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laysa and
Conjugating kaana
Posted by Ibnulyemen on Jul 27, 2017 in Grammar, Pronunciation, Vocabulary
Examples:(*)
(1)
. al-bayt kabiir the house is big.
(2)
. al-bint jamiilah the girl is beautiful.
. kaanat al-bint jamiilatan the girl was beautiful.
. laysat al-bint jamiilatan the girl is not beautiful.
(3)
. al-awlaad aqwiiya the boys are strong.
. kaana al-awlaad aqwiiya the boys were strong.
. laysa al-awlaad aqwiiya the boys are not strong.
(4)
. al-banaat samiinat the girls are chubby.
. laysat al-banaat samiinat the girls are not chubby.
are the same, i.e. not marked for gender or number even though the number in (1) is
and
In (1) and (3), the forms of
singular and plural in (3). This is always the case all verbs in the past tense forms when they precede the subject (i.e. doer); e.g.,
kataba al-walad the boy wrote and kataba al-awlaad the boys wrote.
are marked for gender with the ( but not for number). In like manner, this
and
In (2) and (4), however, the forms of
applies to all past tense forms when they occur before the subject; e.g., katabat al-bint the girl wrote and
katabat al-banaat the girls wrote.
and
What if they ( ) are placed after the subject, i.e. after the first word/phrase of the nominal sentence?
In this case, must agree in gender and number. Lets move them to second position, i.e. after
and mubtada
subject/topic in the above examples, and observe what happens.
(5)
. al-bayt kaana kabiiran the house was big.
. al-bayt laysa kabiiran the house is not big.
(6)
. al-bint kaanat jamiilatan the girl was beautiful.
. al-bint Laysat jamiilatan the girl is not beautiful.
(7)
. al-awlaad kaanuu aqwiiya the boys were strong.
. al-awlaad laysuu aqwiiya the boys are not strong.
(8)
. al-banaat kunna samiinat the girls were chubby.
. al-banaat lasna samiinat the girst are not chubby.
In (5) and (6), theres no number agreement as both are singular. But in (7) and (8), the number agreement is obvious. In (7), the
. In (8), there is more to it than adding the number suffix. This is
and
plural marker is simply appended to the end of
what matters most here. What is going on?
:
Here is the sequence for conjugating
In the table above you can see the serial conjugation of hunna they(f), ana I, and
with
and
naHnu we.
Exercise:
and
Try writing out the serial conjugation of with these pronouns:
NB: dual forms are not included because they are rather infrequent.
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