IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm

A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 ISSN 2321-600X

Hybrid Energy Generation with Density Based

Conservation
1
PAVANKUMAR KULKARNI , 2HAMJAD ALI UMACHAGI
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering, B.L.D.E.As,C.E.T,Vijayapur
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, B.L.D.E.As,C.E.T,Vijayapur

ABSTRACT
This paper addresses the importance of emery control as compared to the old and traditional living system. The world is facing
the biggest problem of power. Because the production of power is less than the demand. Home automation not only refers to
reduce human efforts but also refers to the energy efficiency and time saving option. In many countries the increase in demand
is growing at a fastened rate than the transmission capacity and also the cost of providing power is also increasing due to the
higher coal prices and deficiency of fuel. Also the reason of not getting the full power to consumers side is that the growing
population of countries .To overcome the problem of power distribution this paper provides an overview of wireless sensor
network by managing the equal power distribution by using zigbee network sensor.

Keywords: Energy Conservation, wireless sensor network, zigbee.

1. Introduction
Solar energy is created by light and heat which is emitted by the sun, in the form of electromagnetic radiation. With
today's technology, we are able to capture this radiation and turn it into usable forms of solar energy - such as heating
or electricity. Solar energy is the sun's nuclear fusion reactions within the continuous energy generated. Earth's orbit,
the average solar radiation intensity is 1367kw/m2.Circumference of the Earth's equator is 40000km, thus we can
calculate the energy the earth gets is up to 173,000 TW.

A PV module is a packaged, connected assembly of solar cells. Solar panels can be used as a component of a larger
photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications. Each module is rated
by its DC output power under standard test conditions (STC), and typically ranges from 100 to 320 watts. The
efficiency of a module determines the area of a module given the same rated output an 8% efficient 230 watt module
will have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 watt module.

2.Need of Energy Conservation

Energy has an important function. It is the central force behind our productivity, our leisure and our environment.
There is a strong correlation between energy use per person and standard of living in each economy. Higher per capita
energy consumption means a higher per capita gross national product. Energy is an indispensable component of
industrial product, employment, economic growth, environment and comfort. Energy conservation means using
energy more efficiently or reducing wastage of energy. It is important that any energy conservation plan should only to
try to eliminate wastage of energy without in any way affecting productivity and growth rate. A small decrease in
convenience or comfort can be tolerated. Energy conservation usually requires new investment in more efficient
equipment to replace old inefficient ones.

3.Working principle
The proposed paper basically consists of two parts. The first one is the power generation and the second is the smart
appliance control system for saving the energy, by eliminating the unnecessary use of appliances. It requires an array
of solar panels and a wind turbine to generate the electricity. This energy will be further fed to an automatic charge
controller, which will check the condition of the battery and charge it. If the battery is fully charged then the loads are
directly connected to the charge controller.

Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 Page 13

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 ISSN 2321-600X

So the theme is, if there is sufficient amount of energy present through the solar panel or the wind mill, or both, then
the devices are directly connected through the energy sources. Say if the energy generated through the hybrid sources is
not sufficient to run the devices, then source will switch to battery or further to the mains.
We are going to connect sensors at the output of the solar and wind power, if the energy generated is less, then it will
send a signal to the microcontroller. Now the microcontroller will compare the signal and switch the device to the
battery. If the energy generated through the hybrid source is more, then the microcontroller will switch the device to the
hybrid source.

The energy conservation system is based on Infrared and Temperature sensor. Infrared sensors are connected at the
entrance and the exit of the auditorium. If somebody enters the auditorium then the infrared sensor will sense it, and
sends the information to the microcontroller. Now this signal is stored as a count in the microcontroller. If the count is
more then, more no. of lights will become ON. If someone exits in the auditorium, then the sensor connected at the exit
will sense it and send the information to the microcontroller. This signal will be used to minus the count. More number
of people exits then the count will be reduced, hence less number of devices will remain ON. Similarly if everyone goes
out of the auditorium then the count will become zero. If the count becomes zero then all the devices will be turned
OFF.

Fig.1 shows Basic solar-wind hybrid power generation system and its associated components.
All parameters of wind is been controlled by the wind controller and the flow of current through the battery bank is
controlled by charge controller to ensure satisfactory operation of the loads connected to batteries through the inverter.
Fig.2 shows the power generation part. It can be seen that the monitoring and controlling of all the devices is through
charge controller.

Fig1.Basic solar-wind hybrid power generation system

Fig 2.Power generation part

Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 Page 14

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 ISSN 2321-600X

Fig 3.Power conservation part

Fig 3 shows power conservation part. The power flow to various loads can be ensured with the help of microcontroller.
To turn on the microcontroller it requires 5v dc which can be acquired by using power supply network as shown.
Crystal oscillator provides 11.0592 MHz of frequency to microcontroller. To measure electrical parameters temperature
sensor, IR sensors are used.

Wind Energy
Wind is air on the move. Each air molecule has kinetic energy because it is moving. The energy of the wind is the
combined kinetic energy of all of the molecules. The wind is a free and renewable source of energy, and it is the
worlds fastest-growing electricity resources.

4.PRINCIPLE OF ENERGY CONVERSION

Wind mills or turbines works on the principle of converting kinetic energy of the wind in to mechanical energy.

Power available from wind mill} = A V

Where, air density = 1.225 Kg. / m at sea level. (Changes by 10-15% due to
Temperature and pressure variations)
A Area swept by windmill rotor = D sq-m. (D Diameter)
V Wind speed m/sec.

Air density, which linearly affects the power output at a given speed, is a function of altitude, temperature and
barometric pressure. Variation in temperature and pressure can affect air density up to 10 % in either direction. Warm
climate reduces air density.
Charge controller:

Fig 4. Solar charge controller

Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 Page 15

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 ISSN 2321-600X

Fig 4 shows a charge controller where a charge controller, charge regulator or battery regulator limits the rate at
which electric current is added to or drawn from electric batteries It prevents overcharging and may protect against
overvoltage, which can reduce battery performance or lifespan, and may pose a safety risk. It may also prevent
completely draining ("deep discharging") a battery, or perform controlled discharges, depending on the battery
technology, to protect battery life. The terms "charge controller" or "charge regulator" may refer to either a stand-alone
device, or to control circuitry integrated within a battery pack, battery-powered device or battery recharger.

Functions:
Charge controller which limits the rate at which electric current is added to or drawn from electric batteries.
It prevents battery against overcharging and over voltage.
It prevents discharging of battery during night time.
It increases the life of battery.

Software Used:
Kiel IDE
Nuvoton Programmer

Kiel IDE:The Keil Development Tools are designed for the professional software developer; however programmers of
all levels can use them to get the most out of the embedded microcontroller architectures that are supported. Tools
developed by KIEL endorse the most popular microcontrollers and are distributed in several packages and
configurations, dependent on the architecture.In addition to the software packages, Keil offers a variety of evaluation
boards, USB-JTAG adapters, emulators, and third-party tools, which completes the range of products.

Applications:
It can be used in
Auditorium
Theatres
Cinema halls
Domestic use
Railway station
Other organizational use.

5.Future work
It leads to the best use of renewable energy sources with good energy conservation with energy efficient technologies.
Many electro technologies if implemented can lead to energy conservation as well as environmental protection

6.CONCLUSION
The system will count the number of people inside the auditorium and based upon the density, the lights are turned ON.
If there are less no of people, then less no. of lights will be ON. And if there are no-people in the auditorium then no
lights will be ON. Similarly the turning ON and OFF of fans will also be based on the density. But the fans will be
turned ON only if the temperature rises above a certain level.

So all in all, the fan will work only if there are people present in the auditorium and if the temperature rises above a
certain level. More the number of people more fans will become ON, less the people less the fans. If there is no one in
the auditorium then all the fans will turned in OFF state, similar to the lights. Hence the overall concept will serve two
purposes, one is the clean energy generation through the Solar and Wind. The second is to conserve the energy by
smartly utilizing the devices.

Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 Page 16

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 ISSN 2321-600X

REFERENCES
[1]. Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Sources-Mukherji. D and Chakrabarti.S, New age international publishers,
2005
[2]. Non Conventional sources of energy,Rai,G D Khanna publishers, 4th edition, 2007
[3]. Non - Conventional energy resources,Khan B H,2nd edition.
[4]. Energy demand Analysis, Management and Conservation-Ashok V Desai,Wiley eastern, 2005
[5]. Recent advances in control and management of energy systems,D P Sen, K R Padiyar, Indrane Sen,M A Pai,
Interline Publisher, Bangalore, 1993
[6]. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded system-using assembly and C, Mohammad Ali Mazidi and Rollin D.
Mckinlay,PHI, 2006
[7]. Modern Control Engineering,K.Ogata, Pearson Education Asia/ PHI 4th edition,2002

BIOGRAPHIES

Pavankumar Kulkarni. He was born on 1P st P of July 1988, DIST: Vijayapur. He completed his higher secondary
schooling at Swami Vivekananda Kannada medium School on 2004, Bagalkot. DEE at B.V.V.S Polytechnic on 2009,
Bagalkot. He completed his UG in Electrical & Electronics, at Basaveshwar Engineering College on 2012, Bagalkot.
He has completed his PG M.Tech in Micro Electronics and Control Systems, EEE Dept., at BLDEA CET, Vijayapur
under VTU.

Hamjad Ali Umachagi He was born on 28th November 1988, DIST: Bagalkot. He completed his higher secondary
schooling at P.E.T.S R&K .English medium school, P.U.C. at B.V.V.S College of Science, Bagalkot. Completed his
B.E (Electrical & Electronics), at Basaveshwar Engineering College Bagalkot and Post Graduation M.E (Control and
Instrumentation) at U.V.C.E, Bangalore under Bangalore University.

Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2017 Page 17