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electricalengineeringportal.com/deltastartransformerconnectionoverview
10/7/2012
GETransformerdeltastarnameplate
DeltaStarConnectionofTransformer
Inthistypeofconnection,theprimaryconnectedindeltafashionwhilethesecondarycurrentisconnectedin
star.
Themainuseofthisconnectionistostepupthe
voltagei.e.atthebeginingofhightension
transmissionsystem.Itcanbenotedthatthereisa
phaseshiftof30betweenprimarylinevoltageand
secondarylinevoltageasleading.
DeltaStarConnectionofTransformer
Phaseshiftof30betweenprimarylinevoltageandsecondarylinevoltage
Keypoints
1.Asprimaryindeltaconnected:
2.Linevoltageonprimaryside=PhasevoltageonPrimaryside.
3.NowTransformationRation(K)=SecondaryPhaseVoltage/PrimaryPhaseVoltage
4.SecondaryPhaseVoltage=KXPrimaryPhaseVoltage.
5.AsSecondaryinStarconnected
6.LinevoltageonSecondaryside=3XPhasevoltageonSecondaryside.So,
7.LinevoltageonSecondaryside=3XKXPrimaryPhaseVoltage.
8.LinevoltageonSecondaryside=3XKXPrimaryLineVoltage.
9.Thereiss+30Degreeor30DegreePhaseShiftbetweenSecondaryPhaseVoltagetoPrimaryPhase
Voltage
AdvantagesofDeltaStarConnection
CrosssectionareaofwindingislessatPrimaryside:
Onprimarysideduetodeltaconnectionwindingcrosssectionrequiredisless.
UsedatThreephasefourwireSystem:
Onsecondaryside,neutralisavailable,duetowhichitcanbeusedfor3phase,4wiresupplysystem.
NodistortionofSecondaryVoltage:
Nodistortionduetothirdharmoniccomponents.
HandledlargeunbalancedLoad:
Largeunbalancedloadscanbehandledwithoutanydifficulty.
GroundingIsolationbetweenPrimaryandSecondary:
AssumingthattheneutraloftheYconnectedsecondarycircuitisgrounded,aloadconnectedphasetoneutralora
phasetogroundfaultproducestwoequalandoppositecurrentsintwophasesintheprimarycircuitwithoutany
neutralgroundcurrentintheprimarycircuit.
Therefore,incontrastwiththeYYconnection,phasetogroundfaultsorcurrentunbalanceinthesecondarycircuit
willnotaffectgroundprotectiverelayingappliedtotheprimarycircuit.Thisfeatureenablespropercoordinationof
protectivedevicesandisaveryimportantdesignconsideration.
TheneutraloftheYgroundedissometimesreferredtoasagroundingbank,becauseitprovidesalocalsourceof
groundcurrentatthesecondarythatisisolatedfromtheprimarycircuit.
HarmonicSuppression:
Themagnetizingcurrentmustcontainoddharmonicsfortheinducedvoltagestobesinusoidalandthethird
harmonicisthedominantharmoniccomponent.Inathreephasesystemthethirdharmoniccurrentsofallthree
phasesareinphasewitheachotherbecausetheyarezerosequencecurrents.IntheYYtransformerconnection,
theonlypathforthirdharmoniccurrentisthroughtheneutral.
IntheYconnection,however,thethirdharmoniccurrents,beingequalinamplitudeandinphasewitheachother,
areabletocirculatearoundthepathformedbytheconnectedwinding.Thesamethingistruefortheotherzero
sequenceharmonics.
GroundingBank:
Itprovidesalocalsourceofgroundcurrentatthesecondarythatisisolatedfromtheprimarycircuit.Forsuppose
anungroundedgeneratorsuppliesasimpleradialsystemthroughYtransformerwithgroundedNeutralat
secondaryasshownFigure.ThegeneratorcansupplyasinglephasetoneutralloadthroughthegroundedY
transformer.
Letusrefertothelowvoltagegeneratorsideofthetransformerasthesecondaryandthehighvoltageloadsideof
thetransformerastheprimary.Notethateachprimarywindingismagneticallycoupledtoasecondarywinding.
Themagneticallycoupledwindingsaredrawninparalleltoeachother:
Throughthesecondtransformerlaw,thephasetoground
loadcurrentintheprimarycircuitisreflectedasacurrent
intheACsecondarywinding.Noothercurrentsare
requiredtoflowintheACorBCwindingsonthe
generatorsideofthetransformerinordertobalance
ampereturns. Magneticallycoupledwindings
EasyRelayingofGroundProtection:
ProtectiverelayingisMUCHeasieronadeltawyetransformerbecausegroundfaultsonthesecondarysideare
isolatedfromtheprimary,makingcoordinationmucheasier.Ifthereisupstreamrelayingonadeltawye
transformer,anyzerosequencecurrentcanbeassumedtobefromaprimarygroundfault,allowingverysensitive
groundfaultprotection.
Onawyewye,alowsidegroundfaultcausesprimarygroundfaultcurrent,makingcoordinationmore
difficult.Actually,groundfaultprotectionisoneoftheprimaryadvantagesofdeltawyeunits.
DisadvantagesofDeltaStarConnection
Inthistypeofconnection,thesecondaryvoltageisnotinphasewiththeprimary.Henceitisnotpossibletooperate
thisconnectioninparallelwithstarstarordeltadeltaconnectedtransformer.
Oneproblemassociatedwiththisconnectionisthatthesecondaryvoltageisshiftedby300withrespecttothe
primaryvoltage.Thiscancauseproblemswhenparalleling3phasetransformerssincetransformerssecondary
voltagesmustbeinphasetobeparalleled.Therefore,wemustpayattentiontotheseshifts.
Ifsecondaryofthistransformershouldbeparalleledwithsecondaryofanothertransformerwithoutphaseshift,
therewouldbeaproblem.
Applications
Commonlyusedinastepuptransformer
Asforexample,atthebeginningofaHTtransmissionline.Inthiscaseneutralpointisstableandwillnotfloatin
caseofunbalancedloading.Thereisnodistortionoffluxbecauseexistenceofaconnectionallowsapathforthe
thirdharmoniccomponents.
Thelinevoltageratiois3timesoftransformerturnratioandthesecondaryvoltageleadstheprimaryoneby
30.Inrecentyears,thisarrangementhasbecomeverypopularfordistributionsystemasitprovides3,4wire
system.
Commonlyusedincommercial,industrial,andhighdensityresidentiallocations
Tosupplythreephasedistributionsystems.
Anexamplewouldbeadistributiontransformerwithadeltaprimary,runningonthree11kVphaseswithnoneutral
orearthrequired,andastar(orwye)secondaryprovidinga3phasesupplyat400V,withthedomesticvoltageof
230availablebetweeneachphaseandanearthedneutralpoint.
UsedasGeneratorTransformer
TheYtransformerconnectionisuseduniversallyforconnectinggeneratorstotransmissionsystemsbecauseof
twoveryimportantreasons.
Firstofall,generatorsareusuallyequippedwithsensitivegroundfaultrelayprotection.TheYtransformerisa
sourceofgroundcurrentsforloadsandfaultsonthetransmissionsystem,yetthegeneratorgroundfaultprotection
iscompletelyisolatedfromgroundcurrentsontheprimarysideofthetransformer.
Second,rotatingmachinescanliterallybe.