1

The first mitzvah of the negative commandments is not to consider the

thought that there is another divinity aside from God, as [Exodus
20:13] states: "You shall have no other gods before Me."

2
Not to make an idol - not to make one oneself or have one made for
oneself by others - as [Exodus 20:4] states: "Do not make an idol for
yourselves."

3
Not to make false gods even for others, as [Leviticus 19:4] states: "Do
not make molten gods for yourselves."

4
Not to make images for decoration, even when one does not worship
them, as [Exodus 20:20] states: "Do not make a representation of
anything that is with Me."

5
Not to bow down to any false gods, even though they are not
generally worshiped by bowing down before them, as [Exodus 20:13]
states: "Do not bow down to them."

6
Not to worship false gods with the types of service with which it is
customary to worship them, as [Exodus 20:3] states: "Do not serve
them."

7
Not to offer one's son to Molech, as [Leviticus 18:21] states: "Do not
give [any] of your children to offer to Molech."

8
Not to perform the deeds associated with an ov, as [Leviticus 19:31]
states: "Do not turn to the ovot."

9
Not to perform the deeds associated with a yid'oni, as [Leviticus
19:31] states: "Do not turn to... the yid'onim."

10
Not to take interest in the worship of false gods, as [Leviticus 19:4]
states: "Do not turn to false gods."

11
Not to erect a pillar [for purposes of worship], as [Deuteronomy 16:22]
states: "Do not erect a pillar for yourselves."

12
Not to make hewn stones [upon which to prostrate oneself], as
[Leviticus 26:1] states: "You shall not place hewn stones..."

13
Not to plant a tree on the Temple [premises], as [Deuteronomy 16:21]
states: "Do not plant an asherah or any other tree...."

14
Not to take an oath on a false god [as requested by] one of its
worshipers, nor to have one of them take an oath on [their false god],
as [Exodus 23:13] states: "And the name of other gods you shall not
mention, nor should it be heard from your mouth."

15
Not to act as a missionary [madiach] to persuade the Jews to worship
false gods], as [Exodus 23:13] states: "And the name of other gods...
shall not be heard from your mouth." [Our Sages taught that] this is a
prohibition against acting as a missionary for the worship of false
gods.

16
Not to act as a missionary [mesit] to persuade an individual Jew to
worship false gods, as [Deuteronomy 13:12] states with regard to such
missionaries: "And they shall not continue to do so."

17
Not to show affection for a mesit, as [Deuteronomy 13:9] states: "Do
not show appreciation for him."

18
Not to reduce one's hatred for a mesit, as [Deuteronomy 13:9] states:
"Do not listen to him."

19
Not to [try to] save a mesit, but rather to see to it that he is executed,
as [Deuteronomy 13:9] states: "Do not have mercy upon him."

20
For the person whom a mesit tried to convince not to advance any
arguments on behalf of the mesit, as [Deuteronomy 13:9] states: "Do
not have pity... [upon him]."

21
For the person whom a mesit tried to convince not to withhold any
evidence he is aware of that would incriminate the mesit, as
[Deuteronomy 13:9] states: "And do not try to cover up for him."

22
Not to benefit from ornaments that have adorned false gods, as
[Deuteronomy 7:25] states: "Do not covet the gold or silver which is
upon them...."
23
Not to rebuild an apostate city to its former stature, as [Deuteronomy
13:17] states: "It shall never be rebuilt."

24
Not to benefit from the property of an apostate city, as [Deuteronomy
13:18] states: "Let nothing that has been condemned cling to your
hand."

25
Not to benefit from false gods, from any of their accessories, anything
offered to them, or any wine brought as a libation for them, as
[Deuteronomy 7:26] states: "Do not bring an abomination into your
house."

26
Not to prophesy in the name of false gods, as [Deuteronomy 18:20]
states: "[The prophet]... who speaks in the name of other gods [shall
die]."

27
Not to relate false prophecies, as [Deuteronomy 18:20] states: "When
a prophet presumptuously makes a declaration in My name which I
have not commanded him...."
28
Not to listen to someone who prophesies in the name of false gods, as
[Deuteronomy 13:4] states: "Do not listen to the words of that
prophet."a

29
Not to refrain from executing a false prophet, nor to fear him, as
[Deuteronomy 18:22] states: "Do not fear him."

30
Not to follow the laws or customs of the worshipers of false gods, as
[Leviticus 20:23] states: "Do not follow the practices of the nation [that
I am driving out before you]...."

31
Not to practice black magic, as [Deuteronomy 18:10] states: "There
shall not be found among you... a magician."

32
Not to practice divination, as [Leviticus 19:26] states: "Do not practice
divination."

33
Not to act as a soothsayer, as [Leviticus, ibid.] states: "Do not act as a
soothsayer."
34
Not to practice sorcery, as [Deuteronomy 18:10] states: "There shall
not be found among you... a sorcerer."

35
Not to cast spells, as [Deuteronomy 18:11] states: "[There shall not be
found among you...] one who casts spells."

36
Not to consult an ov, as [Deuteronomy, ibid.] states: "[There shall not
be found among you...] one who consults an ov."

37
Not to consult a yid'oni, as [Deuteronomy, ibid.] states: "[There shall
not be found among you...] one who consults an ov or a yid'oni."

38
Not to seek information from the dead in dreams, as [Deuteronomy,
ibid.] states: "[There shall not be found among you...] one who
attempts to communicate with the dead."

39
For a woman not to wear articles appropriate for men, as
[Deuteronomy 22:5] states: "A woman should not wear a man's
clothing."
40
For a man not to wear articles appropriate for women, as
[Deuteronomy 22:5] states: "A man should not wear a woman's
clothing." [This prohibition was instituted] because this is an idolatrous
custom. Explicit statements to this effect are found in the texts
describing their worship.

41
Not to tattoo our bodies like the worshipers of false gods, as [Leviticus
19:28] states: "Do not tattoo your flesh."

42
Not to wear sha'atnez, as do the priests of false gods, as
[Deuteronomy 22:11] states: "Do not wear sha'atnez."

43
Not to shave the temples of our heads, as do the worshipers of false
gods, as [Leviticus 19:27] states: "Do not shave your temples."

44
Not to shave off our beards entirely, as do the priests of false gods, as
[Leviticus 19:27] states: "Do not shave the corners of your beard."

45
Not to make cuts in our flesh, as the worshipers of false gods do, as
[Deuteronomy 14:1] states: "Do not cut yourselves." Gedidah is
another term for cutting.

46
Not to ever dwell in the land of Egypt, as [Deuteronomy 17:16] states:
"Do not ever return on this path again."

47
Not to stray after the thoughts of one's heart or the sights one's eyes
behold, as [Numbers 15:39] states: "Do not stray after your heart and
eyes."

48
Not to establish a covenant with the seven [Canaanite] nations, as
[Deuteronomy 7:2] states: "Do not establish a covenant with them."

49
Not to allow a single member of the seven [Canaanite] nations to live,
as [Deuteronomy 20:16] states: "Do not allow a soul to live."

50
Not to show favor to the worshipers of false gods, as [Deuteronomy
7:2] states: "Do not show them favor."

51
Not to allow the worshipers of false gods to settle in our land, as
[Exodus 23:33] states: "They shall not settle in your land."

52
Not to marry gentiles, as [Deuteronomy 7:3] states: "Do not marry
among them."

53
For a Jewish woman never to marry an Ammonite or Moabite [even
after conversion], as [Deuteronomy 23:4] states: "An Ammonite or a
Moabite shall never enter the congregation of God."

54
Not to prevent the third generation of [converts from] the descendants
of Esau from marrying among [the Jewish people], as [Deuteronomy
23:8] states: "Do not [utterly] despise an Edomite."

55
Not to prevent the third generation of Egyptian [converts] from
marrying among [the Jewish people], as [Deuteronomy 23:8] states:
"Do not [utterly] despise an Egyptian."

56
Not to make an offer of peace to Ammon and Moav at the outbreak of
war, as is done for other nations, as [Deuteronomy 23:7] states: "Do
not seek their peace and welfare...."
57
Not to destroy fruit trees nor to destroy any-thing else of value, as
[Deuteronomy 20:19] states: "Do not destroy its trees."

58
For soldiers not to fear or become frightened of the enemy during war,
as [Deuteronomy 7:21] states: "Do not panic before them," and
[Deuteronomy 3:22] states: "Do not fear them."a,b

59
Not to forget the wicked deeds which Amalek perpetrated against us,
as [Deuteronomy 25:19] states: "Do not forget."

60
The prohibition against blessing [i.e., cursing] God's name, as [Exodus
22:27] states: "Do not curse God." [Leviticus 27:16] mentions the pun-
ishment: "One who curses the name of God shall surely die." This is a
general principle: A negative commandment is involved whenever the
Torah mentions the punishments of karet or execution - with the
exception of circumcision and the Paschal sacrifice which are positive
commandments punishable by karet.

61
Not to violate an oath, as [Leviticus 19:12] states: "Do not swear
falsely in My name."
62
Not to take an oath in vain, as [Exodus 20:7] states: "Do not take the
name of God, your Lord, in vain."

63
Not to profane the name of the Holy One, blessed be He, as [Leviticus
22:32] states: "Do not profane My holy name."

64
Not to test the promises of God, as [Deuteronomy 6:15] states: "Do
not test God, your Lord."

65
Not to destroy the Temple, synagogues, or houses of study; and
similarly, not to erase any of [Gods] sacred names, nor to destroy any
sacred texts, as [Deuteronomy 12:3-4] states: "You shall surely
destroy them. Do not do this to God, your Lord."1

66
Not to leave a corpse that was hung on the gallows, as [Deuteronomy
21:23] states: "Do not leave his body on the gallows."

67
Not to interrupt the watch held around the Temple, as [Leviticus 18:30]
states: "And you shall keep My watch."2
68
For a priest not to enter the Temple building at all times, as [Leviticus
16:2] states: "And he shall not enter the sanctuary at all times."

69
For a priest with a disqualifying physical deformity not to proceed
beyond [the beginning of] the altar, as [Leviticus 21:23] states:
"However, to the parochet3 he shall not approach."

70
For a priest with a disqualifying physical deformity not to serve [in the
Temple], as [Leviticus 21:17] states: "[Anyone...] who has a blemish
[may not approach to present]...."

71
For a priest with a disqualifying physical deformity of a temporary
nature not to serve [in the Temple], as [Leviticus 21:18] states:
"Anyone who has a blemish may not approach [to offer a sacrifice]."a

72
For the Levites not to perform the services of the priests, and for the
priests not to perform the services of the Levites, as [Numbers 18:3]
states with regard to the Levites: "Neither to the sacred vessels nor to
the altar shall they approach, so that they do not die, neither they nor
you."
73
For a person who is intoxicated not to enter the Temple nor to render a
halachic decision, as [Leviticus 10:9] states: "Do not drink wine or
strong drink when you enter the Tent of Testimony," and [ibid., 10:11]
states: "or when you render a decision for the children of Israel."a

74
For a non-priest not to serve in the Temple, as [Numbers 18:4] states:
"An unauthorized person shall not approach them."

75
For a priest who is ritually impure not to serve [in the Temple], as
[Leviticus 22:2] states: "And they shall separate themselves from the
sacred offerings of the children of Israel."

76
For a priest who has immersed himself in a mikveh in order to purify
himself from ritual impurity not to serve [in the Temple] until the
conclusion, of that day, as [Leviticus 21:6] states: "And they shall not
profane...."

77
For a priest who is ritually impure not to enter the Temple courtyard,
as [Numbers 5:3] states: "And they shall not make your camp impure."
This refers to the camp of the Divine Presence.
78
For a person who is impure not to enter the camp of the Levites, the
parallel for all time being the Temple Mount, as [Deuteronomy 23:11]
states: "Do not enter the camp." This refers to the camp of the Levites.

79
Not to build the altar with hewn stones, as [Exodus 20:22] states: "Do
not make them hewn."

80
Not to ascend to the altar using steps, as [Exodus 20:23] states: "Do
not ascend My altar with steps."

81
Not to offer any [undesired] incense offering or any sacrifices on the
golden altar, as [Exodus 30:9] states: "Do not offer any unauthorized
incense upon it."

82
Not to extinguish the fire of the altar, as [Leviticus 6:6] states: "Burn a
continuous fire on the altar. Do not extinguish it."

83
Not to duplicate the composition of the anointing oil, as [Exodus 30:32]
states: "And do not duplicate its formula."
84
Not to anoint an unauthorized person with the anointing oil, as
[Exodus 30:32] states: "Do not anoint the flesh of a person with it."

85
Not to duplicate the composition of the incense offering, as [Exodus
30:37] states: "Do not duplicate its formula."

86
Not to remove the staves of the ark, as [Exodus 25:16] states: "They
shall not be removed from it."

87
For the [High Priest's] breastplate not to come loose from the ephod,
as [Exodus 28:28] states: "The breastplate shall not come loose from
the ephod."

88
For the [High Priest's] cloak not to tear, as [Exodus 28:32] states: "It
shall have a woven border around it. It shall not tear."

89
Not to offer sacred offerings outside [the Temple], as [Deuteronomy
12:13] states: "Be careful, lest you offer your burnt offerings...."
90
Not to slaughter sacred offerings outside [the Temple], as [Leviticus
17:3-4] states: "A person who slaughters an ox or a sheep without
bringing it to the Tent of Testimony. He shall be punished by karet."

91
Not to consecrate animals with disqualifying physical blemishes [as
sacrifices to be offered on] the altar, as [Leviticus 22:20] states: "Any
[animal] which has a blemish shall not be sacrificed." This prohibition
involves [the animal's] consecration.

92
Not to slaughter animals with disqualifying physical blemishes as
sacrifices, as [Leviticus 22:22] states: "Do not sacrifice these to God."

93
Not to sprinkle the blood of animals with disqualifying physical
blemishes on the altar, as [Leviticus 22:24] states: "Do not sacrifice to
God...." This prohibition involves sprinkling [the animal's] blood."

94
Not to burn the sacrificial portions of animals with disqualifying
physical blemishes [as sacrifices on the altar], as [Leviticus 22:22]
states: "Do not make a fire offering of them."
95
Not to offer a animals with disqualifying physical blemishes of a
temporary nature as sacrifices, as [Deuteronomy 17:1] states: "Do not
sacrifice to God, your Lord, an ox or a sheep that has a blemish." This
refers to a blemish of a temporary nature.a

96
Not to offer an animal with a disqualifying physical blemish as a
sacrifice when it was brought by gentiles, as [Leviticus 22:25] states:
"Do not offer sacrifices [from these animals] when they are given by
gentiles."

97
Not to inflict a disqualifying physical blemish upon a consecrated
animal, as [Leviticus 22:21] states: "It shall not have a blemish."This
can be interpreted to mean: Do not inflict a blemish upon it.

98
Not to burn as an offering anything which is sweetened or leavened,
as [Leviticus 2:11] states: "You may not burn anything leavened or
sweet [as a fire offering]."a

99
Not to offer a sacrifice which is unsalted, as [Leviticus 2:13] states:
"Do not omit the salt of God's covenant."
100
Not to offer as a sacrifice an animal received by a prostitute as her
fee, or an animal received in exchange for a dog, as [Deuteronomy
23:19] states: "Do not bring a prostitute's fee or the price of a dog...."

101
Not to slaughter an animal and its offspring on the same day, as
[Leviticus 22:25] states: "Do not slaughter it and its offspring on the
same day."

102
Not to place olive oil on the meal offering brought by a sinner, as
[Leviticus 5:11] states: "Do not place oil upon it."

103
Not to place frankincense on such a sacrifice, as [Leviticus, ibid.]
continues: "...and do not place frankincense upon it."

104
Not to place oil on the meal offering brought by a sotah, as [Numbers
5:15] states: "Do not pour oil upon it."

105
Not to place frankincense on such a sacrifice, as [Numbers, ibid.]
continues: "...and do not place frankincense upon it."
106
Not to substitute [another animal] for [one selected as] a sacred
offering, as [Leviticus 27:10] states: "Do not exchange it or substitute
another for it."

107
Not to change the designation of a consecrated animal from one
sacrifice to another, as [Leviticus 27:26] states regarding a firstling ani-
mal: "A person should not consecrate it" - i.e., he should not
consecrate it as another sacrifice.

108
Not to redeem a firstling kosher animal, as [Numbers 18:17] states:
"Nevertheless, a firstling ox... do not redeem."

109
Not to sell the tithe of cattle, as [Leviticus 27:33] states: "It shall not be
redeemed."

110
Not to sell a field that has been dedicated, as [Leviticus 27:28] states:
"It shall not be sold."

111
Not to redeem a field that has been dedicated, as [Leviticus, ibid.]
states: "It shall not be redeemed."

112
Not to sever the head of a bird [brought as] a sin offering, as [Leviticus
5:8] states: "He shall pinch off its head...[without separating it]."

113
Not to work with consecrated animals, as [Deuteronomy 15:19] states:
"Do not work with your firstling ox."

114
Not to shear consecrated animals, as [Deuteronomy 15:19] states:
"Do not shear your firstling sheep."

115
Not to slaughter the Paschal sacrifice while one possesses chametz,
as [Exodus 23:18] states: "Do not sacrifice the blood of My offering in
the presence of chametz."

116
Not to allow the sacrificial portions of the Paschal sacrifice to become
disqualified by remaining overnight, as [Exodus 23:18] states: "Do not
allow the fat of My festive offering to remain until the morning."

117
Not to allow the meat of the Paschal sacrifice to remain [overnight], as
[Exodus 12:10] states: "Do not leave over any of it until the morning."

118
Not to allow the meat of the Chaggigah sacrifice to remain until the
third day, as [Deuteronomy 16:14] states: "Do not leave over any of
the meat...." According to the oral tradition, we have learned that the
verse refers to the Chaggigah sacrifice offered on the fourteenth of
Nisan. The phrase "until the morning" [in that verse] refers to the
morning of the second day of Pesach, the third day after [the sacrifice]
was offered.

119
Not to allow the meat of the second Paschal sacrifice to remain until
the morning, as [Numbers 9:12] states: "Do not leave over any of it
until the morning."

120
Not to allow the meat of the thanksgiving offering to remain until the
morning, as [Leviticus 22:30] states: "Do not leave over any of it until
the morning." The same law applies to all other sacrifices. They
should not be left over beyond the time allotted for their consumption.

121
Not to break any of the bones of the Paschal sacrifice, as [Exodus
12:46] states: "Neither shall you break a bone of it."
122
Not to break any of the bones of the Second Paschal sacrifice, as
[Numbers 9:12] states: "Neither shall you break a bone of it."
Note: We have marked with the letter a those mitzvot concerning which the Ramban
(Nachmanides) differs with the Rambam in his Hasagot to Sefer HaMitzvot, and with the letter
b, those mitzvot concerning which the Ra'avad, in his gloss to the Mishneh Torah, differs with
the Rambam.

123
Not to remove the meat of the Paschal sacrifice from the company [in
which it is being eaten], as [Exodus 12:46] states: "Do not remove
[any of the meat] from the house...."

124
Not to allow any of the remaining portions of the meal offerings to
leaven, as [Leviticus 6:10] states: "It shall not be baked as leaven.
Their portion...."

125
Not to eat the meat of the Paschal sacrifice raw or boiled in water, as
[Exodus 12:9] states: "Do not eat from it raw or boiled in water."

126
Not to feed the meat of the Paschal sacrifice to a resident alien, as
[Exodus 12:45] states: "No temporary resident or hired worker may
eat from it."
127
Not to feed the meat of the Paschal sacrifice to an uncircumcised
male, as [Exodus 12:48] states: "No uncircumcised person may eat of
it."

128
Not to feed the meat of the Paschal sacrifice to an apostate Jew, as
[Exodus 12:43] states: "No outsider may eat from it." This refers to a
Jew who has become assimilated among the gentiles and serves false
gods, as they do. He must not partake [of the Paschal sacrifice].

129
For a person who became ritually impure not to partake of
consecrated foods, as [Leviticus 6:20] states: "And a soul who
partakes of the meat of the peace sacrifice while he is impure...."

130
Not to partake of consecrated foods that have contracted ritual
impurity, as [Leviticus 7:19] states: "Meat that has touched any
impurity shall not be eaten."

131
Not to eat sacrificial meat that has remained past the limits allotted for
its consumption, as [Leviticus 19:8] states: "One who eats it shall bear
his guilt,... his soul will be punished by karet."
132
Not to eat piggul, as [Leviticus 7:18] states: "It will not be accepted for
him. Instead, it will be considered as piggul. Any person who eats it
will bear his guilt." This sin is punishable by karet.

133
For an unauthorized person not to partake of the terumot,4as [Leviticus
22:10] states: "No unauthorized person shall eat it."

134
For even a tenant or a hired worker employed by a priest not to
partake of terumah, as [Leviticus 22:10] states: "A tenant of a priest or
[his] hired worker shall not eat the holy [food]."

135
For an uncircumcised person not to partake of terumah or other
consecrated foods. This concept was derived from a gezerah shavah
and is not explicitly mentioned in the Torah. [Nevertheless,] based on
the oral tradition, the prohibition against an uncircumcised person
partaking of consecrated foods is considered as a [prohibition of] the
Torah itself and not a decree of the Sages.5

136
For a priest who is impure not to partake of terumah, as [Leviticus
22:4] states: "Any of your descendants... shall not eat from the
consecrated foods."6
137
For a chalalah not to partake of consecrated foods, neither terumah,
nor the breast and the shankbone [given to the priest], as [Leviticus
22:12] states: "When a priest's daughter marries an unauthorized
person, she shall not eat [from the sacred, elevated gifts]."

138
For a meal offering brought by a priest not to be eaten, as [Leviticus
6:15] states: "Any meal offering brought by a priest shall be consumed
entirely [by fire]; it shall not be eaten."

139
Not to partake of the meat of the sin offerings [whose blood is
sprinkled] within [the Temple sanctuary], as [Leviticus 6:23] states:
"Any sin offering whose blood has been brought...."

140
Not to partake of consecrated animals that were disqualified [for use
as sacrifices because] a blemish was intentionally inflicted upon them,
as [Deuteronomy 14:3] states: "Do not eat of any abomination."
According to the oral tradition, we have learned that the verse refers to
consecrated animals that were disqualified for use because of a
blemish inflicted upon them.

141
Not to eat grain [separated as] the second tithe outside of Jerusalem,
as [Deuteronomy 12:17] states: "You may not eat within your gates the
tithe from your grain."

142
Not to consume wine [separated as] the second tithe outside of
Jerusalem, as [Deuteronomy, ibid.] continues: "...your wine...."

143
Not to consume oil [separated as] the second tithe outside of
Jerusalem, as [Deuteronomy, ibid.] continues: "...and your oil...."

144
Not to eat an unblemished firstling animal outside of Jerusalem, as
[Deuteronomy, ibid.] states: "You may not eat [within your gates]... and
the firstlings [of your cattle and flocks]...."

145
For the priests not to eat a sin offering or a guilt offering outside the
Temple courtyard, as [Deuteronomy, ibid.] continues: "...your cattle
and your flocks." According to the oral tradition, the purpose of this
phrase is only to forbid the consumption of the sin offerings and the
guilt offerings outside the Temple courtyard. Anything that is eaten
outside the place intended for it is covered by the [prohibition]: "You
may not eat within your gates...."

146
Not to eat the meat of a burnt offering, as [Deuteronomy, ibid.] states:
"You may not [eat]...[the sacrifices] you have vowed [to bring]...,"
meaning to say: You may not eat [the sacrifices] you have vowed to
give. This is a warning against a person's benefiting from the
[unauthorized use] of consecrated articles which he is forbidden to
use. If he derives such benefit, he transgresses.

147
Not to eat the meat of sacrifices of a lesser order of holiness before
the sprinkling of their blood, as [Deuteronomy, ibid.] states: "You may
not [eat]... the [animals] you have pledged [to bring as sacrifices]..." -
i.e., you are not allowed to eat from the sacrifices you have pledged
until their blood has been sprinkled.

148
For an unauthorized person not to eat the meat of the sacrifices of the
highest order of sanctity, as [Exodus 29:33] states: "An unauthorized
person shall not partake of them, for they are holy."

149
For a priest not to partake of the first fruits [Bikkurim] before they are
placed down in the Temple courtyard, as [Deuteronomy, ibid.] states:
"You may not [eat]... the elevated gifts [delivered by] hand." The [latter
phrase] refers to the first fruits.

150
Not to eat the second tithe which has become impure, even within
Jerusalem, until it has been redeemed, as [Deuteronomy 26:14]
states: "I have not consumed it while it is impure."

151
Not to eat the second tithe while in mourning, as [Deuteronomy, ibid.]
states: "I have not eaten from it while in mourning."

152
Not to use the proceeds [from the redemption of] the second tithe for
anything aside from food and drink, as [Deuteronomy, ibid.] states: "I
have not used it for the dead." Anything that is not associated with the
needs of a living body is referred to as "used for the dead."7

153
Not to eat tevel. Tevel refers to produce from which one is obligated to
separate terumah and tithes from which God's terumah has not been
separated, as [Leviticus 22:15] states: "And they shall not profane the
sacred gifts which the children of Israel will separate for God." This
implies that the produce which [the Jews] will ultimately separate for
God should not be treated in a mundane manner and eaten while
tevel.

154
Not to separate terumah before the first fruits, nor the first tithe before
terumah, nor the second tithe before the first. Rather, [the agricultural
gifts] must be given in order - first, the first fruits; afterwards, terumah;
afterwards, the first tithe; and, afterwards, the second tithe - as
[implied by Exodus 22:28]: "Do not delay your offerings of newly
ripened produce and your agricultural offerings." [This means:] Do not
delay bringing an offering that should be brought first.

155
Not to delay bringing sacrifices you have vowed to offer, or animals
which you have pledged to bring as sacrifices, as [Deuteronomy
23:22] states: "[When you make a pledge to God,] do not delay paying
it."

156
Not to make a festive pilgrimage without [bringing] a sacrifice, as
[Exodus 23:15] states: "Do not appear before Me empty-handed."

157
Not to violate a vow which a person makes forbidding his use of
anything, as [Numbers 30:3] states: "He shall not violate his word."

158
For a priest not to marry an immoral woman [zonah], as [Leviticus
21:7] states: "They shall not marry an immoral woman or a chalalah."

159
For a priest not to marry a chalalah,8 as [Leviticus 21:7] states: "They
shall not marry... a chalalah."
160
For a priest not to marry a divorcee, as [Leviticus 21:7] states: "...nor
may they marry a woman divorced from her husband."

161
For a High Priest not to marry a widow, as [Leviticus 21:14] states: "A
widow, a divorcee, a chalalah, or an immoral woman - these he must
not marry."

162
For a High Priest not to have sexual relations with a widow even
outside the context of marriage, because by doing so he profanes her,
as [Leviticus 21:15] states: "He shall not profane his progeny...." This
[also] implies that he must not cause a woman eligible to marry a
priest to become ineligible [as happens through the relations
described above].

163
For a priest not to enter the Temple with hair that has grown
unseemingly long, as [implied by Leviticus 10:6]: "Do not let your hair
grow long."a

164
For a priest not to enter the Temple with torn garments, as [implied by
Leviticus, ibid.]: "Do not rend your garments."
165
For a priest not to leave the Temple courtyard in the midst of service,
as [implied by Leviticus 10:7]: "Do not depart from before the entrance
to the Tent of Testimony."

166
For a common priest not to become impure through contact with a
corpse [with the exception of the specific instances permitted by the
Torah], as [Leviticus 21:1] states: "He shall not become impure
[through contact with] the dead."

167
For a High Priest not to become impure [through contact with any
corpse], even [those of] his relatives, as [Leviticus 21:11] states: "He
shall not become impure, [even] for his father and mother."

168
For a High Priest not to enter the place where a corpse is found, as
[Leviticus 21:11] states: "He should not come in contact with any dead
body." According to the oral tradition, we have learned that he is
obligated [for violating both the prohibitions:] not to become impure
and not to enter [the place of a corpse].

169
For the tribe of Levi not to take a portion of Eretz Yisrael, as
[Deuteronomy 18:2] states: "He shall not receive an inheritance."
170
For the tribe of Levi not to take a portion of the spoils in the conquest
of Eretz Yisrael, as [Deuteronomy 18:1] states: "The priests and the
Levites shall not receive a portion or an inheritance."

171
Not to tear out hair [in mourning] for the dead, as [Deuteronomy 14:1]
states: "Do not make a bald spot upon your heads."

172
Not to eat non-kosher animals, as [Deuteronomy 14:7] states:
"Nevertheless, among those who chew the cud, these you may not
eat...."

173
Not to eat non-kosher fish, as [Leviticus 11:11] states: "They shall be
[regarded as] a detestable thing for you. Do not eat of their flesh."

174
Not to eat non-kosher birds, as [Leviticus 11:13] states: "These birds
you must regard as detestable. Do not eat them."

175
Not to eat flying insects, as [Deuteronomy 14:19] states: "Every flying
insect [that is] not-kosher for you shall not be eaten."
176
Not to eat insects that breed on land, as [Leviticus 11:41] states:
"Every insect that creeps upon the earth must be regarded as
detestable. It may not be eaten."

177
Not to eat anything that creeps on the earth, as [Leviticus 11:44]
states: "Do not make your souls impure with any insect that creeps
upon the earth."

178
Not to eat worms that breed in produce after they become exposed to
the air, as [Leviticus 11:42] states: "...for any swarming creature which
breeds upon the land, you shall not eat them."

179
Not to eat swarming creatures that breed in the water, as [Leviticus
11:43] states: "Do not make yourselves detestable [by eating] any
swarming creature."

180
Not to eat carrion, as [Deuteronomy 14:21] states: "Do not eat
carrion."

181
Not to eat an animal with a mortal infliction (trefah), as [Exodus 22:30]
states: "Do not eat flesh torn off [by a predator]."

182
Not to eat a limb from a living animal, as [Deuteronomy 12:23] states:
"Do not eat the life [of an animal] with its flesh."

183
Not to eat the displaced [sciatic] nerve as [Genesis 32:33] states:
"Therefore, the children of Israel do not eat the displaced nerve."

184
Not to consume blood, as [Leviticus 7:26] states: "Do not consume
any blood."

185
Not to partake of [hard] fat, as [Leviticus 7:23] states: "Do not eat any
of the fat in an ox, sheep, or goat."

186
Not to cook meat and milk [together], as [Exodus 23:19] states: "Do
not cook a kid in its mother's milk."

187
Not to eat meat and milk [together], as [Exodus 34:26] states: "Do not
cook a kid in its mother's milk." Based on the oral tradition, we have
learned that one [of these verses] implies a prohibition against cooking
[the two together], and the other, a prohibition against eating [from the
combination].

188
Not to partake of the meat of an ox that was stoned to death, as
[Exodus 21:28] states: "And do not eat its flesh."

189
Not to eat bread made from newly grown produce before Pesach, as
[Leviticus 23:14] states: "[Until that day,...] you may not eat bread..."

190
Not to eat roasted grain from newly grown produce before Pesach, as
[Leviticus, ibid.] continues: "[Until that day,...] you may not eat...
roasted grain..."

191
Not to eat fresh grain from newly grown produce before Pesach, as
[Leviticus, ibid.] continues: "[Until that day,...] you may not eat... fresh
grain."

192
Not to eat orlah for three years, as [Leviticus 19:23] states: "For three
years, you must regard its fruit as a forbidden growth. It may not be
eaten."
193
Not to eat mixed species planted in a vineyard, as [Deuteronomy 22:9]
states: "...lest the yield of the crops you planted and the fruit of the
vineyard shall become forfeit." This refers to a prohibition against
eating [such produce].

194
Not to drink wine used for idolatrous libations, as [Deuteronomy 32:38]
states: "...who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their
libations."a

195
Not to eat or drink like a glutton and a drunkard, as [Deuteronomy
21:20] states: "This son of ours is a glutton and a drunkard."9

196
Not to eat on the day of the fast [of Yom Kippur], as [Leviticus 23:29]
states: "For any person who does not afflict himself [on that day]...."

197
Not to partake of chametz on Pesach, as [Exodus 13:3] states: "Do
not eat chametz."

198
Not to eat a mixture of chametz, as [Exodus 12:20] states: "Do not eat
any leavened matter."a

199
Not to eat chametz after noontime on the fourteenth [of Nisan], as
[Deuteronomy 16:3] states: "Do not eat chametz with it."a

200
Not to have chametz seen [in one's possession during Pesach], as
[Exodus 13:7] states: "No chametz and no leaven may be seen in your
territories."

201
Not to have chametz found [in one's possession during Pesach], as
[Exodus 13:7] states: "No chametz may be found in your homes."

202
For a Nazarite not to drink wine or partake of anything in which wine
was mixed and has the taste of wine, as [Numbers 6:3] states: "He
shall not drink any grape beverage." [This prohibition applies] even if
the wine or other beverage with which the wine was mixed has
become sour, as the above verse states: "He may not drink vinegar
from wine or wine-brandy."

203
[For a Nazarite] not to eat fresh grapes, as [Numbers, ibid.] states:
"[He shall not eat] fresh... grapes."
204
[For a Nazarite] not to eat raisins, as [Numbers, ibid.] states: "[He shall
not eat]... dried grapes."

205
[For a Nazarite] not to eat grape seeds, as [Numbers 6:4] states: "He
shall not eat [anything from wine grapes] from its seeds...."

206
[For a Nazarite] not to eat grape peels, as [Numbers, ibid.] continues:
"He shall not eat [anything from wine grapes,...] to its peels."

207
For a Nazarite not to become impure through contact with a dead
body, as [Numbers 6:7] states: "He may not become impure even for
his father, his mother,...."

208
[For a Nazarite] not to enter below any roof beneath which a corpse is
found, as [Leviticus 21:11] states: "He shall not come into contact with
any dead body."10

209
[For a Nazarite] not to shave, as [Numbers 6:5] states: "A razor shall
not pass upon his head."
210
Not to harvest one's entire field, as [Leviticus 23:22] states: "Do not
completely harvest the ends of your fields."

211
Not to gather the [individual] stalks that fall in the harvest, as
[Leviticus, ibid.] states: "Do not gather the leket of your harvest."

212
Not to harvest underdeveloped grape clusters, as [Leviticus 19:10]
states: "Do not pick the incompletely formed grape clusters in your
vine-yard."

213
Not to gather individual [fallen grapes], as [Leviticus, ibid.] states: "Do
not gather the individual [fallen grapes] in your vineyard."

214
Not to take a sheaf which has been forgotten, as [Deuteronomy 24:19]
states: "Do not go back to take it." [This prohibition also applies to] all
trees, as [ibid. 24:20] states: "Do not carefully re-harvest it."

215
Not to sow mixed species of seeds together, as [Leviticus 19:19]
states: "Do not sow different species of seed in your field."
216
Not to sow grain or vegetables in a vineyard, as [Deuteronomy 22:9]
states: "Do not plant different species in your vineyard."

217
Not to crossbreed different species of animals, as [Leviticus 19:19]
states: "Do not crossbreed your livestock with other species."

218
Not to work with two different species of animals together, as
[Deuteronomy 22:10] states: "Do not plow with an ox and a donkey
together."

219
Not to muzzle an ox while it is working with produce from which it
would eat and derive benefit, as [Deuteronomy 25:4] states: "Do not
muzzle an ox while it is treading grain."

220
Not to cultivate the land in the seventh year, as [Leviticus 25:4] states:
"Do not sow your field."

221
Not to cultivate trees in the seventh year, as [Leviticus, ibid.]
continues: "Do not prune your vineyard."
222
Not to reap crops that grow on their own in the seventh year in the
same manner as in an ordinary year, as [Leviticus 25:5] states: "Do
not reap the crops of your harvest that grow on their own."

223
Not to reap fruit that grows on trees in the seventh year in the same
manner as in an ordinary year, as [Leviticus, ibid.] continues: "...and
do not gather the grapes of your vines from which you must abstain."

224
Not to do [agricultural] work - whether with land or trees - in the
Jubilee year, as [Leviticus 25:11] states: "Do not sow...."

225
Not to reap crops that grow on their own in the Jubilee year in the
same manner as in an ordinary year, as [Leviticus, ibid.] states: "Do
not harvest the crops which grow on their own."

226
Not to reap the fruit of the Jubilee year in the same manner as in an
ordinary year, as [Leviticus, ibid.] continues: "...and do not gather the
grapes of your vines from which you must abstain."

227
Not to sell a field in Eretz Yisrael in perpetuity, as [Leviticus 25:23]
states: "Do not make a permanent sale of the land."a

228
Not to change [the purpose of] the open areas and fields [granted to]
the Levites, as [Leviticus 25:34] states: "The fields of the open areas
[surrounding] their cities shall not be sold." According to the oral
tradition, we have learned that this verse is a prohibition against
changing [the purpose for which these lands are used].

229
Not to forsake the Levites, as [Deuteronomy 12:191 states: "Be very
careful not to abandon the Levite." Rather, we must give them the
portions they are due and rejoice with them on each of the festivals.

230
Not to demand the repayment of a loan after the seventh year has
passed, as [Deuteronomy 15:2] states: "Do not demand payment from
your fellow man."

231
Not to withhold lending money to a poor person because of the advent
of the shemitah year, as [Deuteronomy 15:9] states "Be careful, lest
an idea...[occur to you....]" This is an accepted general principle:
Whenever [the Torah] uses the expressions "Be careful," "Lest," or
"Do not," a negative commandment is involved.
232
Not to withhold lending money to a poor person or providing him with
his needs, as [Deuteronomy 15:7] states: "Do not harden your heart."
Thus, a person who gives charity fulfills a positive commandment,
while one who spurns the opportunity to give not only fails to perform
a positive commandment, but also transgresses a negative
commandment.

233
Not to send away a Hebrew servant empty-handed when he goes
free, as [Deuteronomy 15:13] states: "Do not send him away empty-
handed."

234
Not to demand payment of a debt from a poor person when one
knows that he is impoverished, nor to cause him grief, as [Exodus
22:24] states: "Do not behave like a creditor towards him."

235
Not to lend at interest to a Jew, as [Leviticus 25:37] states: "Do not
lend him your money at interest."

236
Not to borrow with interest, as [inferred from Deuteronomy 23:20,
which] states: "Do not take interest from your brother." According to
the oral tradition, this verse is interpreted as a prohibition, forbidding a
borrower from paying interest to a lender.

237
Not to intermediate between the borrower and lender when interest is
involved, not to act as a guarantor or a witness [to such a loan], nor to
draw up a contract for it, as [Exodus 22:24] states: "Do not charge him
interest."

238
Not to delay payment of a worker, as [Leviticus 19:13] states: "Do not
hold back a worker's wages overnight."

239
Not to take security from a debtor by force, as [Deuteronomy 24:10]
states: "Do not enter his home to take security."

240
Not to withhold the return of security to its owner when he needs it, as
[Deuteronomy 24:12] states: "Do not lie down [to sleep] with his
security" - i.e., do not lie down while holding his security. Instead,
return it to him at night when he needs it at night.

241
Not to take security from a widow, as [Deuteronomy 24:17] states: "Do
not take a widow's garment as security."
242
Not to take utensils used in the preparation of food, as [Deuteronomy
24:6] states: "Do not take either the upper or lower millstone as a
pledge."

243
Not to kidnap a Jewish person, as [Exodus 20:15] states: "Do not
steal." This refers to kidnapping.

244
Not to steal, as [Leviticus 19:11] states: "Do not steal." This refers to
stealing money.

245
Not to rob, as [Leviticus 19:13] states: "Do not rob."

246
Not to alter land boundaries, as [Deuteronomy 19:14] states: "Do not
remove your neighbor's landmark."

247
Not to wrong [a colleague by withholding his due], as [Leviticus 19:13]
states: "Do not wrong your neighbor."
248
Not to deny [a just claim], as [Leviticus 19:11] states: "Do not deny
your neighbor's [claim]."

249
Not to swear falsely in denying a monetary [obligation to] a colleague,
as [Leviticus, ibid.] states: "Do not swear [falsely]" - i.e., do not swear
falsely about money owed to a colleague.

250
Not to cheat in business, as [Leviticus 25:14] states: "One man should
not cheat his brother."

251
Not to hurt someone with words, as [Leviticus 25:17] states: "And one
man shall not wrong another." This [prohibition refers to] hurting
someone with words.

252
Not to hurt a convert with words, as [Exodus 22:20] states: "And do
not wrong a convert...."

253
Not to cheat a convert in business, as [Exodus, ibid.] continues: "...nor
oppress him."
254
Not to return a slave who fled to Eretz Yisrael to his master [who lives]
in the Diaspora, as [Deuteronomy 23:16] states: "Do not deliver a
servant to his master."

255
Not to wrong such a servant, as [Deuteronomy 23:17] states: "He shall
dwell in your midst, in the place which he selects... as he sees fit. Do
not wrong him."

256
Not to oppress any widow or orphan, as [Exodus 22:21] states: "Do
not oppress any widow or orphan."a

257
Not to have a Hebrew servant perform servile tasks, as [Leviticus
25:39] states: "Do not work him like a slave."

258
Not to sell [a Hebrew servant] as slaves are sold, as [Leviticus 25:42]
states: "Do not sell him as slaves are sold."

259
Not to make a Hebrew servant perform rigorous work, as [Leviticus
25:43] states: "Do not rule over him with rigor."
260
Not to allow a gentile [who purchased a Hebrew servant] to make him
work rigorously, as [Leviticus 25:53] states: "He shall not rule over him
with rigor."

261
Not to sell a Hebrew maidservant to another person, as [Exodus 21:8]
states: "He shall have no power to sell her."

262
Not to withhold from a Hebrew maidservant who has been designated
as a bride living expenses, clothing, or conjugal rights, as [Exodus
21:10] states: "He may not diminish her living expenses, clothing, or
conjugal rights." The above applies also to other wives.

263
Not to sell a yefat to'ar, as a maidservant as [Deuteronomy 21:14]
states: "Do not sell her."

264
Not to force a yefat to'ar to serve as a maidservant, as [Deuteronomy,
ibid.] continues: "Do not rule over her."

265
Not to covet, as [Exodus 20:14] states: "Do not be envious of your
neighbor's wife."

266
Not to desire, as [Deuteronomy 5:18] states: "Do not desire your
neighbor's house."

267
For a worker who is harvesting crops not to eat from the unpicked
produce before he has finished work, as [Deuteronomy 23:26] states:
"Do not lift a sickle...."

268
For a worker not to take more than what he eats [from the produce he
harvests], as [Deuteronomy 23:25] states: "Do not put any into your
receptacles."

269
Not to ignore a lost object, as [Deuteronomy 22:3] states: "You may
not ignore it."

270
Not to leave an animal fallen under its load on the road, as
[Deuteronomy 22:4] states: "You may not watch your neighbor's
donkey...."
271
Not to falsify measurements, as [Leviticus 19:35] states: "Do not act
deceitfully in judgment...." According to the oral tradition, we have
learned that this verse prohibits acting deceitfully regarding
measurements.

272
Not to possess two sets of weights and measures, as [Deuteronomy
25:13] states: "You may not have in your home...."

273
Not to act deceitfully in judgment, as [Leviticus 19:15] states: "Do not
pervert justice."

274
Not to accept bribes, as [Exodus 23:8] states: "Do not take a bribe."

275
Not to honor a man of stature in judgment, as [Leviticus 19:15] states:
"Do not show respect to a great man."

276
For a judge not to fear rendering [a just] judgment because of a
wicked man, as [Deuteronomy 1:17] states: "Do not fear anyone."
277
Not to have mercy on a poor person in judgment, as [Exodus 23:3]
states: "And do not favor a poor man in his cause."

278
Not to pervert judgment against a sinner, as [implied by Exodus 23:6,
which] states: "Do not pervert the judgment of a poor person." This
refers to someone who is poor with regard to [the observance of] the
mitzvot.

279
Not to have pity on a person who has caused damages in judgments
concerning fines, as [Deuteronomy 25:12] states: "Let your eye not
pity."

280
Not to pervert the justice due converts or orphans, as [Deuteronomy
24:17] states: "Do not pervert the judgment of a convert or an orphan."

281
Not to listen to one litigant in the absence of the other, as [Exodus
23:1] states: "Do not hear a false report."

282
Not to render a conviction in a capital case when there is only a
majority of one, as [Exodus 23:2] states: "Do not follow the majority to
do evil."

283
For a person who argued in favor of acquittal in a capital case not to
argue for a conviction, as [Exodus, ibid.] states: "Do not speak up in a
trial to influence...."b

284
Not to appoint as a judge a man who is unlearned in the Torah, even if
he is learned in other disciplines, as [Deuteronomy 1:17] states: "Do
not show favoritism regarding judgment."

285
Not to give false testimony, as [Exodus 20:13] states: "Do not give
false testimony against your neighbor."

286
For a sinner not to act as a witness, as [Exodus 23:1] states: "Do not
conspire with a wicked person to be a corrupt witness."

287
For a relative not to act as a witness, as [Deuteronomy 24:16] states:
"Fathers shall not die because of children." According to the oral
tradition, we have learned [that the verse teaches that] fathers should
not die through the testimony of [their] sons. The same law applies
regarding other relatives.

288
Not to render a decision based on the testimony of a single witness,
as [Deuteronomy 19:15] states: "A single witness shall not rise up
against a person."

289
Not to kill an innocent person, as [Exodus 20:13] states: "Do not
murder."

290
Not to render a decision on the basis of a presumption, unless two
witnesses observe the actual matter, as [Exodus 23:7] states: "Do not
slay the innocent and the righteous."a

291
For a witness not to render a decision in a capital case in which he
testified, as [Numbers 35:30] states: "One witness shall not testify in a
capital case..."

292
Not to execute a person liable for execution before he stands trial, as
[Numbers 35:12] states: "The murderer shall not die [until he stands
before the congregation]."
293
Not to have pity on a pursuer. Rather, he should be killed before he
kills or rapes the person he is pursuing, as [Deuteronomy 25:12]
states: "And you shall cut off her hand. Show no pity."

294
Not to punish a person forced [to commit a sin], as [Deuteronomy
22:26] states: "Do not do anything to the maiden."a

295
Not to take a ransom from a murderer, as [Numbers 35:31] states: "Do
not take a ransom for the life of a murderer."

296
Not to take a ransom in return for exile for a person who kills
accidentally, as [Numbers 35:32] states: "And do not take a ransom
[for having] to flee to his refuge city."

297
Not to neglect [a person] in mortal danger, as [Leviticus 19:16] states:
"Do not stand still in the face of mortal danger."

298
Not to leave obstacles, as [Deuteronomy 22:8] states: "...lest you bring
blood upon your house."
299
Not to mislead an unsuspecting person, as [Leviticus 19:14] states:
"Do not place a stumbling block before the blind."

300
Not to add lashes when whipping a person liable for such punishment,
as [Deuteronomy 25:3] states: "Do not add [lashes], lest by [giving
him] this additional [punishment]...."

301
Not to gossip, as [Leviticus 19:16] states: "Do not go around as a
gossiper among your people."

302
Not to bear hatred in one's heart, as [Leviticus 19:17] states: "Do not
hate your brother in your heart."

303
Not to embarrass any Jewish person, as [Leviticus, ibid.] states: "You
shall surely rebuke your neighbor and not bear a sin because of him."

304
Not to take revenge, as [Leviticus 19:18] states: "Do not take
revenge."
305
Not to bear a grudge, as [Leviticus, ibid.] states: "Do not bear a
grudge."

306
Not to take a mother bird together with the young, as [Deuteronomy
22:6] states: "Do not take the mother bird together with the young."

307
Not to shave the hair around a bald spot brought about by tzaraat], as
[Leviticus 13:33] states: "And he shall not shave the bald spot."a

308
Not to remove the signs of tzaraat, as [Deuteronomy 24:8] states: "Be
very careful concerning signs of tzaraat."

309
Not to till or sow the land [around] a powerful river [at which
atonement was made for an unsolved murder], as [Deuteronomy 21:4]
states: "...which must never be tilled and never be sown."

310
Not to allow a sorcerer to live, as [Exodus 22:17] states: "Do not allow
a witch to live."
311
For a groom not to be held liable for any type of public service - e.g.,
army, guarding the walls [of a city], and the like - as [Deuteronomy
24:5] states: "He shall not go out to the army, nor be charged with any
duties."a

312
Not to reject the authority of the court, as [Deuteronomy 17:11] states:
"Do not swerve from the word which they tell you."

313
Not to add to the mitzvot of the Torah. [This applies] both to the
Written Law and to its explanation conveyed by the oral tradition, as
[Deuteronomy 13:1] states: "Carefully observe everything which I
command you to do. Do not add to it."

314
Not to diminish from any of the mitzvot of the Torah, as [Deuteronomy,
ibid.] continues: "...and do not diminish from it."

315
Not to curse a judge, as [Exodus 22:27] states: "Do not curse judges."

316
Not to curse a nasi - i.e., the king or the head of the academy in Eretz
Yisrael - as [Exodus, ibid.] continues: "...and do not curse the nasi of
your people."

317
Not to curse any other Jew, as [Leviticus 19:14] states: "Do not curse
[even] a deaf-mute."

318
Not to curse one's father or mother, as [Exodus 21:17] states: "One
who curses his father or mother shall surely die."a

319
Not to strike one's father or mother, as [Exodus 21:15] states: "One
who strikes his father or mother shall surely die."

320
Not to work on the Sabbath, as [Exodus 20:10] states: "Do not do any
work."

321
Not to travel beyond the boundaries of a city on the Sabbath as
travelers do, as [Exodus 16:29] states: "A person should not leave his
place [on the Sabbath day]."a

322
[For a court] not to inflict punishment on the Sabbath, as [Exodus
35:3] states: "Do not kindle a fire on the Sabbath day."

323
Not to work on the first day of Pesach, as [Leviticus 23:7] states
concerning it: "Do not do any servile11 work on these [days]."

324
Not to work on the seventh day of Pesach, as [Leviticus 23:8] states
concerning it: "Do not do any servile work on these [days]."

325
Not to work on the holiday of Shavuot, as [Leviticus 23:21] states
concerning it: "Do not do any servile work."

326
Not to work on the first day of the seventh month [the day of Rosh
HaShanah], as [Leviticus 23:25] states concerning it: "Do not do any
servile work."

327
Not to work on Yom Kippur, as [Leviticus 23:28] states concerning it:
"Do not do any servile12 work."

328
Not to work on the first day of the festival [of Sukkot], as [Leviticus
23:35] states concerning it: "Do not do any servile work."

329
Not to work on the eighth day of the festival [of Sukkot], as [Leviticus
23:36] states concerning it: "Do not do any servile work."

330
Not to have intimate relations with one's mother, as [Leviticus 18:7]
states: "She is your mother, do not commit incest with her."

331
Not to have intimate relations with one's sister, as [Leviticus 18:9]
states: "Do not commit incest with your sister, your father's daughter."

332
Not to have intimate relations with one's father's wife, as [Leviticus
18:8] states: "Do not commit incest with your father's wife."

333
Not to have intimate relations with a sister,13 [the daughter of] either
your father or your mother, as [Leviticus 18:11] states: "She is the
daughter of your father, your father's progeny, do not commit incest
with her."

334
Not to have intimate relations with one's son's daughter, as [Leviticus
18:10] states: "[Do not commit] incest with your son's daughter."

335
Not to have intimate relations with one's daughter's daughter, as
[Leviticus, ibid.] continues: "...and do not commit incest with your
daughter's daughter."

336
Not to have intimate relations with one's daughter. Why was this
prohibition not explicitly stated in the Torah? Since the Torah forbade
[relations with] one's daughter's daughter, it did not mention [the
prohibition against relations with] one's daughter. [Nevertheless,
according to the oral tradition, the prohibition against [relations with]
one's daughter has the status of a Torah law like the other sexual
offences [and is not considered as Rabbinic in origin].14

337
Not to have intimate relations with a woman and her daughter, as
[Leviticus 18:17] states: "Do not commit incest [by marrying] a woman
and her daughter."

338
Not to have intimate relations with a woman and her son's daughter,
as [Leviticus, ibid.] continues: "...her son's daughter...."

339
Not to have intimate relations with a woman and her daughter's
daughter, as [Leviticus, ibid.] continues: "...her daughter's daughter,...
you shall not take."

340
Not to have intimate relations with one's mother's sister, as [Leviticus
18:13] states: "Do not commit incest with your mother's sister."

341
Not to have intimate relations with one's father's sister, as [Leviticus
18:12] states: "Do not commit incest with your father's sister."

342
Not to have intimate relations with the wife of one's father's brother, as
[Leviticus 18:14] states: "Do not commit incest with his wife. [She is
your aunt.]"

343
Not to have intimate relations with one's son's wife, as [Leviticus
18:15] states: "Do not commit incest with your daughter-in-law."

344
Not to have intimate relations with one's brother's wife, as [Leviticus
18:16] states: "Do not commit incest with your brother's wife."

345
Not to have intimate relations with one's wife's sister, as [Leviticus
18:18] states: "Do not take a woman as a wife together with her
sister."

346
Not to have intimate relations with a woman in the niddah state, as
[Leviticus 18:19] states: "Do not come close to a woman in the niddah
state of impurity."

347
Not to have intimate relations with a married woman, as [Leviticus
18:20] states: "Do not lie carnally with your neighbor's wife."

348
Not to perform a sexual act with an animal, as [Leviticus 18:23] states:
"And do not lie carnally with any animal."

349
For a woman not to perform a sexual act with an animal, as [Leviticus
18:23] continues: "...and a woman should not present herself to an
animal for sexual purposes."

350
Not to commit sodomy, as [Leviticus 18:22] states: "And do not lie with
a male...."
351
Not to commit sodomy with one's father, as [Leviticus 18:7] states: "Do
not commit a sexual offense with your father."

352
Not to commit sodomy with one's father's brother, as [Leviticus 18:14]
states: "Do not commit a sexual offense with your father's brother."

353
Not to be intimate with a woman with whom sexual relations are
forbidden in matters that might lead to intercourse - e.g., embracing,
kissing, winks, or signs - as [Leviticus 18:6] states: "No person shall
approach a close relative to commit a sexual offense. Based on the
oral tradition, we have learned that this prohibits intimacy that might
lead to sexual relations .a

354
For a mamzer not to marry a natural born Jewess, as [Deuteronomy
23:31 states: "A mamzer may not enter God's congregation."

355
For there not to be a kedeishah - i.e., a woman who engages in
intimate relations without a marriage contract and a marriage
ceremony - [among the Jewish people], as [Deuteronomy 23:18]
states: "There shall not be akedeishah...."a
356
For a man who is divorced not to remarry his divorcee after she
marries anyone else, as [Deuteronomy 24:4] states: "Her first husband
who divorced her may not take her as a wife again."

357
For a yevamah not to marry anyone other than her yavam, as
[Deuteronomy 25:5] states: "The wife of the deceased shall not...."

358
For a rapist not to divorce the woman he raped, as [Deuteronomy
22:29] states: "He may not send her away for his entire life."

359
For a person who defamed his wife's character not to divorce her, as
[Deuteronomy 22:19] states: "He may not send her away for his entire
life."

360
For a man incapable of procreation not to marry a natural born
Jewess, as [Deuteronomy 23:2] states: "A man with crushed
testicles... may not enter [God's congregation]."

361
Not to castrate a male from any species - neither a human, a domestic
animal, a wild beast, nor a bird, as [Leviticus 22:24] states: "You shall
not do this in your land."

362
Not to appoint a convert [to a position of authority] over the Jewish
people, as [Deuteronomy 17:15] states: "You may not appoint a
foreigner over you."

363
For a king not to accumulate many horses, as [Deuteronomy 17:16]
states: "And he may not accumulate many horses."

364
For a king not to accumulate many wives, as [Deuteronomy 17:17]
states: "And he may not accumulate many wives."

365
For a king not to accumulate much silver and gold, as [Deuteronomy,
ibid.] continues: "And he may not accumulate very much silver and
gold.

These 613 mitzvot were given to Moses on Mount Sinai together with
their general principles, particular points, and details. These general
principles, particular points, and details represent the Oral Law, which
each court received from the previous court.
There are [also] other commandments that were instituted after the
giving of the Torah. They were established by the Prophets and Sages
and spread throughout Israel, for example, the reading of the Megillah,
[lighting] a Chanukah candle, fasting on Tish'ah b'Av, [setting up]
eruvim, and [washing one's] hands [in preparation for prayer and
eating]. Each of these commandments also possesses explanatory
aspects and details. All of this will be explained in this text.
We are obligated to accept and observe all these commandments
which [the Rabbis] instituted, as [implied by Deuteronomy 17:11]: "Do
not deviate from the instructions that they will give you, left or right."
They are not considered to be additions to the commandments of the
Torah. [If so,] what was the intention of the Torah's warning
(Deuteronomy 13:11): "Do not add to it and do not detract from it"?
That a prophet is not permitted to introduce a new measure and say
that the Holy One, blessed be He, commanded this mitzvah to us and
that it should be added to the Torah's mitzvot, or [say that He
commanded that we] eliminate one of the 613 mitzvot mentioned
above.
However, if a court, together with the prophet of that age, adds a
commandment as an ordinance, a lesson, or as a decree, this is not
considered as an addition. He is not saying that the Holy One, blessed
be He, commanded us to make an eruv or read the Megillah at its
[appointed] time. Were he to say so, he would be adding to the Torah.
Instead, we are saying that the prophets and the courts ordained and
commanded that the Megillah be read at its [appointed] time in order
to recall the praise of the Holy One, blessed be He, the salvation He
wrought for us, and His response to our cries, so that we will bless
Him, extol Him, and inform the future generations of the truth of the
Torah's promise (Deuteronomy 4:7): "What nation is so great that it
has God [close to it....]"
Similar principles apply with regard to all the other Rabbinic
commandments, be they positive commandments or negative
commandments.