Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Obervation - jawapan boleh didapati terus daripada gambar rajah atau jadual yang disediakan.
Manipulated Variables - lihat apakah yang berbeza pada gambar rajah yang disediakan atau jika pada jadual,
kenalpasti ruang yang berada di sebelah kiri.
Responding Variables - perhatikan apakah yang berubah atau hasil di akhir eksperimen. Jika terdapat jadual,
ruang yang berada di sebelah kanan sekali itu adalah responding variables.
Constant Variables - kenalpasti alat radas atau bahan-bahan yang sama sepanjang eksperimen dijalankan.
Aim (objektif) - biasanya bermula dengan ayat 'To study.....' atau 'To investigate...'
Graph - kalau dalam soalan tulis 'draw a graph...' maksudnya anda kena lukis graf yang biasa (sambungkan titik
ke titik). Kalau 'draw a bar chart...' maksudnya anda kena lukis graf bar (kotak) yang berjauhan antara satu sama
lain. Kalau 'draw a histogram...' maksudnya anda kena lukis graf bar (kotak) yang rapat antara satu sama lain.
Relationship - Gunakan semula ayat daripada soalan. Contohnya, 'What is the relationship between the height of
the seedling and time?' Jawapannya, 'When the time increases, the height of the seedling increases/decreases
(bergantung kepada graf)'
1. Usually, you need to use your knowledge of scientific facts ,principles and theories to answer the questions.
2. Your answers should be brief and accurate.
4. Questions 2 and 3, are usually short but the candidate is required to use his or her knowledge and understanding
of scientific concepts and theories to answer.
5. In this context, the candidate has to answer the question by drawing and writing a short essay following the
instruction of the question.
6. All answers must be written in the space provided below each question.
1. The format of question 1 is fixed and the candidate is required to answer it in the same way as writing a report
after an experiment.
2. For question 2 and 3, choose one you are confident in and answer it properly to obtain maximum marks.
3. To answer this question, identify the key words which usually appear at the beginning of the question.
4. Key words and the type of answer required are listed below:
5. Apart from written answer, some questions require the candidate to draw and label diagrams. In this contex, the
diagrams should be clear, clean and of suitable size.
6. Wherever necessary, the workout of the calculation must be clearly shown in the space provided.
7. For an essay question which requires a long answer, plan your answer step-by-step and write in short
paragraphs.
8. In an essay answer, each sentence should cover only one point in order to get one mark which is usually allotted.
Science Process Skills enable students to formulate their questions and find out the answer systematically.
Descriptions of science process skills are as follows:
Observing
Using the sense of hearing, touch, smell, taste and sight to collect information about an object or a phenomenon.
Classifying
Using observation to group objects or events according to similarities or differences
Inferring
Using past experiences or previously collected data to draw conclusions and make explanations of events.
Predicting
Stating the outcome of a future event based on prior knowledge gained through experiences of collecting data
Communicating
Using words or graphic symbols such as tables, graphs, figures or models to describe an action, object or event.
Interpreting Data
Giving rational explanations about an object, event or pattern derived from collected data.
Defining Operationally
Defining concepts by describing what must be done and what should be observed
Controlling Variables
Identifying the fixed variable, manipulated variable and responding variable in an investigation. The manipulated
variable is changed to observe its relationship with the responding variable. At the same time, the fixed variable is
kept constant
Hypothesising
Making a general statement about the relationship between a manipulated variable and a responding variable in
order to explain an event or observation. This statement can be tested to determine its validity.
Experimenting
Planning and conducting activities to test a certain hypothesis. These activities include collecting, analysing and
interpreting data and making conclusions.
Controlled Variable
Examples:
Steps:
Example 1:
Steps:
a) Manipulated and responding variable given from the title of table are time and temperature.
b) Time is manipulated variable because time are increase or changes.
c) Temperature is responding variable because changes of temperature
ELIMINATE METHOD
EXAMPLE 1
1. What is the similarity between meiosis and mitosis ?
A Number of daughter cells produced
B Duplication of the chromosomes
C Number of chromosomes in the daughter cell
D Both are important in the growth of an organism
EXAMPLE 2
2. What happens to a person if his thyroid gland secretes excessive hormone into the blood?
A The blood pressure increases
B The glucose level in the blood decreases
C The metabolic rate increases
D The salt level in the blood decreases
Notes:
1. To answer this question find the incorrect answer first.
2. Reject that answer ( 3 distracters left).
3. Reject one more incorrect answer (2 distracters left).
4. Try to reject one more incorrect answer (One distracter only left) that is the answer.
SUGGESTION TO CANDIDATES
1. Master the basic concepts and facts
2. For practical, ensure that you have mastered all the skills regarding the process in science.
3. Use the right / accurate terminologies
4. Elaborate in sequence and avoid repetition of facts.
5. Do more exercises
6. Avoid mixing languages in the answer.
7. Ensure there is detailed observation on the stimulus given.
SUGGESTION TO TEACHERS
1. Each step in a scientific investigation should be carried out to ensure a good grasp of skills pertaining to basic
science processes.
2. Ensure all the students are well versed in all topics.
3. Ensure students master the skills of science processes.
4. Use a variety of teaching and learning method.
5. Prepare worksheets which include a lot of stimulus.
6. Expose student to the exam formatted questions from form 1.
7. Increase the number of exercises