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Volume 1, No 3, 2010
Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing services
Research article ISSN 0976 4399
ABSTRACT
The Underpass RCC Bridge is very rarely adopted in bridge construction but recently the
Underpass RCC Bridge is being used for traffic movement. In this paper, the analysis of
the underpass RCC bridge is carried out. The analysis of this underpass RCC bridge is
done by considering fixed end condition. Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis is
performed and results are presented. Comparison of different forces between 2D and 3D
models for fixed end condition is provided. In this study we show a 2D model can be
effectively used for analysis purpose for all the loading condition mentioned in IRC: 6,
Standard Specifications and Code of Practice Road Bridges The Indian Roads
Congress and Directorate of bridges & structures (2004), Code of practice for the design
of substructures and foundations of bridges Indian Railway Standard.
1. Introduction
The Underpass RCC Bridge is very rarely adopted in bridge construction but recently the
Underpass RCC Bridge is being used for traffic movement. This underpass RCC bridge is
pushed inside the embankment by means of hydraulic jack system Since the availability
of land in the city is less, such type of bridge utilizes less space for its construction.
Hence constructing Underpass Bridge is a better option where there is a constraint of
space or land. Detailed analysis and design of underpass RCC bridge has not been carried
out till date. Ronghe G. N. and Gatfane Y. M (2004-2005) have worked on the analysis
and design of 2D underpass RCC bridge model.
In this paper 2D along with 3D analysis of underpass RCC bridge is carried out
considering six different loading conditions and eight different loading combinations
which are considering from IRC: 6-2000, Standard Specifications And Code Of Practice
Road Bridges The Indian Roads Congress and Directorate of bridges & structures
(2004), Code of practice for the design of substructures and foundations of bridges
Indian Railway Standard. The end condition is considered to be fixed for both 2D and 3D
underpass RCC bridge model.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Volume 1, No 3, 2010
Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing services
Research article ISSN 0976 4399
For the study of Underpass RCC bridge, earth pressure acting on side walls of underpass
RCC bridge because structure embedded as well as vertical loading due to imposed load
and live load from Bridge rules, Rules specifying the loads for designing the super-
structure and sub-structure of bridges and for assessing the strength of existing bridges
(Indian Railway Standard code) on the top of underpass RCC bridge is considered. As
there is a top loading, there is reaction at bottom also. This underpass RCC bridge is
provided for city traffic also. For that purpose live load from IRC: 6-2000 inside the
underpass RCC bridge is considered.
Vertical
Load
Earth Earth
Pressure due Pressure due
to backfill to backfill
Reaction at bottom
2D underpass RCC bridge model shown in Figure 1 is analyzed considering without soil
structure interaction.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Volume 1, No 3, 2010
Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing services
Research article ISSN 0976 4399
2. Formulation
Total load for bending moment and shear force is considered from IRS code rules
specifying the loads for designing the super-structure and sub-structure of bridges and for
assessing the strength of existing bridges. For span of 8m total load for bending moment
981kN and total load for shear force is 1154kN is considered.
Dead load of earth fill over the box = Area x depth x density -- 1.1
Total vertical pressure on top slab = Imposed load + Dead load + Live load -- 1.2
The coefficient of active earth pressure of the soil is given by the equation
cos 2
Ka
sin sin i
2
cos cos 1
2
cos cos i
-- 1.3
where,
= Density of soil, = Angle of internal friction, = angle of friction between wall and
earth fill
Where value of is not determined by actual tests, the following values may be assumed.
(i) = 1/3 for concrete structures.
(ii) = 2/3 for masonry structures.
i = Angle which the earth surface makes with the horizontal behind the earth retaining
structure
( i =00 for embedded structure).
Since this concrete structure is embedded in soil, the value of is considered as 1/3
(for concrete structures) considered for calculation of coefficient of active earth pressure
of the soil.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Volume 1, No 3, 2010
Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing services
Research article ISSN 0976 4399
AT Bottom = Horizontal effect of surcharge + Earth pressure center of bottom slab --1.7
0.6
m
7m 0.
0.5
(a) m 5 (b)
m
Figure 3: (a) Center to center Dimensions of RCC Underpass Bridge
(b) Dimensions of RCC Underpass Bridge
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Volume 1, No 3, 2010
Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing services
Research article ISSN 0976 4399
(a) (b)
The bending moment results obtained by slope deflection method and SAP2000 program
for 2 dimensional model of underpass RCC bridge are approximately same. The slight
variation of results may be due to the variation of moment of inertia values. Based on this
validity of results further analysis of same 2D model for various combinations of loading
cases was carried out. Also it was observed that was the same corners of the 3D model
the bending moment results obtained were same and hence 3D analysis was carried out
using SAP2000.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Volume 1, No 3, 2010
Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing services
Research article ISSN 0976 4399
Table 3: Comparison of Max BM and Max SF of 2D model and 3D model of the box
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Volume 1, No 3, 2010
Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing services
Research article ISSN 0976 4399
5. Conclusions
From the analysis it can be observed that bending moment and shear force obtained for
2D and 3D model are approximately same. A 2D model can be effectively used for
analysis purpose for all the loading condition mentioned in IRC: 6 and Directorate of
bridges & structures (2004),Code of practice for the design of substructures and
foundations of bridges Indian Railway Standard. Further research is needed to verify the
use of 2D model for different parameters such as dynamic analysis, soil structure
interaction etc.
6. REFERENCES
1. Ronghe G.N. And Gatfane Y.M. "Analysis And Design Of A Bridge By A Push Back
System. A Dissertation of M.tech In structural Engineering. 2004-2005.
2. Directorate of bridges & structures (2004), Code of practice for the design of
substructures and foundations of bridges Indian Railway Standard.
3. IRC: 21-2000, Standard Specifications And Code Of Practice Road Bridges The
Indian Road Congress.
4. IS 456:2000, Plain and Reinforced concrete code for practice Bureau of Indian
Standards.
5. IRC: 6-2000, Standard Specifications And Code Of Practice Road Bridges The
Indian Road Congress.
6. IRC: 8-2000, Design criteria for pre-stressed concrete road bridges (Post-Tension
concrete) The Indian Roads Congress.
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