Abstract

The basis of this project is to design a DC supply for home appliances but to be more
accurate, for Induction Cooktop. The method we use to design this project is by using AC/DC
converter which is single-phase full wave rectifier. The materials used in the converter is
include : thyristor, resistor, inductor, capacitor, AC supply, and switch. As for the propose,
we use a diode instead of thyristor, but to be more suitable we use thyristor as for the
design. Consists of two design as proposal which is the second one is AC/AC to AC/DC
system. It is finds that this design is not suitable and not preferable then we chose the first
one. It appears that the first design produces a superior response and more likely to whats
needed.

Introduction
Power electronics circuits convert electric power frm one form to another using electronic
devices. Power electronics circuits function by using semiconductor devies as switches,
thereby controlling or modifying a voltage or current. Applications of power electronics
range from high-power conversion equipment such as dc power transmission to everyday
appliances, such as cordless screwdrivers, power supplies for computers, cell phone
chargers, and hybrid automobiles. The design of power conversion equipment includes
many disciplines from electrical engineering. Power electronics includes applications of
circuit theory, control theory, electronics, electromagnetics, microprocessor ( for control ),
and heat transfer. So basically, we were given a task to design a DC supply for home
appliances. We decide to use AC/DC DC/DC converter as our design. As for the AC/DC, we
use a single-phase full wave rectifier circuit and for the DC/DC we use a buck converter
circuit.
For the single-phase full wave rectifier we decided to use a thyristor instead of diode
because thyristor is semi-controlled component, so it is more preferable depends on diode.

AC/DC converters serve as rectifiers. The convert ac to dc in a number of industrial,

domestic, agricultural, and other applications. Rectifiers are used as stand-alone units
feeding single and multiple dc loads and as input stages of ac systems because of their
virtually unlimited output power and fine controllability. Their speed of response is usually
adequate to handle electromechanical transients occurring in motor drives and power
suppliers.
AC/DC line-commutated converters or as they also called, converters wwith natural
commutation or passive rectifiers, are the most usual choice for applications, where a
single-phase and three-phase supply is available. This is due to simplicity of the circuits
requiring a minimum number of active and passive components. Thyristors are the main
line-commutated power switches. The term line-commutated describes the type of
commutation, i.e : the transfer of current from one conducting element to the next, as a
function of the mains voltage. To turn on a thyristor an injection of a current pulse into its
gate is required.
In low-power applications, vehicle, medicine, and household devices, where there is no ac
supply or where reactive current and harmonics caused by a line commutation would be
unreachable, it is accepted to employ forced commutated converters having a more
complex circuitry and sometimes involving higher losses. A special situation exists also with
dc and ac loads where the response of a line-commutated converter may be insufficient to
cope with the stringent dynamic and energy efficiency demands and where an additional
converter supplied by a dc link and operated with a high switching frequency is necessary.
For these purposes active rectifiers are developed.
 Thyristor Q1 and Q4 conduct together, and Q2 and Q3 conduct together.Kirchoffs
voltage law around the loop containing the source, Q1, and Q2 shows that Q1 and Q2
cannot be on at the same time. Similarly to the others cannot conduct simultaneously. Q1
and Q4 will become forward-biased when the source becomes positive but will not conduct
until gate signals are applied. Similarly, Q2 and Q3 will become forward-biased when the
source becomes negative but will not conduct until they receive gate signals.
The load current can be positive or zero but cannot be negative. The voltage accros
the load is +vs when Q1 and Q4 are on. The voltage accros the load is -vs when Q2 and Q3
are on. The maximum voltage across a reverse-biased thyristor is the peak value of the
source. The average current source is zero. The rms current source is the same as the rms
load current. The source current is the same as the load current for one-half of the source
period and is the negative of the load current for the other half. The squares of the load and
source currents are the same, so the rms currents are equal.
The fundamental frequency of the output voltage is 2w, where w is the frequency of
the AC input since two periods of the output occur for every period of the input. The fourier
series of the output consists of a DC term and the even harmonics of the source frequency.
The delay angle is the angle interval between the forward biasing of the thyristor and the
gate signal application. If the delay angle is zero, the rectifiers behave exactly as
uncontrolled rectifiers with diodes.
https://unilearning.uow.edu.au/report/2bii1.html
https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/presentations_abstracts_examples.html
https://en.tdk.eu/tdk-en/373562/tech-library/articles/applications---cases/applications---
cases/energy-efficiency-in-the-kitchen-/171866
http://www.itsev.com/
https://www.researchgate.net
https://www.efxkits.co.uk