PROBLEM SET 1

ES 13 THV
Take note of the coverage of the first long exam.
Lecture Objectives Suggested
Meeting
Topic (After the Lecture, the student must be able to do the
No. Problems
following)
Class Policies

1 Review of Statics
Equations of Equilibrium & Shear and
Bending Moment Diagram
Introduction to the Concept of Stress 1.54, 1.98 (Hibbeler)
1. Identify the relationship of force, area of application
Normal Stress and Centric Loading and stress developed from the previous quantities
2 1.8; 1.55; 1.60
Shear Stress 2. Identify & calculate the different stresses developed
(Beer)
in a member/part of a structure
Bearing and Punching Stress
Strain Concepts 1. Determine the strains caused by stresses
2. Identify how materials react when stressed within the 2.3, 2.19 (Hibbeler)
Normal Strain Elastic Limit
3. Determine the limitations of the Hooke's Law 2.26, 2.81-82
Shear Strain 4. Understand the Stress-Strain Diagram for Axial (Beer)
3 Loading
Material Properties
The Stress-Strain Diagram and Hooke's
Law 1. Determine how strains affect one another 3.16, 3.22
Strain Energy 2. Describe the General Form of the Hooke's law (Hibbeler)
Poisson's Ratio & Generalized Hooke's 3. Understand the stress-strain diagram for Shear stress
Law 4. Determine the allowable stresses for a given Factor of 2.63
Shear Stress-Strain Diagram & Hooke's Safety and vice versa (Beer)
4
Law for Shear
Allowable Stresses and Factors of Safety
Stresses and Deformations Arising from Axial Axial Loading:
Loading 4.45, 4.59 (Hibbeler)
Axial Deformation Formulae from Statics
5&6 1. Derive the Axial Deformation Formulae 2.40, 2.41
Analysis of Statically Determinate Axially 2. Apply the Axial Deformation Formula Correctly (Beer)
Loaded Members 3. Determine the stresses and/or strains caused by
Temperature Effects, Thermal Stress change in temperature Thermal:
4. Design/Analyze statically determinate/indeterminate, 4.86, 4.93 (Hibbeler)
axially loaded members (with the use of suitable
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded compatibility equations) 2.49, 2.60
7 (Beer)
Members

1st Long Exam

ES 13 Mechanics of Materials 1 of 5 UP College of Engineering

 Problem 1 Member A of the timber step joint for a truss is
subjected to a compressive force P(kN) as shown in Figure 2. The
ultimate stress of the steel material used in the hanger rod C is
470 MPa while the maximum shear stress in wood B is 30 MPa.
Determine the maximum allowable force P if the Factor of
Safety against failure by shearing of B is 3 and the Factor of
Safety against failure by fracture of C is 2.5. The steel rod C has
a diameter of 10 mm and the wood B has a width of 30 mm.
Note: Neglect bearing of rod C on wood B.

Problem 2.1 At the proportional limit, a 200 mm gage length of a 15 mm diameter alloy bar has
elongated 0.90 mm when a 58.4 kN axial load was applied. At a load of 70 kN the same material
ruptures with a total elongation of 2.0 mm. Determine the following properties of this material:
[Assume the plastic region being linear]
a. The proportional limit.
b. The modulus of elasticity.
c. Modulus of resilience
d. Approximate modulus of toughness.
e. Assuming the material is initially unloaded. Determine the permanent deformation acquired by
the material if a load equivalent to 40 kN is applied then unloaded.
f. Assuming the material is initially unloaded. Determine the permanent deformation acquired by
the material if a load equivalent to 60 kN is applied then unloaded.

Problem 2.2 Load P is applied at end A of rigid bar ABDH. This

causes normal strains of 0.008 and 0.003 for wire BC and bar
DE respectively. The connection at D has a 0.5 mm clearance.
The angles at F and G are both 45o.

(a) What is the displacement of point B?

(b) What is the new length, in mm, of bar DE?
(c) What is the shear strain of point E on tip of plate
EFG?
(d) What is the normal strain on side EF of the
triangle?

ES 13 Mechanics of Materials 2 of 5 UP College of Engineering

PROBLEM 3 The data shown in the accompanying table were obtained from a tensile test of high-
strength steel. The test specimen had a dimater of 0.505 in and a gage length of 2.00 in. At fracture,
the elongation between the gage marks was 0.12 in and the minimum diameter was 0.42 in.
Plot the conventional stress-strain curve for the steel and determine the proportional limit,
modulus of elasticity (i.e., the slope of the initial part of the stress-strain curve for the steel and
determine the proportional limit, modulus of elasticity (i.e., the slope of the initial part of the stress-
strain curve), yield stress at 0.1 % offset, ultimate stress, percent elongation in 2.00 in, and percent
reduction in area.

Load (lb) Elongation (in)

1,000 0.0002
2,000 0.0006
6,000 0.0019
10,000 0.0033
12,000 0.0039
12,900 0.0043
13,400 0.0047
13,600 0.0054
13,800 0.0063
14,000 0.0090
14,400 0.0102
15,200 0.0130
16,800 0.0230
18,400 0.0336
20,000 0.0507
22,400 0.1108
22,600 Fracture

ES 13 Mechanics of Materials 3 of 5 UP College of Engineering

PROBLEM 4 The main cables of a suspension bridge [see part (a) of the figure] follow a curve that is
nearly parabolic because the primary load on the cables is the weight of the bridge deck, which is
uniform in intensity along the horizontal. Therefore, let us represent the central region AOB of one of
the main cables [see part (b) of the figure] as a parabolic cable supported at points A and B and carrying
a uniform load of intensity q along the horizontal. The span of the cable is L, the sag is h, the axial rigidity
is EA, and the origin of coordinates is at midspan.

(a) Derive the following formula for the elongation of cable AOB shown in part (b) of the figure:

3 162
= (1 + )
8 32

(b) Calculate the elongation of the central span of one of the main cables of the Golden Gate Bridge, for
which the dimensions and properties are L = 4200 ft, h = 470 ft, q = 12,700 lb/ft, and E = 28,800,000 psi.
The cable consists of 27,572 parallel wires of diameter of 0.196 in.

Hint: Determine the tensile force T at any point in the cable from a free-body diagram of part of the
cable; then determine the elongation of an element of the cable of length ds; finally, integrate along the
curve of the cable to obtain an equation for the elongation .

ES 13 Mechanics of Materials 4 of 5 UP College of Engineering

PROBLEM 5 Three steel cables jointy support a load of 12 k (see figure). The
diameter of the middle cable is in. And the diameter of each outer cable
is in. The tensions in the cables are adjusted so that each cable carries
one-third of the load (i.e., 4 k). Later, the load is increased by 9 k to a total
load of 21 k.

(a) What percent of the total load is now carried by the middle cable?
(b) What are the stresses M and O in the middle and outer cables,
respectively?

PROBLEM 6 The structure shown is subjected to a

concentrated force P as shown and an increase in
temperature of 90 C. The material and section
properties are provided in Table below. The steel and
bronze rods are fixed at one end while the aluminum bar
and the other end of the steel bar is attached to a rigid
plate. The aluminum and bronze bar is separated by a 0.2
mm gap. Determine the maximum allowable force P
such that the allowable stresses will not be exceeded.

Properties Steel Aluminum Bronze

Area (mm2) 300 1000 3500

E (GPa) 200 70 83

(1/C) 9x10-6 25x10-6 21x10-6

all (MPa) 90 50 66

ES 13 Mechanics of Materials 5 of 5 UP College of Engineering