FEA Analysis

Setting Up an ABAQUS Analysis in HyperMesh - HM-4300
For this tutorial it is recommended that you complete the introductory tutorial, Getting Started with
HyperMesh - HM-1000.
This tutorial explains how to use the interface between HyperMesh and ABAQUS. The following
exercises are included:
Loading ABAQUS user profile
Defining material properties
Defining *SOLID SECTION for solid elements
Defining contact surfaces and interactions
Defining spring elements and properties
Defining loads and boundary conditions
Defining output requests
Defining *STEP card
Exporting the file to ABAQUS
Running hmabaqus and post processing

All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the <
install_directory>/tutorials/hm/ directory. For detailed instructions on how to locate the
installation directory <install_directory> at your site, see Finding the Installation Directory
<install_directory>, or contact your system administrator.
Loading ABAQUS User Profile

A set of standard user profiles is included in the HyperMesh installation. They include lsdyna,
nastran, abaqus, ansys, optistruct, moldflow, madymo, and HyperMesh. The user profiles change the
appearance of a panel - they do not affect the internal behavior of each function.
To load the ABAQUS user profile:
1. Click the user prof. button from the Geom page.
2. Select Abaqus as profile name and click OK.
3. Select Standard3D as template name and click OK.
Defining Material Properties

HyperMesh supports many different material models for ABAQUS. In this example, you will create
the basic *ELASTIC material model with no temperature variation. The material properties will then
be assigned to the elements through the component collector.
To read in the initial model file:
1. Select the files panel.

2. Select the hm file subpanel.
3. Click retrieve and select

<install_directory>/tutorials/hm/abaqus3_0tutorial.hm.
4. Click Open.
To set the pre-prepared visual options:
2. Select the command subpanel.
3. Click browse and choose <install_directory>/tutorials/hm/abtut1.cmf.
4. Click execute.
5. Click return to exit the panel.
To create the *ELASTIC material model card:
1. Select the collectors panel.
2. Create the material collector with the appropriate card image:
- Select the create subpanel.
- Click the switch after collector type and select mats.
- Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
- Click name = and enter STEEL
- Click card image = and choose ABAQUS_MATERIAL
- Click create/edit.
3. Edit the card image to add the appropriate material model cards:
- Select Elastic in the option list.

- By default, the selected type is ISOTROPIC. If it is not, click the switch and select
ISOTROPIC.
- By default, the ELASTICDATACARDS= field value is 1. If it is not, input 1 to set the number
of datalines.
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath E(1) and enter 2.1E5.
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath NU(1) and enter 0.3
- Click return to accept the changes to the card image.
To tie the material card to the component collectors:

2. Select the update subpanel.
3. Click the upper switch and select comps.
4. Click material = and select STEEL.
5. Double-click comps and select INDENTOR and BEAM from the list.
6. Click select to finish the selection process.
7. Click update.
8. Select material id from the list.
9. Click update.
Defining *Solid Section for Solid Elements

HyperMesh supports sectional properties for all elements from the component collector. In this
example, you will create the *SOLID SECTION card and tie it to an existing component collector.
To create the *SOLID SECTION card for an existing component:
2. Select the card image subpanel.
3. Click the collector type: switch and select comps.
4. Click card image = and select SOLIDSECTION.
5. Click load.
6. Select INDENTOR and BEAM from the list of components.
To view the *SOLID SECTION cards:
1. Select the card panel from the permanent menu.
2. Click the switch and select comps.
3. Click comps and select INDENTOR from the list of component collectors.
5. Click edit to view the *SOLID SECTION property card image.
6. Click return to finish the viewing process.

Defining Spring Elements and Properties

In ABAQUS contact problems, it is common to use weakly grounded springs to provide stability to the
solution in the first loading step. This section explains how to create these springs and how to create
the *SPRING card.
To reset the view for further processing:
1. Select the display panel from the permanent menu.
3. Click the toggle to elems.
4. Click the all button on the right side of the panel.
6. Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select iso 1 from the pop-up menu.
To create the *SPRING card:
2. Create a component collector with the appropriate card image:
- Select the create subpanel.
- Click the switch after collector type and select comps.
- Click name = and enter GROUNDED.
- Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
- Click card image = and choose SPRING.
- Click color and select Color10.
- Click create/edit.
3. Edit the card image to add the appropriate options:
- Click the field beneath dof1 in the card image and enter 3.
- The dof2 field in the *SPRING card is ignored by ABAQUS for SPRING1 elements.
- Click the field beneath Stiffness in the card image and enter 1.0E-5
- Click return to accept the changes to the card image.
To create the spring elements:
1. Select the elem types panel on the 1D page.

2. Click mass = and select SPRING1.
In HyperMesh, grounded elements are created and stored as mass elements since they only
have one node in the element connectivity.
4. Select the global panel on the permanent menu.
5. Click component = and select GROUNDED from the list of component collectors.
As the spring elements are created, they will be placed in this component.
7. Create the spring elements:
- Select the masses panel on the 1D page.
- Click nodes and select by id from the pop-up menu.
- Type the following in the id = selection window: 451t460b3

- This shorthand selects all of the nodes from 451 to 460 in increments of 3.
- Click create.
Defining Contact Surfaces and Interactions

HyperMesh supports defining the *SURFACE card by using sets, components, or individual element
IDs with faces. In this example, you will use "individual element faces" to define the slave contact
surface and "sets" to define the master contact surface.
To create the *CONTACT PAIR card:
1. Select the interfaces panel from the BCs page.
2. Select the create subpanel.
3. Click name = and enter the name: CONTACT1
4. Click type = and select CONTACT_PAIR.
5. Click create.
To create the *SURFACE, TYPE=ELEMENT cards:
3. Click name = and enter the name, SLAVE

4. Click type = and select SURFACE_ELEMENT.
5. Click interface color and select a color.
6. Click create.
7. Follow steps 1 through 8 to create another *SURFACE named MASTER.
To define a *SURFACE by selecting element faces:
1. Select the interfaces panel on the BCs page.
2. Select the add subpanel.
3. Double-click name = and select SLAVE.
4. Click the entity selector switch and select face.
8. Use the right mouse button to deselect BEAM.
10. Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select top from the pop-up menu.
11. Double-click the solid elems button and select displayed from the extended entity selection
menu.
12. Click nodes to the right of face nodes and pick two nodes (or three nodes) as shown below.
13. Click add to the right of slave: to add these faces to the *SURFACE .
No modification of the *SURFACE card is necessary for surfaces defined using element faces.
When you export the deck to ABAQUS, a list of element faces is written after the *SURFACE
card.
To define a *SURFACE using sets:
2. Select the add subpanel.
3. Double-click name = and select MASTER.
4. Click the entity selector switch and select sets.
5. Click sets and choose BEAMSURF from the list of sets.
7. Click update to add the set to the *SURFACE.
To define the face identifiers of a set in *SURFACE card:
3. Double-click name = and select MASTER.
4. Click edit.
5. Click the selection box under Label and choose S1 from the pop-up menu.
Note: HyperMesh does not display a *SURFACE that is defined using sets.
There are two ways to define the surface using a set:

To define the surface by explicitly specifying a face (as in this tutorial):
Click the selection box under Label and choose the correct face from the pop-up menu.
For this method, all elements in the set must be properly aligned and you must know
which face is involved in the contact.
To define the surface using the ABAQUS TRIM functionality:
Click Trim on the menu list.
Click the switch under TRIM and select YES from the list.
This method allows ABAQUS to automatically define the master surface based on rules
in the ABAQUS Users Manual.
To create the * SURFACE INTERACTION card:
3. Click the switch after collector type: and select props.

4. Click name = and enter CONTACT1.
5. Click card image = and choose SURFACE_INTERACTION.
6. Click create/edit.
7. Select the Friction option.
8. Click the field beneath Fric_Coef(1) in the card image and enter 0.05.
9. Click return to accept the changes to the card image.
To add *SURFACE and *SURFACE INTERACTION cards to the *CONTACT PAIR card:
3. Double-click name = and select CONTACT1.
4. Click edit.
5. Click Property and select CONTACT1 from the list of properties.
6. Click Slave_Surface and select SLAVE from the list of groups.
7. Click Master_Surface and select MASTER from the list of groups.
8. Select SmallSliding from the option list.
Notice that the parameter SMALL SLIDING now appears in the card image.
Defining Loads and Boundary Conditions

A load collector in HyperMesh is a repository for loads and constraints. Each load or constraint must
belong to a load collector. There are two load collector card images: "HISTORY" and
"INITIAL_CONDITION". Loads or constraints that are to be used as history data (under *STEP)
should be collected into load collectors with "HISTORY" card image. These load collectors also need
to be added to the corresponding load steps (*STEP) from the Load steps panel. In contrast, loads or
constraints for model data should be collected into load collectors with "INITIAL_CONDITION" card
image. They will automatically be written out in the model portion of the Abaqus input deck
To create the HISTORY type load collector:

3. Click the switch after collector type and select loadcols.
4. Click name = and enter the name: HISTORY1.
5. Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
6. Click card image = and choose HISTORY.
7. Click color and choose Color 5 from the pop-up menu.
8. Click create.
To create an entity set for loading:
1. Select the entity sets panel on the BCs page.
2. Click name = and enter LOADED.
3. Click the input collector switch and select nodes.
4. Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select left from the pop-up menu.
5. Click nodes and select by window from the pop-up menu.
6. Click points on the screen to create the pick window shown in the picture below.
7. Click select entities.
8. Click create.
To create constraints on the BEAM component:

2. Click loadcol = and select HISTORY1 from the list of load collectors.
As the constraints are created, they will be placed in this load collector.
4. Select the load types panel on the BCs page.
5. Click constraint= and select BOUNDARY.
6. Select the constraints panel on the BCs page.
8. Activate the check boxes next to dof1, dof2, and dof3.
9. Deactivate the check boxes next to dof4, dof5, and dof6.
10. Click nodes and select by sets from the extended entity selection menu.
11. Select ENDS from the list of entity sets.
12. Click select.
13. Click create.
To create constraints on the INDENTOR component:
2. Click loadcol = and select HISTORY1 from the list of load collectors.
As the constraints are created, they will be placed in this load collector.
4. Select the constraints panel on the BCs page.
6. Activate the check boxes next to dof1, and dof2.
7. Deactivate the check boxes next to dof3, dof4, dof5, and dof6.
9. Select LOADED.
10. Click select.
11. Click create.
To create forces on the INDENTOR component:

1. Select the forces panel on the BCs page.
4. Select LOADED.
5. Click select.
6. Click the upper switch and select vectors.
7. Click magnitude = and enter 10.0
8. Click the lower switch and select z-axis.
9. Click the toggle to global system.
10. Click create.
Defining Output Requests

An output block in HyperMesh is a repository for output requests. Output blocks have to be added to
load steps (*STEP) from the Load steps panel.
To create a output block:
1. Select the output block panel from the BCs page.
2. Click name = and enter OUTPUT1.
3. Click create.
4. Click return.
To edit the output block:
1. Select the output block panel from the BCs page.
2. Double-click name = and select OUTPUT1.
3. Click edit.
4. Select NodeFile in the options list.
5. Select U from the sub-options list of NodeFile.
6. Select ElFile in the options list.
7. Select S and SINV from the sub-options list of ElFile.
8. Select ContactFile in the options list.

9. Select CSTRESS from the sub-options list of ContactFile.
Defining *STEP card

A load step in HyperMesh corresponds to a *STEP definition in ABAQUS model history. Load
collectors, output blocks and groups (for explicit template) organized into a load step are output within
the corresponding step definition in the ABAQUS input deck.
The card previewer of the loadstep should be edited to define other history related keywords and
parameters including the analysis type, OP options (for various loads and constraints) and so on.
To create a load step (*STEP card):
1. Select the load steps panel from the BCs page.
2. Click name = and enter STEP1.
3. Click the loadcols button and select HISTORY1 from the list of loadcols.
4. Click the outputblocks button and select OUTPUT1 from the list of output blocks.
5. Click Create.
6. Click return.
To edit the load step:
1. Select the load steps panel from the BCs page.
2. Double-click name = and select STEP1 from the list of load steps.
3. Click edit.
4. Define parameters to the *STEP key word:
- Select StepParameters in the options list.
- Select Increment and Nlgeom from below StepParameters in the options list.
- Click the field after INC= in the card image and enter 100.
5. Define the analysis type:
- Click the AnalysisProcedure switch and select Static from the analysis types list.
You may have to use the vertical scroll bar on the left side of the card image to find the
AnalysisProcedure option.
- Select the Dataline option from the option lists for Static analysis
- Click the [ Init_Inc ] field in the card image.
- Click the field beneath Init_Inc in the card image and enter 0.05 as initial increment.
6. Define the *FILE FORMAT card for the step:
- Select FileFormat in the options list.
- Click the switch under Options and select Ascii from the list.
Exporting the File to ABAQUS

The data currently stored in the database must be output to an ABAQUS .inp file for use with the
ABAQUS solver. The .inp file can then be used to perform the analysis using the ABAQUS outside
of HyperMesh.
To export the .inp file:
2. Select the export subpanel.
3. Select the TEMPLATE option
4. Click the toggle to all.
5. Click write as and type in a name for the input deck: job1.inp
6. Click Save.
To save the .hm file and quit from HyperMesh:
2. Select the hm file subpanel.
3. Click save as and type job1.hm.
4. Click save.
6. Click quit to exit HyperMesh.
After you quit HyperMesh you can run the ABAQUS solver using the job1.inp file that was written
from HyperMesh.
Running hmabaqus and Post-Processing

After you have run the job using ABAQUS, the .fil file is available. In order to read the results into
HyperMesh, you must use the hmabaqus external results translator to convert the ABAQUS .fil file to
a HyperMesh formatted results file. Once this is done, you can attach the results file and perform
post-processing procedures.
If you ran ABAQUS and created your own .fil file, run the hmabaqus results translator to create the
results file. If you did not run the solver, you can use the
<install_directory>/tutorials/hm/abaqus3_0tutorial.hmres file supplied in the
Tutorial directory.
To run hmabaqus:
1. Select the solver panel from the BCs page.
2. Click the switch at the top left corner and select hmabaqus.
3. Click the browse.. button at the input file: line and select job1.fil and click Open.
4. Click the browse.. button at the output file: line and select job1.hmres and click Open.
5. Click solve.
6. Click return.
To import the hm file, attach the results file, and set visual options:
1. If you have a model loaded into HyperMesh, follow these procedures:
- Select the delete panel from the Tool page.
- Click delete model.
- Answer Yes in the pop-up window.
3. Read the input deck that was used to run the ABAQUS job or the input deck supplied in the
tutorials directory:
- Select the import subpanel.
- Click FE.
- Click left toggle switch and choose ABAQUS from the pop-up menu.
- Click the upper toggle to no FE overwrite.
- Click the import.. button and select job1.inp, if you ran your own solver program (or
abaqus3_0tutorial.inp, if you want to use the supplied file).
- Click Open.
4. Set the pre-prepared visual options:
- Select the command subpanel.
- Click browse and choose <install_directory>/tutorials/hm/abtut2.cmf from

the tutorials directory.
- Click execute.
- If you are using the x version of HyperMesh, an error message may be displayed. Select
continue in the pop-up menu.
5. Assign the results file for post-processing:
- Select the results subpanel.
- Click the browse = and choose job1.hmres (or abaqus3_0tutorial.hmres if you

want to use the supplied file).
To post-process displacement and stress results:
1. Select the contour panel on the Post page.
2. Click simulation = and select: step 1 inc 7, t=1.00e+00
Notice that each increment in the ABAQUS analysis is a new simulation.

3. Click data type = and select Displacements.
4. Click the lower leftmost switch and select model units from the pop-up menu.
5. Click model units = and enter 10.0
6. Click contour.
7. Click data type = and select Von Mises.
8. Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select restore 1 from the pop-up menu.
9. Click assign.
The default location for ABAQUS to output stress values is at the Integration Points. The
hmabaqus program takes these values and averages them to the centroid of each element.
Therefore, the most accurate representation of the stress values as they were reported from
ABAQUS can be found with an assigned plot.
To post-process incremental results:
1. Select the transient panel on the Post page.
2. Click start with = and select step 1 inc 1, t=5.00e-02.
3. Click end with = and select step 1 inc 7, t=1.00e+00.
4. Click data type = and select Von Mises.
5. Click scale factor = and enter 100.0.
If you are using the x-version, skip to Step 12.

6. Click transient.
HyperMesh calculates seven frames of animation showing the displacement and von Mises
stress for each increment. In a non-linear analysis, this type of animation is necessary to view
the history of the stress development.
7. Once the animation begins, click the leftmost toggle to visual options.
8. Click the toggle next to mode and select hidden line.
9. Click the toggle next to color and select contour.
10. Click return to exit the animation.
11. Activate the hidden line option.
12. Click transient.
HyperMesh calculates seven frames of animation showing the displacement and von Mises
stress for each increment. In a non-linear analysis, this type of animation is necessary to view
the history of the stress development.
13. Click return to exit the animation.
To set up the display for post-processing contact results:
2. Click the input collector switch and select comps.
4. Click none.
6. Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select iso 1 from the pop-up menu.
The elements displayed on the screen are the slave elements that are involved in the contact.
To view the contact results, the underlying element faces must be visible. The following steps
show all of the elements connected to these slave element faces.
7. Select the find panel on the Tool page.
8. Select the find attached subpanel.
9. Click the upper switch and select elems.
10. Click the switch under attached to: and select elems.
11. Click elems under attached to: and select displayed from the extended entity selection menu.
12. Click find.
To post-process contact results:
1. Select the contour panel on the Post page.
2. Click simulation = and select: step 1 inc 7, t=1.00e+00
Notice that each increment in the ABAQUS analysis is a new simulation.

3. Click data type = and select Contact Pressure.
4. Click the second switch down, which should be set to model units, and choose undeformed
from the pop-up menu.
5. Click contour.
At this point, an error message is displayed in the message bar that states:
Some node results were not found (ignored).
When ABAQUS reports contact results, it only reports values for the nodes directly on the slave
surface. Therefore, the nodes on the other end of the displayed solid elements dont have any
contact results reported from ABAQUS. HyperMesh recognizes that there are no values at
those nodes and reports an error message to warn you that they may be missing results. Also
notice that the contact pressure is high on the corners of the slave surface, but is zero in the
middle where no contact is occurring.
See HyperMesh Tutorials for a complete list of tutorials.

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Setting Up an ABAQUS Analysis in HyperMesh - HM-4300

Loading ABAQUS user profile

Defining material properties

Defining *SOLID SECTION for solid elements

Defining contact surfaces and interactions

Defining spring elements and properties

Defining loads and boundary conditions

Defining output requests

Defining *STEP card

Exporting the file to ABAQUS

Running hmabaqus and post processing

Loading ABAQUS User Profile

To load the ABAQUS user profile:

1. Click the user prof. button from the Geom page.

2. Select Abaqus as profile name and click OK.

3. Select Standard3D as template name and click OK.

Defining Material Properties

To read in the initial model file:

1. Select the files panel.

3. Click retrieve and select

To set the pre-prepared visual options:

1. Select the files panel.

2. Select the command subpanel.

3. Click browse and choose <install_directory>/tutorials/hm/abtut1.cmf.

5. Click return to exit the panel.

To create the *ELASTIC material model card:

1. Select the collectors panel.

2. Create the material collector with the appropriate card image:

- Select the create subpanel.

- Click the switch after collector type and select mats.

- Click name = and enter STEEL

- Click card image = and choose ABAQUS_MATERIAL

- Select Elastic in the option list.

- Click return to accept the changes to the card image.

4. Click return to exit the panel.

To tie the material card to the component collectors:

1. Select the collectors panel.

3. Click the upper switch and select comps.

4. Click material = and select STEEL.

6. Click select to finish the selection process.

8. Select material id from the list.

10. Click return to exit the panel.

Defining *Solid Section for Solid Elements

To create the *SOLID SECTION card for an existing component:

1. Select the collectors panel.

2. Select the card image subpanel.

3. Click the collector type: switch and select comps.

4. Click card image = and select SOLIDSECTION.

6. Select INDENTOR and BEAM from the list of components.

7. Click select to finish the selection process.

8. Click return to exit the panel.

To view the *SOLID SECTION cards:

1. Select the card panel from the permanent menu.

2. Click the switch and select comps.

4. Click select to finish the selection process.

5. Click edit to view the *SOLID SECTION property card image.

6. Click return to finish the viewing process.

Defining Spring Elements and Properties

To reset the view for further processing:

1. Select the display panel from the permanent menu.

2. Click the upper switch and select comps.

3. Click the toggle to elems.

4. Click the all button on the right side of the panel.

5. Click return to exit the panel.