7/26/2016 PumpsandFans|EnergyModels.

com

BecomeanInstructor Blog About

PumpsandFans
Back
Inordertomoveamass(solids,liquidsorgases)youhavetoapplyan
externalforce(energy).Fluids(gasesandliquids)canbemadetomovefrom
to
saypointAtopointBbycreatingadifferenceinpressurebetweenpointAand Course
pointB.Thedifferenceinpressurebetweenthetwopointsinthe"System"is
requiredtoovercometheresistanceinthesystemfrom(1)frictionfrom
ductworkandpiping,(2)fittingssuchaselbows,valves/pipes,dampers/ducts,
etc.,and(3)equipmentsuchasheatingandcoolingcoils. Course
Mechanicaldevicessuchasfansareusedtomovegasesandpumpsareused
Lessons
tomoveliquids.Themechanicaldevicesaredrivenbyelectricmotors.(Pumps
Pipingand
aresometimesdrivenbydieselorgasenginesasinthecaseofautomobiles).
Ductwork
Fansandpumpsareselectedsothattheywillincreasethepressureofthe Systems
fluidflowingthroughit.Theincreaseinpressuremustbesufficienttodrivethe
Pumpsand
fluidthroughtheterminalunitoroutletwiththegreatestpressuredifference(or
Fans
lossinthesystemuptotheterminaloroutlet).Thequantityoffluidthatthefan
orpumpmustmoveperunittime(CFMorGPM)isthesum(orthe Refrigeration
simultaneouspeaksum)ofthefluidrequiredatalltheterminals.
TimeValue
ofMoney
Work
Workmeasurementwasestablishedarbitrarilyandbytraditioninthesame Lighting
wayaslength,weight,time,heat,temperatureandpressure.InIPunitsaunit (NASA)
ofworkisdonewhen1lbmassisliftedverticallyagainstgravitythrougha
DuctSizing
distanceof1foot.Theunitiscalledfootpound(ftlb).Similarly,when1
Charts&
kilogrammassisliftedverticallyagainstgravitythroughadistanceof1meter
Tables
thentheworkdoneis1kilogrammeter.WorkdoneisForcexDistance.
PipeSizing
1lbweightrestingonasurfaceareaof1squarefootexertsapressureor
Charts
forceof1lbpersquarefoot.Forceispressureperunitarea.IntheFigure
Tables
belowforce,behindapiston,isappliedtoagasinacylinder,movingthe
cylinderacertaindistanceandcompressingthegas.Soworkhasbeendone. BOILERS
TheFigureshowsthattheworkdoneistheareaunderthecurvefrom
pressurevolumecondition1topressurevolumecondition2.Theprocessis Centrifugal
notusuallyastraightline. Chiller
Fundamentals

http://energymodels.com/pumpsandfans 1/10
7/26/2016 PumpsandFans|EnergyModels.com

Facilities
Management

HEATING
AND
COOLING
SYSTEM
UPGRADES

HVAC:
Centrifugal
Chillers
Figure
Chiller
Plant
Energy Design
Energyisdefinedasthecapacitytodowork.Soenergycanexistinmany
PV
formssuchasnuclear,chemical,electrical,fossilfuel,solar,windand
Modelingin
geothermal.Thebasicformsofenergyarepotential,kinetic,mechanical,heat,
eQUEST
internal,andelectrical.
Introduction
Potentialenergyisduetopositionorstate.Forexampleamassraisedto to
someheightaboveareferencelevelsuchastheearth'ssurfacecanbemade Photovoltaic
todoworkbylettingitfall.Acompressedspringpossessespotentialenergy Systems
becauseitcandoworkwhenitisreleased.
HowSolar
Mechanicalenergyispossessedbyanymasswhichisinmotion.Itisalso Electric
referredtoaskineticenergy.Kineticenergyistheenergypossessedbyabody Technology
inmotion.Electricalenergyisobtainedfromelectricalgeneratorsandbatteries Works
andconsistsoftheflowofelectronsinanelectricalcircuit.
Basic
Heatenergyistheresultofthekineticenergypossessedbytheatomsand Photovoltaic
moleculeswhichmakeupthemass.Internalenergyofagasisafunctionof Principles
temperatureonlyandisindependentofchangesinpressureandvolumeand and
thesymbolusedisU.ThisisknownasJoule'sLaw. Methods

WhenonemasslosesXbtuofheatthentheheatcontentofothermasses Photovoltaic
mustincreasebythesameXbtu.Thereisnosuchthingasheatoranyformof (PV)
energyjustdisappearingintonothing.Energyistransferredfromoneobjectto Tutorial
anotherorjuststayswhereitis.

Energycanbeconvertedfromoneformtoanother.Theheatenergyfrom
fossilfuelcanbeconvertedintomechanicalenergytodriveturbines.The
mechanicalenergyofturbinescanbeconvertedtoelectricalenergyusing
generators.Electricalenergycanbeconvertedtomechanicalenergyusing
motorsorconvertedtoheatenergyasinthecaseofresistanceheaters.

Power
http://energymodels.com/pumpsandfans 2/10
7/26/2016 PumpsandFans|EnergyModels.com

Thesameamountofworkcanbedoneoverdifferenttimeperiods.Moving
1000lbsthroughadistanceof1000feetin100hoursisnotthesameas
movingthesame1000lbsthroughthesamedistanceof1000feetin1hour.
Powerisdefinedasworkdoneperunittimeortherateatwhichworkisdone.

AunitofworkcommonlyusedinIPunitsistheHorsePower(HP)whichis
definedas33,000footpoundsperminuteor550footpoundspersecond.This
isusedinmechanicalengineeringcalculations.TheelectricHPisequivalentto
33,013.282ftbsandboilerHPis33,472.12ftlbs.ThemetricHPis
32,548.5623ftlbsperminuteor542.476ftlbspersecond.

HowevertheunitofpowercommonlyusedinSIunitsisthewattwhichis
derivedfromelectricalunits.Electricalforce(Evolts)=Current(Iamperes)x
Resistance(Rohms)andPower(Pwatts)=ExI.Thewattisasmallunitso
thetermcorrespondingtoHPisKilowatts(KW)where1KW=1000watts.1
KW=44,253.7ftlbs=1.340483HPand1HP=0.746KW.

PumpandFanLawsofOperation

PUMPS FANS

(1)GPM=GallonsperMinute.CFM=CubicFeetperMinute.RPM=
RevolutionsperMinuteTheflow(gpmorcfm)increaseswiththeRPMofthe
pumporfan.
(2)H=PumpPressureHead(feetH2O).P=FTP=FanTotalPressure
(inchesH2O)Thepressuredeliveredbythepumpincreasesasthesquareof
theRPMratio
(3)BHP=BrakeHorsePower.Thisisthemechanicalenergyrequired.It
dependsontheflow(gpmorcfm)andpressure(feetorinchesH2O)
resistanceacrosswhichthefluidismoved.

BrakeHorsePower(BHP)=(GPMx8.35xSPGRxH)/(
PUMPS:
33,000x(PE/100))
BrakeHorsePower(BHP)=(CFMxFTPx5.2)/(33,000x
FANS: (FE/100))SPGR=Specificgravityofliquid.PE=Pump
Efficiency.FE=FanEfficiency.
MOTORS:MotorHorsePower(MHP)=BHP/ME.ME=MotorEfficiency

http://energymodels.com/pumpsandfans 3/10
7/26/2016 PumpsandFans|EnergyModels.com

(/sites/all/files/advancedpages31023/pumpsandfans4.png)

http://energymodels.com/pumpsandfans 4/10
7/26/2016 PumpsandFans|EnergyModels.com

(http://energymodels.com/sites/all/files/advancedpages31023/pumpsandfans5.png)

TypicalSystem

http://energymodels.com/pumpsandfans 5/10
7/26/2016 PumpsandFans|EnergyModels.com

TypicalSystem

http://energymodels.com/pumpsandfans 6/10
7/26/2016 PumpsandFans|EnergyModels.com

(/sites/all/files/advancedpages31023/pumpsandfans8.png)

http://energymodels.com/pumpsandfans 7/10
7/26/2016 PumpsandFans|EnergyModels.com

(/sites/all/files/advancedpages31023/pumpsandfans9.png)

http://energymodels.com/pumpsandfans 8/10
7/26/2016 PumpsandFans|EnergyModels.com

(/sites/all/files/advancedpages31023/pumpsandfans11.png)

BACKTO
TOP

(/sites/all/files/advancedpages31023/pumpsandfans12.png)

http://energymodels.com/pumpsandfans 9/10
7/26/2016 PumpsandFans|EnergyModels.com

(/sites/all/files/advancedpages31023/pumpsandfans14.png)

(/sites/all/files/advancedpages31023/pumpsandfans15.png)

Course2Lesson(/advancedtraining/course2systemsandplants/course2lesson)

AbouttheAuthor

(/content/varkiethomas)
BACKTO
TOP
VarkieC.Thomas,Ph.D.,P.E.Research
ProfessorCollegeofArchitectureIllinois
InstituteofTechnologyChicago,Illinois,USA

VarkieThomastaughtgraduatecoursesinEnergyEfficientBuildingDesign,
BuildingEnergyPerformanceAnalysisandadviseddoctoralcandidates(1996
2008)asanAdjunctProfessoratIllinoisInstituteofTechnology(IIT)from
SOM.HeiscurrentlyaResearchProfessorwiththePh.D.programatIIT.He
wasamemberoftheUNTechnicalProgramtoChinain1991andaVisiting
ProfessorfromPurdueinMalaysiain1996/97fundedbytheWorldBank.

Academic:B.Sc.(Honors)inMathematicsfromSt.XaviersCollegeBombay
UniversityPostGraduateDiplomainEnvironmentalEngineeringfromLondon
SouthBankUniversityPostGraduateDiploma(withDistinction)andPh.D.in
IndustrialManagementfromStrathclydeUniversityGlasgow.Registered
ProfessionalEngineer(P.E.)andCertifiedEnergyManager(CEM
Association.ofEnergyEngineers).

Instructors(/category/aboutus/instructors)

http://energymodels.com/pumpsandfans 10/10