1. Definition De Guzman v. CA, G.R. No. L-47822, 22 December 1988 National Steel Corp. v. CA and Vlasons Shipping, Inc., G.R. No. 112287, 12 December 1997 First Philippine Industrial Corporation v. CA, G.R. No. 125948, 29 December 1998 Calvo v. UCPB General Insurance Terminal Services, Inc., G.R. No. 148496, 19 March 2002 FGU Insurance Corporation v. G.P. Sarmiento Trucking Corporation, G.R. No. 141910, 06 August 2002 Philippine American General Insurance Company v. PKS Shipping Company, G.R. No. 149038, 09 April 2003 Asia Lighterage and Shipping, Inc. v. CA, et al., G.R. No. 147246, 19 August 2003 Spouses Cruz v. Sun Holidays, Inc., G.R. No. 186312, 29 June 2010 Bascos v. CA, G.R. No. 101089, 07 April 1993 A.F. Sanchez Brokerage, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 147079, 21 December 2004 Crisostomo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 138334, 25 August 2003 Asian Terminals, Inc. vs. Daehan Fire and Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. G.R. No. 171194, 04 February 2010 Spouses Perea v. Spouses Zarate, PNR and CA, G.R. No. 157917, 29 August 2012 2. Characteristics Fisher v. Yangco Steamship Co., G.R. No. L-8095 31 March 1915 US v. Quinahon, 31 Phil 189 (1915) Loadstar Shipping Co., Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 131621, 28 September 1999 3. Distinguished from Private Carrier Home Insurance Co. v. American Steamship, G.R. No. L-25599, 04 April 1968 San Pablo v. Pantranco, G.R. No. L-61461, 21 August 1987 National Steel Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. 112287, 12 December 1997 Planters Products Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 101503, 15 September 1993 4. Government Regulation of Common Carriers Business KMU Labor Center v. Garcia, Jr., G.R. No. 115381, 23 December 1994 Tatad v. Garcia, Jr., G.R. No. 114222, 06 April 1995 5. Governing Law Samar Mining Co., Inc. v. Nordeutscher Lloyd, G.R. No. L-28673, 23 October 1984 Eastern Shipping Lines v. IAC, G.R. No. L-69044, 29 May 1987 National Development Co. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-49407, 19 August 1988 a. Registered Owner Rule Gelisan v. Alday, 154 SCRA 388 (1987) Benedicto v. IAC, 187 SCRA 547 (1990) Philtranco Service Enterprises, Inc. v. CA, 273 SCRA 562 (1997) Equitable Leasing Corporation v. Lucita Suyon, et al., G.R. No. 143360, 05 September 2002 b. Kabit System Santos vs. Sibug 104 SCRA 520 (1981) Lita Enterprises, Inc. vs. CA G.R. No. 64693. April 27, 1984 Teja Marketing vs. IAC 148 SCRA 347 (1987) c. Boundary System Magboo vs. Bernardo 7 SCRA 952 (1963)