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ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp. 318-323
ABSTRACT
In Pelton turbine, the energy carried by water is converted into kinetic energy by providing nozzle at the end of
penstock. The shape of jet affects the force and torque on the bucket and runner of turbine. The nozzle of
circular cross section is commonly used. In this paper attempt has been made to study the effect of four different
jet shapes on the flow and torque characteristics of Pelton turbine runner through numerical simulation.
Keywords - Multiphase flow, jet shape, Pelton turbine, free surface flow, nozzle
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Vishal Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp. 318-323
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Vishal Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp. 318-323
Power output:
2 N T
PO (2)
60
Hydraulic efficiency:
Po
h (3)
Fig. 7: Meshing of stator domain with square inlet PI
IV. INPUT DATA AND BOUNDARY Time step corresponding to 1 runner rotation:
CONDITIONS 60
Stator domain is kept stationary while the t
rotor domain is specified rotational speed of 820 rpm. 360 N (4)
The SST turbulent model given by Menter with
automatic wall function was used as SST model is VI. MESH INDEPENDENCY TEST
able to capture the flow in the region of higher shear In numerical simulation, size of mesh and its
stresses by solving a turbulence based model (k) at quality affects the accuracy of results. The mesh
the wall and k- in the region of bulk flow. independency test was carried out only for circular
In transient analysis, the time step plays a shape of jet. Same mesh size was given for other
vital role. For larger time steps, the efficiency stators. The quality of the mesh was checked to be
decreases and for smaller time steps, efficiency can be within the recommended values of ANSYS CFX. It
predicted well but the computational time increases was found that result becomes independent of stator
drastically. So due to the limitation of computational mesh at 456213 nodes and for rotor, the torque
power, time step corresponding to 1 (2.03210 -4sec) becomes independent of mesh size after 1537618
runner rotation was considered. nodes.
For numerically obtaining solution of a
problem, boundary conditions at inlet and outlet are VII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
required to be defined and the solution of the problem The flow simulation has been carried out at
depends on values given at boundary conditions. In best efficiency point keeping cross sectional area of
present case, air and water with reference pressure of jets constant for each case. The numerical results for
1 atmospheric pressure are taken. Transient flow efficiency are validated with experimental results for
simulation with time step corresponding to l runner circular jet at best efficiency point. The efficiency
rotation has been taken. obtained from numerical simulation for circular jet is
Jet inlet is defined as inlet with water 88.03% which is close to experimental value of
velocity of 30.7 m/s normal to surface. Jet symmetry, 91.5%. The results are analysed for water volume
stator symmetry, rotor symmetry have been defined fraction iso-surfaces, pressure distribution within the
as symmetric type boundary conditions. Periodicity flow domains.
has been applied at both symmetric ends of stator and
rotor. As the flow around impulse turbine is at
atmospheric pressure, opening type boundary
conditions are applied at stator side opening, stator
top opening, rotor side opening and rotor mid opening
with relative pressure of 0 atmospheric. Transient
rotor-stator interface is set between both the domains.
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Vishal Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp. 318-323
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Vishal Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp. 318-323
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Vishal Gupta et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp. 318-323
REFERENCES
[1] L.S. Kotousov, Measurement of the Water
Jet Velocity at the Outlet of Nozzles with
Different Profiles, Transaction of Technical
Physics, Gases and Liquids, Vol. 50, No. 9,
2005, pp 1112-1118.
[2] Perrig, F. Avellan, J.L. Kueny and M.
Farhat, Flow in a Pelton Turbine Bucket:
Numerical and Experimental Investigations,
Transaction of ASME, Vol.128, 2006,pp.350-
358.
[3] Zoppe, C. Pellone, T. Maitre and P. Leroy,
Flow Analysis Inside a Pelton Turbine
Bucket, Transaction of ASME, Vol. 128,
2006, pp.500-511.
[4] Zh. Zhang and M. Casey, Experimental
Studies of the Jet of a Pelton Turbine,
Proceeding of Institute of Mechanical
Engineering, Part A: Journal of Power and
Energy, Vol. 221, 2007, pp.1181-1192.
[5] M. Peron, E. Parkinson, Importance of Jet
Quality on Pelton Efficiency and Cavitation,
Proceeding of International Conference on
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