> RS485) in the RS232 output connection of the instrument. The adaptor will be
connected, by means of a two-wire cable, to an RS485 -> RS232 converter installed on the PC.
3) Connection of several BABUC instruments in series via an RS485 line: you can connect up to 32
BABUC/A units in series. In this case the instruments will be connected by means of a system consisting
of two terminal boards (BSH919) on the instruments themselves and a cable installed by the operator. The
last BABUC unit in the network will be connected to the RS485 port of the PC. The distance between the
PC and the last BABUC unit in the network must be not greater than 500 m.
4) Connection by modem/telephone line: one or more BABUC unit(s) can be connected to the PC over a
modem link. In this case each BABUC unit will be connected to its modem by means of cable (BSH109).
If it is necessary to modify the acquisition rate, actuation or engineering parameters for an LSI LASTEM probe,
find the commercial code of the relevant sensor in the LSI LASTEM sensor operating code quick reference
table. Each commercial code is associated with an operative code.
In the table of Operating codes for sensor and signal classes, given the operating code (Op.Code), it is
possible to find the sub-code of the sensor (S/Code) that must be called in the SYSTEM -> MODIFY PARAM.S/
code menu.
Oper Recognition S/ Analytical description of value Full text on print-out Unit Def. Def. Range of Default
Cod. resistance op acq. act. measure In ->out parameters
Nomin. Min cod Physical-electrical type,reference standard,applicationN Text sec. sec Input Output
151 - Psychrometric relative humidity calculation, ISO 7726 21 RelHUMidity % 10 0 100%
152 - Dew point calcultation. ISO 7726 19 TeDewPoint C 10 -50 + 1 50 C
153 - Mean radiant temperature ISO 7726 11 TeMeanRadiant C 10 -50 + 150
154 - Partial vapour pressure calculation, ISO7726 43 PressParzVapor hPa 10 0 + 1000 hPa
155 - Planar asymetric radiant temperature calculation, ISO7726 13 TeAsymRadPlan C 10 -50 + 150C
156 - Mean planar radiant temperature calculation, ISO 7726 13 TeMeanRadPlan C 10 -50 + 150C
157 - Wall temperature calculation 1, ISO 7726 14 TeWall1 C 10 -50 ... + 1 50 C
158 - Wall temperature calculation 2, ISO 7726 14 TeWall2 C 10 -50 ... + 1 50 C
159 - Air speed calculation by Pitot tube 35 VelAIRabsolute m/s 10 0 109,0 m/s Param1 0 Param3 0
Param2 250 Param4 250
160 - Generic (Integrating meter into the interval of acquisition) 53 CouNTeRPart Nr 2 2 0 999999 Param1 0 Param3 0
Par.2 999999 Par.4 999999
161 - Generic (Integrating meter from the start of the survey) 72 CouNTeRTotal Nr 2 2 0 999999 Param1 0 Param3 0
Par.2 999999 Par.4 999999
162 - Wind direction 39 DirWIND < 5 0 360
163 -
164 - Dew point calcultation. ISO 7726 19 TeDewPoint C 10 -50 + 150 C
165 -
166 - WBGT int calcultation ISO 7243 95 WBGTInt C 10 -50 + 150 C
167 - WBGT ext calcultation ISO 7243 96 WBGTExt C 10 -50 + 150 C
168 - Air delivery volume calculation 98 AirDELiveryVol m3 /s 10 Variable
169 - Air delivery mass calculation 99 AirDELiveryMas kg/s 10 Variable
Cod.sensore Cod/Op Cod.sensore Cod/Op Cod.sensore Cod/Op Cod.sensore Cod/Op Cod.sensore Cod/Op Cod.sensore Cod/Op
SensorCode Op/Cod SensorCode Op/Cod SensorCode Op/Cod SensorCode Op/Cod SensorCode Op/Cod SensorCode Op/Cod