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Life Cycle Analysis & Carbon

Footprint of Jute and similar
products

Ritwik Chakraborty
Scientist, Biochemistry Division
Indian Jute Industries Research Association
2nd September, 2016
Venue: IJIRA Conference Room
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Agenda

Carbon Footprint & GHG Emission

Why is LCA required for Jute products?
LCA and its key components
Issues highlighted by stakeholders in The Jute Life Cycle
Discreet Studies on LCA
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Greenhouse Gas Management

Whats Why do we need How to manage

Greenhouse Gas? to manage it? it?
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What is Greenhouse Gas?

Greenhouse Gases have properties to trap heat in the earths
atmosphere
Major types of greenhouse gases:
CO2 CH4 N2 O
Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxide

Other major greenhouse gases: HFC, PFC, SF6 (under Kyoto

Protocol)
Greenhouse effect:
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Major sources of Greenhouse Gas

Source: GHG Protocol

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Carbon Footprint

Carbon footprint is a quantitative

evaluation of the amount of
Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emitted by
any defined anthropogenic activity in
the atmosphere.
In practice the Carbon Footprint is
expressed in tonnes of CO2 equivalent,
considering the Global Warming
Potential of each gases
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Global Warming Potential of GHGs

Global warming potential (GWP) for given
Chemical Lifetime time horizon
Gas name
formula (years)
20-yr 100-yr 500-yr

Carbon
CO2 3095 1 1 1
dioxide
Methane CH4 12 72 25 7.6
Nitrous
N2O 114 289 298 153
oxide
CFC-12 CCl2F2 100 11 000 10 900 5 200
HCFC-22 CHClF2 12 5 160 1 810 549
Tetrafluoro
CF4 50 000 5 210 7 390 11 200
methane
Hexafluoroe
C2F6 10 000 8 630 12 200 18 200
thane
Sulfur
hexafluorid SF6 3 200 16 300 22 800 32 600
e
Nitrogen
NF3 740 12 300 17 200 20 700
trifluoride
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Concentration of GHGs
Pre-1750 Recent Absolute
Gas name tropospheric tropospheric increase
concentration concentration since 1750
Carbon dioxide 280 ppm 395.4 ppm 115.4 ppm
Methane 700 ppb 1893 ppb 1193 ppb
Nitrous oxide 270 ppb 326 ppb] 56 ppb
CFC-12 527 ppt
HCFC-22 231 ppt

Sulfur hexafluoride 7.79 ppt

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Emission statistics
Country Total Total Total Total GDP- Per Per GHG CO2
GHG CO2 CH4 N 2O PPP Per capita capita Emission Emission
Emission Emission (MtCO2e (MtCO2e capita GHG CO2 excludin excludin
excluding excludin ) ) ($) Emission Emission g LUCF g LUCF
Land Use g LUCF excludin excludin per each per each
Change & (MtCO2) g LUCF g LUCF GDP- GDP-
Forestry (tCO2e) (tCO2) PPP PPP
(MtCO2e) (tCO2e/ (tCO2/mi
million $ llion $
GDP) GDP)
India 3013.77 2075 626 268 4967 2.44 1.68 490.65 337.85

USA 6235.10 5122.91 657.12 269.46 50585 10.86 16.32 1050.12 415.57

EU (28) 4399 3610 427 280 34488 8.77 7.20 254 209

China 10975.50 931253 914 566.65 10756 8.13 6.89 755 641

World 44815.54 33843 7154 3045.4 13284 6.36 4.81 479 361.8

Source: World Resource Institute, Washington, D. C.

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How to measure Carbon Footprint

Organization Project Life cycle

Carbon
carbon carbon carbon
neutrality
footprint footprint footprint
PAS 2050 carbon
Greenhouse gas footprint of product
protocol Greenhouse gas and services
corporate protocol for project
accounting & accounting (Upcoming)
reporting standard ISO14067 carbon footprint of PAS 2060
product part 1, quantification specification for
the demonstration
GHGP Product Life of carbon
Cycle Standard neutrality
ISO14064 part 1 ISO14064 part 2
Specification for Specification for
GHGP Corporate
organizations projects
Value Chain (Scope
3) Standard
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Importance Of Carbon Footprint Management

Climate change and business corporations
European Union: Reduce total GHG emission by 80% by
2050
United States: Reduce total GHG emission by 17% from
2005 levels by 2020
Corporations need to keep growing business while
reducing GHG emissions
Increased
environmental
awareness

Corporations need to Consumers are

disclose GHG emissions interested in low-
performance carbon concepts
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Initiatives across the globe

LCA and supply chain initiatives

1. LCA of Bio-plastics
2. LCA of man made cellulose fibre
3. Life cycle product carbon footprint- PAS
2050:2008 standard
4. Business Supply chain plays a key role in
greening all aspects of a product life cycle
including carbon management
5. Water footprint for cotton life cycle
6. The environmental impact of the
production of hemp and ax textile yarn
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Why is LCA required for Jute products?

Extolling the eco-friendliness of jute in line with international

standards - a key to ecolabel and carbon footprint initiatives

Effective Marketing Communications through verifiable claims for

competitive advantages

Driving Performance Improvements building an ecological

database for jute across geographies

Meeting Stakeholder Expectations on a wide array of

environmental, energy, carbon and water attributes

Complying with and anticipating legislative requirements

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What is LCA?
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a
comprehensive environmental accounting
tool with well-established procedures and
methods that are governed by specific rules
and standards, most notably those
developed by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO).

What can be done with LCA?

Product or project development and
improvement
Strategic planning
Public policy making
Marketing and eco-declarations
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International Standards for LCA

ISO 14040 and 14044: principles and framework for life cycle
assessment (LCA)
ISO 14024 and ISO 14025: environmental labels and declarations
WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol Product Life Cycle Standard
UK Public Access Standard 2050 (PAS 2050): Specification for the
assessment of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and
services, 2008.
ISO 14067: The ISO 14067 standard is designed to become a two-part
international standard for product and service carbon footprints and
carbon labels
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LCA key components

Goal & Scope Definition
What is the purpose of the LCA and who is the audience?
Inventory Analysis (LCI)
What is the function & functional unit?
Where are the boundaries?
What data do you need?
What assumptions are you making?
Are there any limitations?
Impact Assessment (LCIA)
What are the environmental impats?
Interpretation
Ways to reduce environmental impacts.
What conclusions can you draw from the study?
What recommendations can be made?
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Selecting system boundary: know your

strength and focus accordingly
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System boundary
Non/renewable
Resources,
Energy, Chemicals Phase I: Cultivation of jute
fibre (Agricultural or
Cradle to Gate Phase),
Transportation
retting

Phase II: Processing of

Jute Fibre into products
Reuse and (Gate to Gate Phase) Transportation
Recycling
Phase III: Use and disposal
of Jute and Jute products
(Gate to Grave Phase)
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Data collection

Map the entire process to capture data

Wherever possible, LCA practitioners use existing data contained in
databases rather than create new data. There are public Life Cycle
Inventory (LCI) databases, which are typically free, and private
databases that typically charge fees.
Success of study depends on the quality of data
The potential impact on the results is often studied by sensitivity
analyses on the key inputs and outputs
Consolidation and consistency checks of data are crucial to ensure
data integrity and quality.
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Modelling study

Data can be entered either

Directly into the LCA software packages (e.g. TEAMTM, GaBi,
SimaPro, etc.) or
A simplified Excel sheet.
A computer model is set up to allow for the calculation of
environmental flows of inputs and outputs and categorize them into
impact categories.
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GHG Emission Comparison among

Natural Fibres (kgCO2e/tonne of fibre)
Hemp Flax Jute Kenaf

835 798 766 767

NOVA Institute Report: Carbon footprint and sustainability of

different natural fibres for biocomposites and insulation purpose
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GHG Comparision (Cradle-to-Exit Gate)

350
GHG Emission (GJ/t of fibre)

300
250
200
150
100
50
0
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TERI Study: Mid-point Impact Category

Photoc Partic
Impa Clim Ozon Terres Freshw Marine Hum hemica ulate Terre Fresh Mari Ionis
ct ate e trial ater eutrop an l strial water ne ing
categ chan deple acidifi eutroph hicatio toxic oxidant matter ecoto ecotox ecoto radia
ory ge tion cation ication n ity formati format
ion xicity icity xicity tion
on

kg kg kg kg kBq
Unit CO2 CFC- kgeq
SO2 kg P eq kg
kg N eq 1,4- NMVOC PM10 kg 1,4- kg 1,4- kg 1,4- U235
DB eq DB eq DB eq
eq 11 eq DB eq eq eq

Jute
(7 1.286 2.025 1.052E- 3.129E- 2.581E- 2.072 3.953E- 3.263E- 7.796E 5.052E 4.770E 3.380
reuse E-01 E-09 03 04 04 E-02 04 04 -05 -04 -04 E-03
s)

HDP
E
(3 1.580 8.486 1.993E- 3.773E- 2.605E- 8.393 5.635E- 5.853E- 2.214E 1.232E- 1.166E 2.826
E-01 E-10 03 05 05 E-02 04 04 -06 03 -03 E-03
reuse
s)
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TERI Study: End-point Impact Category

Climat
e Photoche Partic Climat
Huma Ionizi Terrest Freshwa Terres Fresh
Impact chang Ozone mical ulate e Marine
n ng rial ter trial water
catego e depleti oxidant matter change ecotoxic
toxicit radiat acidific eutrophi ecotox ecotoxi
ry Huma on formatio format Ecosys ity
y ion ation cation icity city
n n ion tems
Health

Species/ Species/ Species Species/ Species/y

Unit DALY DALY DALY DALY DALY DALY Species/yr
yr yr /yr yr r

Jute
(7 1.800E- 5.089E- 1.450E- 8.483E- 5.544E 1.019E- 6.099E- 1.176E- 4.347E- 8.404E-
1.542E-11 1.390E-11
reuses 07 12 08 08 -11 09 12 11 13 14
)

Human Health Damage: 2.794E-07 Ecosystem Quality Damage: 1.051E-09

HDPE
(3 2.211E- 1.882E- 5.869E 1.522E- 4.635E 1.252E- 1.156E- 3.336E- 1.060E- 2.056E-
2.197E-11 1.681E-12
reuses 07 12 -08 07 -11 09 11 13 12 13
)

Human Health Damage: 4.321E-07 Ecosystem Quality Damage: 1.267E-09

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Typical Restricted Substances

Amines (Azo Dyes) Chlorinated Phenols

APEO / AP Phthalates
Heavy Metals Formaldehyde
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Banned Aryl Amines (AZO Dyes)

Dyes which liberate the banned amines under
specified conditions of reduction above a limit
of 30 mg/kg may not be used.

EU legislation 2002/61/EC 19th amendment to

76/769/EEC
[Annex XVII of Regulation(EC) No. 1907/2006 of
European Parliament and of the Council (REACH)
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APEO
Requireme EU Regulation : 1000
nt mg/kg
Swedish home textile company : 250 mg/kg
Large UK retailer : 100 mg/kg
European Eco label : not to be
used.
Source EU Directive 2003/53/EC
Reasons for Has hormonal effect (endocrine
restrictions disruptors)
Rapidly degraded to 4-nonylphenol, which
is even more toxic.
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Thank you !
Contact: Ritwik Chakraborty
Cell: 09748218720
E-mail: ritwik@ijira.org