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PENYELIDIKAN GEOTEKNIK
SUPANDI, ST, MT
supandisttnas@gmail.com
GEOTEKNIK TAMBANG
Jurusan : Teknik Geologi
Prodi : Teknik Pertambangan Strata 1.
Kode : AS7446P
Mata Kuliah : Geoteknik Tambang
SKS : 2 SKS
Semester : VII
Waktu Perkuliahan : 2 x 50 menit
Dosen Pengampu : Supandi ST. MT
Sistem Perkuliahan :
Penilaian : a. Tugas, presentasi dan Diskusi, Quiz,
20%
b. Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS) 30%
c. Ujian akhir semester (UAS) 50%
Range Nilai : 0-20,9 = E ; 21-44 = D ; 45-60.9 = C ;
61 80 = B ; 81 100 = A
Contact Person : supandisttnas@gmail.com
STTNAS YOGYAKARTA Slide 2
2011
Textbook
1. John Read and Peter Stacey, 2009, Guidelines fr Open
Pit Slope Design, CRC Press.
2. William A Hustrulid, Michael K.McCarter and Dirk J.A Van
Zyl, 2000, Slope Stability in Surface Mining, Society for
Mining Mettalurgy and Exploration Inc.
3. Ducan C Wyllie & Christopher W Mah, 2007-4th Edition,
Rock Slope Engineering, Spon Press.
4. Charles A Kliche, 1999, Rock Slope Stability, Society for
Mining Mettalurgy and Exploration Inc.
5. E. Hoek & J.W Bray, 1994, Rock Slope Engineering,
Institute of Mining and Metalurgy.
6. Roy E. Hunt, 2007, Geotechnical Investigation
Methods, CRC Press.
7. Roy E Hunt, 2007, Geologic Hazards, CRC Press.
STTNAS YOGYAKARTA Slide 3
2011 26/12/2011
SITE INVESTIGATION
- philosophy
MAIN SOUCRE
OF GEOTCHNICAL
PRELIMINARY PRE-FEASIBILITY FEASIBILITY DESIGN OPERATING
OR GROUNDWATER
KNOWLEDGE
EXPLORATION DATA
GEOTECHNICAL
INVESTIGATION
DRILLING
MAPPING
LABORATORY TESTING
MINE GEOLOGY
STTNAS YOGYAKARTA Slide
2011 Slide5 5
Oct - 2010
STTNAS YOGYAKARTA Slide
2011 Slide6 6
Oct - 2010
The general objective of an geotechnical exploration program is to
identify all of the significant features of the geologic environment
that may impact on the proposed construction. Specific objectives
are to:
1. Define the lateral distribution and thickness of soil and rock strata
within the zone of influence of the proposed construction.
2. Define groundwater conditions considering seasonal changes and
the effects of construction or development extraction.
3. Identify geologic hazards, such as unstable slopes, faults, ground
subsidence and collapse, floodplains, regional seismicity, and
lahars.
4. Procure samples of geologic materials for the identification,
classification, and measurement of engineering properties.
5. Perform in situ testing to measure the engineering properties of
the geologic Materials.
Objectives
The properties of geologic materials are measured to provide the basis for:
1. Identification and classification.
2. Correlations between properties including measurements made during
other investigations in similar materials.
3. Engineering analysis and evaluations.
Geotechnical Properties
Basic Properties
Basic properties include the fundamental characteristics of the materials
and provide a basis for identification and correlations. Some are used in
engineering calculations.
Index Properties
Index properties define certain physical characteristics used basically for
classifications, and also for correlations with engineering properties.
Taking into account the hazards and constraints, the optimum location for the
proposed construction is selected, and the planning of the site investigation
then begins.
STTNAS YOGYAKARTA Slide 13
2011
Methodology
A geologic reconnaissance study may advance through a number of steps ;
Basic Objectives
A large amount of information is often available in the literature for a
given location. A search should be made to gather as much data as
possible before initiating any exploration work, particularly when
large sites are to be studied, or when the site is located in a region not
familiar to the design team. Information should be obtained on:
General Categories
1. Direct methods allow the examination of materials, usually
with the recovery of samples; examples are excavations
and test borings.
2. Indirect methods provide a measure of material properties;
examples are geophysicalmethods and the use of the cone
penetrometer, which through correlations allow an
estimation of material type.
Mechanical Properties
Rupture strength and deformation characteristics are mechanical
properties. They are also engineering properties, and are grouped as static
or dynamic.
Correlations
Measurements of hydraulic and mechanical properties, which provide the
basis for all engineering analyses, are often costly or difficult to obtain with
reliable accuracy. Correlations based on basic or index properties, with
data obtained from other investigations in which extensive testing was
employed or engineering properties were evaluated by back-analysis of
failures, provide data for preliminary engineering studies as well as a check
on the reasonableness of data obtained during investigation
B Tension zone
t
Compression
B zone
B
Dw - B
inside clearance =
B
t area ratio < 10%
B
net projected area of sampler D 2w D e2
area ratio = =
projected area of sample core D e2
Dw
De
Auger
Sample
Soil penetration
soil catchers
1 1 1
2 2 2
Depth (m)
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
clayey silts,
sandy silts,
silty sands
silty clays
silts
sands
clays
MAIN SOUCRE
OF GEOTCHNICAL
PRELIMINARY PRE-FEASIBILITY FEASIBILITY DESIGN OPERATING
OR GROUNDWATER
KNOWLEDGE
EXPLORATION DATA
GEOTECHNICAL
INVESTIGATION
DRILLING
MAPPING
LABORATORY TESTING
Reduced Waste
$$$$
Orebody
Increased Ore
Extraction $$$$
Reduced Waste
$$$$
Orebody
Increased Ore
Extraction $$$$
RECONNAISSANCE
PRELIMINARY STUDY
FEASIBILITY STUDY
STUDY DURING CONSTRUCTION
STUDY AFTER CONSTRUCTION (MAINTENANCE)
TAHAP PENDAHULUAN
GEOLOGI YANG LUAS.
MENGETAHUI GEOTEKNIK DAN AIR BAWAH
TANAH YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERTAMBANGAN.
MENGETAHUI MODEL GEOLOGI.
MEMBERI PETUNJUK PADA PEMAKAIAN SISTEM
PERTAMBANGAN YANG BERBEDA DAN
PERLENGKAPAN PADA SUATU ENDAPAN.
Subsurface conditions
Strength of foundation strata
Settlement, deformation
Groundwater level and quality
B Tension zone
t
Compression
B zone
B
Dw - B
inside clearance =
B
t area ratio < 10%
B
net projected area of sampler D 2w D e2
area ratio = =
projected area of sample core D e2
Dw
De
Auger
Sample
Pore water
pressure
sensor
Correlation improved if
OCR taken into account
Shear strength of
qc
max = arctan 0.1 + 0.38 log
clean sands vo
= fn (qc/vo)0.5