1

The first of the positive commandments is the mitzvah to know that

there is a God, as [Exodus 20:2] states: "I am God, your Lord."

2
To unify Him, as [Deuteronomy 6:4] states: "God is our Lord, God is
one."

3
To love Him, as [Deuteronomy 6:5] states: "And you shall love God,
your Lord."

4
To fear Him, as [Deuteronomy 6:13] states: "Fear God, your Lord."

5
To pray, as [Exodus 23:25] states: "And you shall serve God, your
Lord." This service is prayer.a

6
To cling to Him, as [Deuteronomy 10:2] states: "And you shall cling to
Him."

7
To swear in His name, as [Deuteronomy 10:20] states: "And you shall
swear in His name."a,b

8
To emulate His good and just ways, as [Deuteronomy 28:9] states:
"And you shall walk in His ways."

9
To sanctify His name, as [Leviticus 22:32] states: "And I shall be
sanctified amidst the children of Israel."

10
To recite the Shema twice daily, as [Deuteronomy 6:2] states: "And
you shall speak of them when you lie down and when you arise."

11
To study Torah and to teach it [to others], as [Deuteronomy 6:2] states:
"And you shall teach them to your children."

12
To tie tefillin upon our heads, as [Deuteronomy 6:8] states: "And they
shall be an emblem between your eyes."

13
To tie tefillin upon our arms, as [Deuteronomy 6:8] states: "And you
shall tie them for a sign upon your arms."
14
To make tzitzit, as [Numbers 15:38] states: "And you shall make tzitzit
for them."

15
To affix a mezuzah, as [Deuteronomy 6:9] states: "And you shall write
them on the doorposts of your home."

16
To collect the people to hear the Torah [being read] in the year
following the shemitah year, as [Deuteronomy 31:12] states: "Gather
together the people."

17
For each man to write a Torah scroll for himself, as [Deuteronomy
31:19] states: "Write down this song."

18
For the king to write a second Torah scroll for himself in addition to the
one which [he is required to write to fulfill the mitzvah incumbent upon]
every man. Thus, he will have two Torah scrolls, as [Deuteronomy
17:19] states: "And he shall write for himself a copy of this Torah."

19
To bless [God] after eating, as [Deuteronomy 8:10] states: "[After] you
eat and are satisfied, you shall bless God, your Lord."

20
To build [God's] chosen house, [the Temple,] as [Exodus 25:8] states:
"And you shall make a sanctuary for Me."b

21
To revere this house, as [Leviticus 19:30] states: "And revere My
sanctuary."

22
To keep watch over this house continuously, as [Numbers 18:2,4]
states: "And you and- your descendants before the Tent of
Testimony.... [And they shall keep the watch....]"

23
For the Levites to serve in the sanctuary, as [Numbers 18:23] states:
"And the Levite shall serve...."

24
For a priest to sanctify his hands and feet at the time of service [in the
Temple], as [Exodus 30:19] states: "And Aaron and his sons will
wash...."

25
To prepare the candles of the Sanctuary, as [Exodus 27:21] states:
"Aaron and his sons shall prepare it."

26
For the priests to bless the Jews, as [Numbers 6:23] states: "In this
manner, you shall bless the children of Israel."

27
To arrange bread and frankincense before God [in the Temple] on
every Sabbath, as [Exodus 25:30] states: "And you shall place the
showbread on the table."b

28
To burn a spice offering twice [each] day, as [Exodus 30:7] states:
"And Aaron shall burn incense upon it...."

29
To keep a fire burning on the altar for burnt offerings continually, as
[Leviticus 6:6] states: "And you shall keep a fire burning continuously
on the altar."

30
To remove the ashes from the altar, as [Leviticus 6:3] states: "And he
shall remove the ashes...."

31
To send impure people out from the camp of the Divine Presence -
i.e., the sanctuary - as [Numbers 5:2] states: "And you shall send from
the camp all the leprous, any zav, and anyone who has contracted
impurity because of a corpse."

32
To show honor to Aaron's descendants and to give them priority
regarding all holy matters, as [Leviticus 21:8] states: "And you shall
sanctify him."

33
To clothe the priests with the priestly garments for service [in the
Temple], as [Exodus 28:2] states: "And you shall make holy
garments...."a

34
To carry the ark upon our shoulders when it is to be carried, as
[Numbers 7:9] states: "And they shall carry it on their shoulders."

35
To anoint the High Priests and kings with the anointing oil, as [Exodus
30:30-31] states: "[Anoint Aaron....] This shall be sacred anointing oil."

36
For the priests to serve in the sanctuary in individual watches; and for
them to all serve as one on the festivals, as [Deuteronomy 18:6-8]
states: "When the Levite shall come... [he can serve]...with the
exception of that which is theirs by ancestral right."a

37
For the priests to become ritually impure and mourn for their relatives
in the same manner as other Jews who are commanded to mourn, as
[Leviticus 21:3] states: "He shall become impure for her."

38
For a High Priest to marry a virgin, as [Leviti-cus 21:13] states: "And
he shall marry a woman who is a virgin."

39
To offer the tamid offerings each day, as [Numbers 28:3] states: "[This
is the fire offering...] two each day continuously."

40
For the High Priest to offer a meal offering each day, as [Leviticus
6:13] states: "This is the sacrifice of Aaron and his descendants."

41
To offer an additional sacrifice every Sabbath, as [Numbers 28:9]
states: "On the Sabbath day, two lambs...."

42
To offer an additional sacrifice every Rosh Chodesh, as [Numbers
28:11] states: "On your Rashei Chodashim...."

43
To offer an additional sacrifice on Pesach, as [Leviticus 23:36] states:
"For seven days, you will bring a fire offering unto God...."1

44
To bring the meal offering of the omer on the day after the first day of
Pesach together with a single lamb, as [Leviticus 23:10] states: "And
you shall bring the omer...."

45
To offer an additional sacrifice on Shavuot, as [Numbers 28:26] states:
"On the day of the first fruits [Bikkurim]...."

46
To bring two loaves and the sacrifices which accompany the loaves on
Shavuot, as [Leviticus 23:17] states: "From your dwellings, bring
bread as a wave offering. And you shall offer upon the bread...."

47
To offer an additional sacrifice on Rosh HaShanah, as [Numbers 29:1]
states: "And in the seventh month, on the first of the month...."

48
To offer an additional sacrifice on the fast [of Yom Kippur], as
[Numbers 29:7] states: "On the tenth of the seventh month...."

49
To carry out the service of the fast [of Yom Kippur], as [Leviticus 16:3]
states: "In this manner, Aaron will enter the [inner] sanctuary, with a
young bull...." All the [particulars of] this service are stated in the
parashah of Acharei Mot.

50
To offer an additional sacrifice on the holiday of Sukkot, as [Numbers
29:13] states: "And you shall present a burnt offering as a pleasing fra-
grance...."

51
To offer an additional sacrifice on Shemini Atzeret, for it is a festival in
its own right, as [Numbers 29:35] states: "And on the eighth day....

52
To celebrate on the festivals, as [Exodus 23:14] states: "And you shall
celebrate three festivals for Me."

53
To appear [before God in the Temple] on the festivals, as
[Deuteronomy 16:16] states: "On three occasions during the year, all
your males shall appear...."
54
To rejoice on the festivals, as [Deuteronomy 16:14] states: "And you
shall rejoice on your festivals."

55
To slaughter the Paschal lamb, as [Exodus 12:6] states: "And the
entire congregation shall slaughter it...."

56
To eat the meat of the Paschal sacrifice roasted on the night of the
fifteenth of Nisan, as [Exodus 12:8] states: "And they shall eat the
meat...."

57
To offer the second Paschal sacrifice, as [Numbers 9:11] states: "In
the second month, on the fourteenth of the month...."

58
To eat the meat of the second Paschal offering together with matzot
and bitter herbs, as [Numbers 9:11] states: "And you shall eat it with
matzot and bitter herbs."

59
To sound the trumpets when the sacrifices [are offered] and in times of
difficulty, as [Numbers 10:10] states: "And you shall sound the trum-
pets...."

60
For all animals to be sacrificed after their eighth day [of life], as
[Leviticus 22:27] states: "And on the eighth day and afterwards...."b

61
For all animal offerings to be unblemished, as [Leviticus 22:21] states:
"[When it is] unblemished, it will be desirable...."

62
To salt all the sacrifices, as [Leviticus 2:13] states: "Offer salt on all
your sacrifices."

63
The burnt offering, as [Leviticus 1:3] states:"If his is a burnt offering...."

64
The sin offering, as [Leviticus 6:18] states: "These are the laws of the
sin offering...."

65
The guilt offering, as [Leviticus 7:1] states: "These are the laws of the
guilt offering...."
66
The peace offering, as [Leviticus 7:11] states: "These are the laws of
the peace offering...."

67
The meal offering, as [Leviticus 2:1] states: "When a person presents
a meal offering...."

68
For the [High] Court to offer a sacrifice if it renders an erroneous
decision, as [Leviticus 4:13] states: "If the entire congregation of Israel
shall err...."

69
For each individual to offer a sin offering if he unintentionally violates a
negative commandment punishable by karet2, as [Leviticus 5:1] states:
"When a person sins...."3

70
For an individual to offer a sacrifice if he is in doubt whether or not he
transgressed a prohibition for which he would be liable for a sin
offering, as [Leviticus 5:17-18] states: "If he does not know, he still
bears responsibility...and he shall bring his guilt offering." This is
referred to as "the conditional guilt offering."
71
For [the following individuals:] a person who unknowingly used sacred
property, a person who sinned by stealing, one [who had relations
with] a maidservant designated for another person, or one who denied
possession of an entrusted object and took a [false] oath, to bring a
guilt offering. This is referred to as "the unconditional guilt offering."4

72
To offer "the adjustable guilt offering" [as atonement for the violation of
certain transgressions], as [Leviticus 5:1,11] states: "If his means are
not sufficient.... If his means do not suffice...."

73
For a person to confess before God for any sin which he has
committed. [This applies] when he brings a sacrifice [for atonement]
and when he does not bring a sacrifice, as [Numbers 5:6] states: "And
they shall confess the sins that they committed."5

74
For a zav to offer a sacrifice when he becomes purified [after his
affliction], as [Leviticus 15:13] states: "When a zav will become
pure...."

75
For a zavah to offer a sacrifice when she be-comes purified [after her
affliction], as [Leviticus 15:28] states: "When she becomes pure from
[the condition] of zavah...."

76
For a person afflicted with tzaraat to offer a sacrifice after he becomes
purified, as [Leviticus 14:1] states: "On the eighth day, he shall take...."

77
For a woman who gave birth to offer a sacrifice after she becomes
purified, as [Leviticus 12:6] states: "And after the conclusion of her
pure days...."

78
To tithe one's herds, as [Leviticus 27:32] states: "And all the tithes of
your cattle and sheep...."

79
To sanctify the firstborn of a kosher animal and offer it as a sacrifice,
as [Deuteronomy 15:19] states: "Every firstling which shall be born...."

80
To redeem firstborn sons, as [Numbers 18:15] states: "However, you
must surely redeem first-born humans."

81
To redeem a firstling donkey, as [Exodus 34:20] states: "Redeem a
firstling donkey with a sheep."

82
To decapitate a firstling donkey [which is not redeemed], as [Exodus
34:20] states: "If you do not redeem it, you must decapitate it."

83
For a person to bring all the sacrifices for which he is liable, be they
obligatory or voluntary offerings, on the first pilgrimage festival that oc-
curs, as [Deuteronomy 12:5-6] states: "And you shall come there...
and you shall bring there...."
Note: We have marked with the letter a those mitzvot concerning which the Ramban
(Nachmanides) differs with the Rambam in his Hasagot to Sefer HaMitzvot, and with the letter
b, those mitzvot concerning which the Ra'avad, in his gloss to the Mishneh Torah, differs with
the Rambam.

84
To sacrifice all the offerings in [God's] chosen house, [i.e., the
Temple,], as [Deuteronomy 12:14] states: "There, you will perform all
that I command you."

85
To tend to all the offerings from the Diaspora and bring them to Eretz
[Yisrael], to [God's] chosen house, [i.e., the Temple,] as [Deuteronomy
12:26] states: "Take the sacred offerings which you possess, and your
pledges, and come [to the place that God will choose]." Based on the
oral tradition, we have learned that this applies to sacred offerings
from the Diaspora.
86
To redeem sacred offerings that have becoming blemished, and thus
have them to be permitted [for mundane use], as [Deuteronomy 12:15]
states: "But whenever you desire, you may slaughter...." Based on the
oral tradition, we have learned that this refers only to sacred offerings
which have become disqualified and have been redeemed.

87
That an animal substituted for a sacred offering be regarded as
sacred, as [Leviticus 27:33] states: "Both [the original animal] and the
one substituted for it shall be consecrated."

88
To eat the remains of the meal offerings, as [Leviticus 6:9] states:
"Aaron and his sons will eat the remainder of it."

89
To eat the flesh of the sin and guilt offerings,6 as [Exodus 29:33]
states: "And they shall eat [the sacrifices] with which atonement was
made for them."

90
To burn sacred meat which became impure, as [Leviticus 7:19] states:
"And the flesh which touches anything impure... [shall be burnt]."
91
To burn the leftovers [from the sacrifices], as [Leviticus 7:17] states:
"The leftovers from the flesh of the sacrifice shall be burnt with fire on
the third day."

92
For a Nazirite to grow his hair long, as [Numbers 6:5] states: "He shall
let the hair of his head grow without cutting it."

93
For a Nazarite to shave his hair when bringing his sacrifices at the
conclusion of his term as a Nazirite, or during his Nazirite term if he
becomes impure, as [Numbers 6:9] states: "Should a person die in his
presence,... [he must shave....]"

94
For a person to fulfill any [promise] which he utters, be it a sacrifice, [a
gift to] charity, or the like, as [Deuteronomy 23:24] states: "What you
have spoken, take heed to fulfill...."a

95
To carry out the laws regarding the nullification of vows, as mentioned
in the Torah.

96
For everyone who comes in contact with the corpse of an animal to
become impure, as [Leviticus 11:39] states: "Should an animal die...."

97
For the [dead bodies of] the eight species of crawling animals
[mentioned in the Torah] to impart ritual impurity, as [Leviticus 11:19]
states: "These shall be impure for you...."

98
For [certain] foods to impart impurity, as [Leviticus 11:34] states: "From
all the food which you will eat...."

99
For [a woman in the] niddah state to be impure and to impart impurity
to others.

100
For [a woman] who gives birth to be impure [like a woman] in the
niddah state.

101
For a person afflicted with tzaraat to be impure and to impart impurity.

102
For a garment afflicted with tzaraat to be impure and to impart
impurity.
103
For a house afflicted with tzaraat to impart impurity.

104
For a zav to impart impurity.

105
For semen to impart impurity.

106
For a zavah to impart impurity.

107
For a corpse to impart impurity.

108
For the sprinkling water [used for the purification process involving the
red heifer] to impart impurity to a person who is ritually pure, and to
impart ritual purity to a person who is ritually impure solely because of
contact with a human corpse.b All the laws dealing with these different
types of impurity and the majority of the judgments regarding all types
of ritual purity and impurity are explained explicitly in the Written Law.7

109
For the process of purification from all types of ritual impurity to
involve immersion in the waters of a mikveh, as [Leviticus 15:16]
states: "And he shall wash all his flesh in water." Based on the oral
tradition, we have learned that this washing [involves immersion in a
body of] water in which one's entire body can immerse at one time.

110
For the process of purification from tzaraat, be it a person afflicted
with tzaraat or a house afflicted with tzaraat, [to involve] a staff of
cedar, a hyssop, the crimson wool, two birds, and spring water, as
[Leviticus 14:2] states: "This shall be the purification process for the
person afflicted with tzaraat...."

111
For a person afflicted with tzaraat to shave all of his hair, as [Leviticus
14:9] states: "And it shall be on the seventh day, he shall shave all his
hair."

112
For a person afflicted with tzaraat to make known his condition to all
others, according to the instructions mentioned in [Leviticus 13:45]:
"His garments shall be torn, his hair shall grow uncut, he shall cover
his face to the lip, and he shall cry out: `Impure! Impure!"' Similarly, all
others who are ritually impure must make known their condition.

113
To prepare the red heifer so that its ashes will be ready, as [Numbers
19:9] states: "And it will be a keepsake for the congregation of Israel."
114
For a person who makes an endowment valuation to give the specific
amount of money stated in the [Torah] portion, as [Leviticus 27:2]
states: "When a person expresses a vow...."

115
For a person who makes an endowment valuation concerning a non-
kosher animal to give [the required amount of] money, as [Leviticus
27:11] states: "And he shall cause the animal to stand...."

116
For a person who makes an endowment valuation concerning his
home to give the value determined by the priest, as [Leviticus 27:14]
states: "And the priest shall determine its value."

117
For a person who consecrates his field to give the fixed amount
determined by the [Torah], as [Leviticus 27:16] states: "And the value
you attach to it shall be according to the amount of seed."

118
For a person who unintentionally makes use of a sacred object to
make restitution for what he misused [when] sinning against God, and
for him to add one fifth of its value, as [Leviticus 5:17] states: "For that
which he sinned, [using something] sacred, he shall pay...."
119
For the produce of the fourth year to be sacred, as [Leviticus 19:24]
states: "Its produce shall be sacred, [an object of] praise to God...."

120
To leave pe'ah.

121
To leave leket.

122
To leave a forgotten sheaf.

123
To leave the incompletely formed grape clusters.

124
To leave the individual fallen grapes. With regard to all these [five
mitzvot], [Leviticus 19:10] states: "Leave them for the poor and the
stranger." This [verse states] the positive commandment for all these.8

125
To bring the first fruits to God's chosen house, [the Temple,], as
[Exodus 23:19] states: "The first fruits of your land...."
126
To separate the greater terumah [and give it] to the priest, as
[Deuteronomy 18:4] states: "Give him the first of your grain."

127
To separate a tithe of grain [and give it] to the Levites, as [Leviticus
27:30] states: "All the land's tithes...."

128
To separate the second tithe so that it can be eaten by its owners in
Jerusalem, as [Deuteronomy 14:22] states: "You shall surely tithe...."
According to the oral tradition, we learn that this refers to the second
tithe.

129
For the Levites to separate a tenth from the tenth which they took from
the Israelites and give it to the priests, as [Numbers 18:27] states:
"Speak to the Levites:...."

130
To separate the tithe for the poor instead of the second tithe in the
third and sixth years of the seven-year [agricultural cycle], as
[Deuteronomy 14:28] states: "At the end of three years, remove a tithe
of all your crops...."
131
To give thanks, [reciting] the declaration concerning the tithes, as
[Deuteronomy 26:13] states: "And you shall declare before God, your
Lord, `I have removed the sacred [foods]...."'

132
To read the statement [acknowledging thanks] for the first fruits, as
[Deuteronomy 26:5] states: "And you shall respond and say before
God, your Lord:...."

133
To separate challah [and give it] to the priest, as [Numbers 15:20]
states: "The first of your dough, the challah, you shall separate as an
offering...."

134
To let the land lie fallow [in the seventh year], as [Exodus 23:11]
states: "In the seventh year, you shall let it lie fallow and withdraw
from it."

135
To refrain from agricultural work [in the seventh year], as [Exodus
34:21] states: "From plowing and harvesting, you shall rest."

136
To sanctify the Jubilee year by refraining [from agricultural work], as is
done in the shemitah, as [Leviticus 25:10] states: "And you shall
sanctify the fiftieth year...."

137
To sound the shofar in the Jubilee year, as [Leviticus 25:9] states:
"And you shall sound the shofar blasts."

138
To free all land in the Jubilee year, as [Leviticus 25:24] states: "For all
your ancestral lands, there will be redemption for the land."

139
To allow houses in a walled city to be redeemed within a year, as
[Leviticus 25:29] states: "If a person shall sell a residential house in a
walled city...."

140
To count the years of the Jubilee year and the shemitah years within it,
as [Leviticus 25:8] states: "And you shall count seven shemitah
years."

141
To remit all financial [obligations] in the seventh year, as
[Deuteronomy 15:2] states: "Every creditor must remit...."
142
To seek to collect [a debt] from a gentile [in the seventh year], as
[Deuteronomy 15:3] states: "Seek to collect [a debt] from a gentile.
However, what your brother owes you must remit...."

143
To give a priest the shankbone, the jaw, and the maw from an animal
[which is slaughtered], as [Deuteronomy 18:3] states: "And you shall
give the priest the shankbone...."

144
To give the first portion of the fleece to a priest, as [Deuteronomy 18:4]
states: "Give him the first portion of the shearing of your sheep."

145
To render judgment with regard to property which is dedicated,
whether dedicated to God or dedicated to the priests, as [Leviticus
27:28] states: "However, any dedication that will be made...."

146
To slaughter an animal, beast, or fowl and afterwards to eat their
meat, as [Deuteronomy 12:21] states: "And you shall slaughter your
cattle and your sheep."b

147
To cover the blood of beasts and fowl [which are slaughtered], as
[Leviticus 17:13] states: "And you shall pour out its blood and cover it
with dust."

148
To send away the mother bird from the nest [when taking the young],
as [Deuteronomy 22:7] states: "You shall surely send away the
mother."

149
To check the signs [with which] animals [are identified], as kosher, as
[Leviticus 11:2] states: "These are the animals which you may eat...."

150
To check the signs of fowl in order to differentiate between one which
is kosher and one which is not kosher, as [Deuteronomy 14:11] states:
"All birds which...."

151
To check the signs of grasshoppers in order to know which is kosher
and which is not kosher, as [Leviticus 11:21] states: "Those which
possess walking legs...."

152
To check the signs [with which] fish [are identified as kosher], as
[Leviticus 11:9] states: "These are the animals which you may eat from
all that is found in water...."
153
To sanctify the months and to calculate the years and months. [This
mitzvah is incumbent on] the court alone, as [Exodus 12:2] states:
"This month will be for you the first of the months."

154
To rest on the Sabbath, as [Exodus 23:12] states: "Rest on the
seventh day...."

155
To sanctify the Sabbath, as [Exodus 20:8] states: "Remember the
Sabbath day to keep it holy."

156
To destroy chametz [before Pesach], as [Exodus 12:15] states: "On
the day before [the holiday], obliterate chametz from your homes."

157
To relate the narrative of the exodus of Egypt on the first night of the
Feast of Matzot, as [Exodus 13:8] states: "And you shall tell your son
on that day,...."

158
To eat matzah on this night, as [Exodus 12:18] states: "In the evening,
you shall eat matzot."
159
To rest on the first day of Pesach, as [Exodus 12:16] states: "And on
the first day, it shall be a sacred holiday."

160
To rest on the seventh day [of the festival], as [Exodus 12:16] states:
"On the seventh day, there will be a sacred holiday."

161
To count 49 days from the harvesting of the omer, as [Leviticus 23:15]
states: "And you shall count from the day following the day of rest...."

162
To rest on the fiftieth day [after Pesach], as [Leviticus 23:21] states:
"And you shall proclaim a sacred holiday on that selfsame day."

163
To rest on the first day of the seventh month, as [Leviticus 23:24]
states: "On the first day of [this] month, you shall have a day of rest."

164
To fast on the tenth [of this month, Yom Kippur,] as [Leviticus 15:29]
states: "On the tenth of the month, you shall afflict your souls."
165
To rest on [this] fast day, as [Leviticus 16:31] states: "It shall be a
Sabbath of Sabbaths...."

166
To rest on the first day of the festival of Sukkot, as [Leviticus 23:35]
states: "On the first day, there shall be a sacred holiday."

167
To rest on the eighth day of the festival of Sukkot, as [Leviticus 23:36]
states: "On the eighth day, there shall be a sacred holiday."

168
To dwell in a sukkah for seven days, as [Leviticus 23:42] states: "And
you shall dwell in sukkot for seven days."

169
To take the lulav [and the other three species on Sukkot], as [Leviticus
23:40] states: "And you shall take for yourselves on the first day, the
fruit of a beautiful tree, a palm branch,...."

170
To hear the sound of the shofar on Rosh HaShanah, as [Numbers
29:1] states: "It will be a day of [shofar] blasts for you."
171
To give a half-shekel each year, as [Exodus 30:13] states: "This shall
be given by all those included in the census...."

172
To listen to any prophet who will arise in any era, provided he does not
add or detract [from the Torah's commandments], as [Deuteronomy
18:15] states: "You shall listen to him."

173
To appoint a king, as [Deuteronomy 17:15] states: "You shall surely
set a king upon yourselves."

174
To obey the High Court regarding all [the ordinances] they establish
for Israel, as [Deuteronomy 17:11] states: "Carry out the judgment
which they render for you."

175
To follow the majority if there is a difference of opinion in the
Sanhedrin concerning a law, as [Exodus 23:2] states: "Follow after the
majority."

176
To appoint judges and court officers in each and every Jewish
community, as [Deuteronomy 16:18] states: "Appoint judges and court
officers...."

177
To treat litigants equally when they appear [in court] to be judged, as
[Leviticus 19:15] states: "Judge your fellow man with righteousness."

178
For anyone who has evidence to testify in court, as [Leviticus 5:1]
states: "If he was a witness, saw, or knew...."

179
To cross-examine the witnesses thoroughly, as [Deuteronomy 13:15]
states: "You must investigate and probe, making careful enquiry."

180
To [punish] false witnesses [by] giving them the same penalty that they
wish to have imposed [on the defendant], as [Deuteronomy 19:19]
states: "And you shall do to him what he plotted to do to his brother."

181
To decapitate the calf [brought as atonement for an unsolved murder]
as required, as [Deuteronomy 21:4] states: "You shall decapitate the
calf there in the river."
182
To prepare six refuge cities, as [Deuteronomy 19:3] states: "Prepare
the way and divide into three [the boundary]...."

183
To give the Levites cities in which to dwell - they also serve as refuge
centers - as [Numbers 35:2] states: "And you shall give cities to the
Levites...."

184
To construct a guard rail, as [Deuteronomy 22:8] states: "And you
shall construct a guard rail for your roof."

185
To destroy false gods and all their objects of worship, as
[Deuteronomy 12:2] states: "You shall surely destroy...."

186
To slay the inhabitants of an apostate city and burn the city, as
[Deuteronomy 13:17] states: "And you shall burn the city and all its
spoil with fire."

187
To destroy the seven nations [that dwelled in] Eretz Yisrael, as
[Deuteronomy 20:17] states: "You shall utterly destroy them."
188
To exterminate the seed of Amalek, as [Deuteronomy 25:19] states:
"Blot out the memory of Amalek."

189
To constantly remember what Amalek did to us, as [Deuteronomy
25:17] states: "Remember what Amalek did to you."

190
To wage a voluntary war according to the laws prescribed by the
Torah, as [Deuteronomy 20:10] states: "When you approach the
city...."

191
To anoint a priest [who will address the people before] battle, as
[Deuteronomy 20:2] states: "And it shall come to pass, when you
approach the battle, the priest will come forward and speak to the
people...."

192
To prepare a place [outside] the [army] camp [for use as a latrine], as
[Deuteronomy 23:13] states: "Prepare a place for yourselves outside
the camp."

193
To prepare a shovel [to cover one's excrement], as [Deuteronomy
23:14] states: "You shall have a shovel in addition to your weapons."

194
To return a stolen object, as [Leviticus 5:23] states: "And he shall
return the object which he stole."

195
To give charity, as [Deuteronomy 15:8] states: "You shall surely open
your hand [to your poor brother]."

196
To give a severance gift to a Hebrew servant, as [Deuteronomy 15:14]
states: "You shall surely give him gifts...." Similarly, [this gift is given] to
a Hebrew maidservant.

197
To lend to the poor, as [Exodus 22:24] states: "If you will lend money
to my people...." In this instance, the word "if" does not refer to a
matter left to one's volition, but to a commandment, as [Deuteronomy
15:8] states: "You shall surely lend him."

198
To lend to a gentile at interest, as [Deuteronomy 23:21] states: "Take
interest from a gentile." Based on the oral tradition, we have learned
that this is a positive commandment.b
199
To return security to its owner, as [Deuteronomy 24:13] states: "You
shall surely return the security to him."

200
To pay a worker his wage on time, as [Deuteronomy 24:15] states:
"Pay him his wage on the day it is due."

201
For a hired worker to be allowed to eat [from produce] while he is
working with it, as [Deuteronomy 23:25-26] states: "When you enter
your neighbor's vineyard... When you enter your neighbor's standing
grain...."

202
To assist a colleague in unloading a burden which he or his beast [is
carrying], as [Exodus 23:5] states: "You shall surely help him."b

203
To [help a colleague] load a burden unto a beast, as [Deuteronomy
22:4] states: " You shall lift it up with him."

204
To return a lost object, as [Deuteronomy 22:1] states: "You shall surely
return them to your brother."
205
To rebuke a person who sins, as [Leviticus 19:17] states: "You shall
surely rebuke your fellow men."

206
To love every member of our people, as [Leviticus 19:18] states: "And
you shall love your neighbor as yourself."

207
To love a convert, as [Deuteronomy 10:19] states: "And you shall love
a convert."

208
To balance scales with correct weights, as [Leviticus 19:36] states:
"You shall have correct scales, with correct weights."

209
To honor the Sages, as [Leviticus 19:32] states: "Rise before an
elder."

210
To honor one's father and mother, as [Exodus 20:12] states: "Honor
your father and mother."
211
To fear one's father and mother, as [Leviticus 19:3] states: "A person
must fear his mother and his father."

212
To be fruitful and multiply, as [Genesis 9:7] states: "Be fruitful and
multiply."

213
To have sexual relations [only within] marriage, as [Deuteronomy 24:1]
states: "If a man takes a woman [as a wife]...."

214
For a groom to rejoice together with his wife for a year, as
[Deuteronomy 24:5] states: "He shall be free for his home for one
year."

215
To circumcise a son, as [Leviticus 12:3] states: "On the eighth day, the
flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised."9

216
To marry the widow of one's brother who died childless, as
[Deuteronomy 25:5] states: "Her yavam shall come unto her."
217
To remove the yavam's shoe [if he does not marry his brother's
widow], as [Deuteronomy 25:9] states: "And she shall remove his
shoe from his foot."

218
For a rapist to marry the woman he raped, as [Deuteronomy 22:29]
states: "She shall become his wife."

219
For a person who made defamatory remarks about his wife to remain
married to her for his entire life, as [Deuteronomy 22:19] states: "She
shall become his wife. He may not send her away for his entire life."

220
To carry out the judgment concerning a seducer, fining him fifty
shekels and carrying out the other laws regarding this matter, as
[Exodus 22:15] states: "If a person will seduce...."

221
To carry out the procedure [the Torah] prescribes for a yefat to'ar, as
[Deuteronomy 21:11] states: "And if you see a beautiful woman among
the captives...."

222
To divorce with a get, as [Deuteronomy 24:1] states: "And he shall
write a bill of divorce for her and place it in her hand."

223
To carry out the [procedure] prescribed for a sotah, as [Numbers 8:30]
states: "And the priests will carry out all these laws for her."

224
To whip the wicked, as [Deuteronomy 25:2] states: "The judge will cast
him down and beat him."

225
To exile a person who accidentally kills a person, as [Numbers 35:25]
states: "And he shall dwell there until the High Priest dies...."

226
For a court to execute by decapitation, as [Exodus 21:20] states:
"Revenge shall surely be taken."

227
For a court to execute by strangulation, as [Leviticus 20:10] states:
"The adulterer and the adulteress shall die."

228
For a court to execute by burning [the condemned] with fire, as
[Leviticus 20:14] states: "They shall burn him and them with fire."
229
For a court to execute by stoning [the condemned] with stones, as
[Deuteronomy 22:24] states: "And you shall stone them."

230
To hang [the corpses] of those liable for hanging, as [Deuteronomy
21:22] states: "And you shall hang them on a gallows."

231
To bury [the body of] an executed person on the day of his execution,
as [Deuteronomy 21:22] states: "For you shall surely bury him on that
day."

232
To carry out the laws concerning a Hebrew servant, as [Exodus 21:2]
states: "When you purchase a Hebrew servant...."

233
To marry a Hebrew maidservant, as [Exodus 21:8] states: "Who has
designated her for himself... and she will be redeemed."

234
To redeem a Hebrew maidservant, as [Exodus, ibid.] states: "And she
will be redeemed."
235
To have a Canaanite servant serve forever, as [Leviticus 25:46] states:
"You shall have them serve you forever."a

236
For a person who injures [a colleague] to pay him damages, as
[Exodus 21:18] states: "If men will quarrel and one man will strike [his
colleague]...."

237
To judge regarding the damages caused by an ox, as [Exodus 21:33]
states: "If an ox belonging to one person gores an ox belonging to a
colleague...."

238
To judge regarding the damages caused by a pit, as [Exodus 21:33]
states: If a person will open a pit...."

239
To judge a thief, obligating him for payment or execution, as [Exodus
21:37] states: "Should a theft be perpetrated," as [Exodus 22:1] states:
"If when breaking in," and, as [Exodus 21:16] states: "If one kidnaps a
person and sells him,. "10

240
To judge regarding the damages caused by grazing, as [Exodus 22:4]
states: "If a person will graze [his animals] in a field or vineyard...."

241
To judge regarding the damages caused by fire, as [Exodus 22:5]
states: "If fire will break out and catch in thorns...."

242
To render judgment [in questions] regarding an unpaid watchman, as
[Exodus 22:6] states: "If a person will give a colleague money or
utensils [to watch]...."

243
To render judgment [in questions] regarding a paid watchman, as
[Exodus 22:9] states: "Should a person give a donkey or an ox...."

244
To render judgment [in questions] regarding a borrower, as [Exodus
22:13] states: "If a person will borrow from a colleague...."

245
To render judgment [in questions] regarding business transactions, as
[Leviticus 22:14] states: "If you sell merchandise to your colleague...."

246
To render judgment [in questions] regarding claims made by one
person against another, as [Exodus 22:8] states: "For every matter of
trespass, concerning an ox, concerning a donkey, or concerning a
sheep...."

247
To save a person who is being pursued even if it is necessary to kill
the pursuer, as [Deuteronomy 25:12] states: "And you shall cut off her
hand...."

248
To render judgment [in questions] regarding inheritances as [Numbers
27:8] states: "If a person dies without having a son...."