But one thing on his part was that he
withdrew his candidature.
Q. 4. Answer any two of the
following (in about 125 words
each)
(a) Bring out the prospect of
development of alternatives energy
sources of India
(b) Blue Revolution has definite
advantages in India but is not free
from environmental impacts. Dis-
cuss.
(c) Why do the Rivers of west-
coast not form a delta ?
Ans. (a) Under the category of
renewable energy or non-conven-
tional energy are such sources as the
sun, wind, water, agricultural residue,
firewood and animal dung. There
has been enormous increase in the
demand for energy since the middle
of the last century as a result of
industrial development and popu-
lation growth. World population
grew 32 times between 1850 and
1970. The per capita use of industrial
energy increased about twenty fold,
and total world use of industrial and
traditional energy form combined
increased more than twelve fold.
India has vast potential to harness
solar and wind energy. Fossil fuels
are non-renewable sources. Energy
generated from the sun is known as
solar energy. Indias North-West part
and Eastern and Western Coast
have great potential of wind energy.
Alternative sources of energy have
become important and relevant in
todays world. These sources, such as
the sun and the wind, can never be
exhausted and are therefore called
renewable. The non-conventional
sources of energy cause less emission
and are available locally. Their use
can significantly reduce chemical,
radioactive, and thermal pollution.
Bio-diesel also has opened a new gate
and has promising future. Opera-
tional aspects of bio-fuels in the
transport sector have also been made.
(b) India has made substantial
progress in agriculture since indepe-
ndence in terms of growth in output,
yields and area under many crops.
Now, India has been diverted towards
a green revolution, white revolution,
yellow revolution and a blue revolu-
tion for its sustenance. Blue revolu-
tion is a 1970s phenomena. The
PD/August/2007/287
objectives of the revolution is to
improve the quality and quantity of
fish production. Under this revolu-
tion several new technologies were
applied in the fisheries. Many new
species of fishes have been dis-
covered
(c) Most of the west flowing
rivers like Narmada, Tapti, Periar etc.
pass through rift valleys. These rivers
contain very less amount of silt and
due to its fast speed it can not make a
delta. There are many small rivers
which originate from the Western
Ghat mountains and fall into the
Arabian Sea. Due to the high gradient
of Western Ghat these rivers flow
with a very high speed and are
unable to deposit silt.
Q. 5. Write notes on the follow-
ing (in about 20 words each)
(a) Mixed Economy
(b) Winter Rains in India
(c) New Moore Island
(d) National Water Grid
(e) Hussain Sagar
Ans. (a) Mixed Economy stands
for the existence of public and private
sectors.
(b) Western disturbances started
in Mediterranean Sea are the cause
of winter rains in India. These dis-
turbances enter into India via Middle
Asia, Iran and Afghanistan.
(c) New Moore Island is situated
in Ganga Brahmaputra Delta in the
Bay of Bengal.
(d) National Water Grid is a
system of water distribution through
which availability of water is ensured
in dry areas by transporting water
from water surplus areas.
(e) Hussain Sagar is an artificial
lake in Hyderabad. It was made by
Quli Qutb Shah in 1562.
Q. 6. Answer any one of the
following questions (in about 250
words)
(a) What is right to life and
personal liberty ? How have the
courts expanded its meaning in
recent years ?
(b) On what grounds can a
member be disqualified from either
House of Parliament?
Ans. (a) Protection of life and
personal liberty under Article 21
means no person shall be deprived of
his life or personal liberty except
according to procedure established
by law. The Article 21 starts with the
negative word but the word not has
been used in relation to the word
deprived. The object of the funda-
mental right under Article 21 is to
prevent encroachment upon personal
liberty and deprivation of life except
according to procedure established
by law. It clearly means that this
fundamental right has been provided
against state only. If an act of private
individual amounts to encroachment
upon the personal liberty or depriva-
tion of life of other person it would
not fall under the parameters set for
the Article 21. Article 21 of the Con-
stitution deals with prevention of en-
croachment upon personal liberty or
deprivation of life of a person.
The scope of Article 21 was a bit
narrow till 50s as it was held by the
apex court in Gopalans case that the
contents and subject matter of Article
21 and 19 (1) (d) are not identical and
they proceed on total principles. In
this case the word deprivation was
construed in a narrow sense and it
was held that the deprivation does
not restrict the right to move freely
which came under Article 19 (1) (d).
At that time Gopalans case was the
leading case in respect of Article 21
along with some other Articles of the
Constitution, but the scope of Article
21 has been expanded or modified
gradually through different verdict of
the apex court.
(b) By the Constitution (Fifty-
second Amendment) Act, 1985,
which came into force on the March
1, 1985, a new provision as to dis-
qualification on ground of defection
has been incorporated in the Con-
stitution. The Act amended articles
101, 102, 190 and 191 of the Con-
stitution and added the Tenth
Schedule thereto. Under Art. 102 of
the Constitution a person shall be
disqualified from being a member of
either house of Parliament.
If he holds any office of profit
under the Government of India
or the government of any state,
but not as ministers for the union
or the states.
If he is of unsound mind and
stands so declared by a compe-
tent authority.
If he is an undischarged insol-
vent.