UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA ESTATAL

DEL CARCHI

STUDENTS PORTFOLIO

Name: Joseline Mosquera

Teacher: Alfredo Luna

ACADEMIC PERIOD

April 2017- August 2017

 MY BIOGRAPHY

MY NAME ES JOSELINE MOSQUERA

I AM 21 YEARS OLD

I AM FROM CAYAMBE

I LIVE IN TULCAN MY FAVORITE COLOR IS RED

MY FEVORITE MUSIC ARE THE BALADAS

MY HOBBI IS LISTEN TO MUSIC

MY FAVORITE PET IS THE DOG

MI MOTHER IS GEOVANA MOSQUEA

I HAVE A BROTHER HE IS CALLED ALDAHIR GOVEA

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 ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

ALWAYS

SENTENCES

My mother always cooks fish on sunday.

Maria always listen to music in the morning.

My uncle always plays soccer on the weekends.

My brother always takes a shower in the night.

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 ALMOST ALWAYS

SENTENCES

I always go the university around 9 am.

He almost always goes to the park with his pet.

My brother always listen to music romantic.

Monica almost always eats fast food.

My grandfather drive his car.

I always dance at night

I never speak english

SIMPLE PRESENT

SENTENCES

I runs in the morning

I writes letters for my family

We cooks rice everyday

My parents travels on the weekends

My Friends plays soccer on Sundays at 3pm

You love speaks other languages

Betty listens rock music

Sandy watches TV the eveningh

He studies at the UPEC university in Tulcan

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 She washes ten clothes every day

My pet kisses me

DONT - DOESNT

I HE

WE DONT SHE DOESNT

YOU IT

THEY

SENTENCES

We dont play tennis because we dont like it

They dont swim in the morning because the weather is cold the days

My Friends dont meet everyday

She doesnt go shopping on Saturdays she goes on Sunday

mario doesnt study hard

He doesnt live alone. He lives with a friend

DO/DOES + S + V + C +?
Do you study english in the morning?
Yes, I do

No, I dont

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 Does she drive a car?

Yes, she does

No, she doesnt

Does Luis put a book on the desk?

Yes, he does

No, he doesnt

Does my cousing read everyday

Yes, he does

No, he doesnt

OTHERS QUESTIONS

QUESTIONS

How often do you ride your bike?

I sometimes ride my bike

How often does he use the computer

He always uses the computer

How often does you sister walk the dog?

My sister never walks the dog

How often does your brother play the guitar?

My brother always plays the guitar

How often do you hang out with your Friends?

I sometimes hang out with my Friends

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 How often do they drink orange juice?

They sometimes drink orange juice

How often do you catch the bus

I often catch the bus

Do you always drink coffee in the morning

Yes, I do/ I always drink wather

PRESENT CONTINUOS
S + BE + AM/IS/ARE + V ING
EXPRESIONS

Now = Ahora

Right Now = Ahorita

At the moment = En este momento

Now days = En estos das

EXAMPLES:

She is living in U.S.A

She isnt living in U.S.A

We are writing a letter now

Were are writing a letter now

We arent writing a letter now

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NON PROGRESSIVE VERBS/STATIVE VERBS

like satisfy disagree

love doubt recognise

hate dislike See

want know Belong

need realise recogrise

prefer suposse Contain

agree understand Depend

mind believe Smell

hear remember Deny

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 REGULAR VERBS

PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE SPANISH

accept accepted accepted Aceptar

achieve Achieved Achieved Lograr

Admire Admired Admired admirar

Advise advised advised Aconsejar

answer answered answered Responder

arrive arrived arrived Llegar

ask asked asked preguntar

bake baked baked Hornear

believe believed Believed Creer

belong belonged belonged pertenecer

borrow borrowed borrowed Pedir

prestado

call called called Llamar

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 cancel canceled canceled Cancelar

carry carried carried Llevar,cargar

celebrate celebrated celebrated celebrar

clean cleaned cleaned Limpiar

climb climbed climbed Trepar,escalar

compare compared Compared comparar

Complete completed completed Completar

cook cooked cooked Cocinar

count counted counted Contar

create created created Crear

change changed changed Cambiar

chat chatted chatted Charlar

date dated dated Salir con

deliver Delivered delivered entregar

describe described described describir

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desingn desingned desingned Disear

destray detrayed destrayed Destruir

die died died Morir

discover Discovered discovered descubrir

distrub distrubed distrubed molestar

dry Dried dried Secar

end ended ended terminar

expect expected expected Esperar algo

fish fished fished Pescar

Fix fixed fixed arreglar

fry fried fried Frer

guess guessed guessed adivinar

Happen happened Happened suceder

hate hated hated Odiar

help helped helped Ayudar

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 hope hoped Hoped Esperar,
esperanza
imagine imagined Imagined imaginar

improve improved improved Mejorar

increase increased increased Aumentar

invite invited invited Invitar

join joined joined Juntar, unir

jump Jumped jumped Saltar

learn learned learned aprender

like liked liked Gustar

listen listened listened escuchar

live lived lived Vivir

manage managed managed Manejar,

dirigir
move moved moved Mover

name named named nombrar

Need needed needed necesitar

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 Offer offered offered Ofrecer

Open opened opened Abrir

order ordered ordered ordenar

organize organized organized organizar

Paint painted painted Pintar

Park parked parked parquearse

participate participated participated participar

perform performed performed Realizar

Pick picked picked Recoger

please pleased pleased Complacer

practice practiced practiced practicar

prefer prefered prefered Preferir

Purchase purchased purchased comprar

Push pushed pushed empujar

Rain rained rained Llover

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 receive received received Recibir

recommend recommende recommende recomendar

Relax relaxed relaxed descansar

Remember remembered remenbered recordar

Repair Repaired repaired reparar

IRREGULAR VERBS

PRESENT PAST PAST PARTICIPLE SPANISH

Arise arose ariser surgir

Be was/were been ser-estar

beat beat beaten golpear

become became become convertirse

begin began begun comenzar

bite bit bitten morder

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blow blew blown soplar

break broke broken romper

bring brought brought traer

buy bought bought comprar

catch caught caught atrapar

choose chose chosen elegir

cost cost cost costar

come came come venir

Cut cut cut cortar

do did done hacer

draw drew drawn dibujar

drink drank drunk beber

drive drove driven conducir

Eat ate eaten comer

Fall fell fallen Caer

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feed fed fed alimentar

feel felt felt sentir

fight fought fought pelear

find found found encontra

Fly flew flown volar

forget forgot forgotten olvidar

forgive forgave forgiven perdonar

forsake forsook forsaken abandonar

freeze froze frozen congelar

give gave given Dar

Go went gone Ir

Grow grew grown crecer

Have had had crear

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SIMPLE PRESENT VS PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

EXAMPLES

The body (sleep) is sleeping. the bady (sleep) sleeps for ten hours every night.

Right now Im in class. I (si) Im sittins at my desk. I usually (sit) sit at the same desk in

class evry day.

Ali (speak) speak Arabic, Arabic is his native language, but right now he (speak) he is

speaking english.

A: (it,rain) it rains a lot in southern California?

No, the weather (be) is usually warn and sunny.

Look aut the window (it, rain) is raining?

Shoulder I take my umbrela.

It (star) starts to sprinkle.

Look Its youssef.

where?

Over there. He (walk) is walking ourt of the bakely.

Oscar usually (walk9 walks to work (walk, you). Do you walk to work every day, too?

Yes.

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 CONJUNTION FUNCTION

CONJUNCTION FUNCTION EXAMPLE

And Joins two similar ideas He lives in Victoria, and he

togethet studies at Uvic
But Joins two contrasting ideas John is Canadian, but Sally is
english
Or Joins two alternative ideas I cold cook some supper, or
we coud order a pizza
So Shows that the second idea is She was sick so she went to
result of the first the doctor

SENTENCES

Jaewon was cold so he put on a coat

Maria tried to read a novel in French, but it was too difficult

To get from Vancouver to Victoria, you can fly or you can ride the ferry

I bought a bottle of wine, and we drank it together

The waiter was not very nice, but the food was delicious

I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD, but the shop didnt have it.

Julie has a guitar, and she plays it really well

The concert was cancelled, but we went to a nightclub instead.

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 VERBS THAT ARE USUALLY FOLLOWED BY
THE GERUND (ING)
Enjoy I enjoyed living in Tulcan
Discuss We discuss going on holiday together
Dislike I dislike waiting for buses
Finish She finishes preparing breakfast
Suggest He suggested staying at the grand Hotel
Recommend They recommend neeting earlier
Keep He kept working on the weekend
Avoid She avoided falking to her bos
Miss She misses living near the beach
Appreciate I appreciated her helping me
Practise She practised singing the song
Admite He admitted cheating on the test

LIKE + ING USED TO GIVE ON OPINION

SENTENCES

I like cooking soop

She loyos traveling abroad

We prefer eating out

Betty enjoys practicing sports

They hate studing math

I cant stand working long hours

She is good at singins

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 WOULD LIKE TO + BASE FORM VERB IS USED TO
TALK ABOUT WISHES, DREAMS, AMBITIONS.
1. I would like to travel around the world/Id like to tra

2. I would like to visit France. Id like to vis

3. She would like to do bingy jumpy

4. Hed like to walk with my Friends

5. Youd like to have a new car

NEGATIVE

1. I wouldnt like to get married

2. I woldnt like to do hang gliding

3. She wouldnt like to live alone

4. They wouldnt like to put some money for drinks

5. My mom wouldnt like to drive at night

QUESTIONS

What would you like to do?

Id like to dance

Where would you like to go?

Wed like to go to a night club

When would she like to travel?

Shed like to travel next year

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 TRANSPORTATION NOONS

Rush hour

Trafficlights

Trafficjam

Gastation

Speedlivent

Roadwork

Highway

Pedestrians

Commuters

Street lights

Firefighter

Traffic sing

Bus stop

New stand

MORE SILLYBLE ADJETIVES

Clean cleaner

Tall taller

Small smaller

Short shorter

Big bigger

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 Hat hatter

Friendly friendlier

Dray drier

SENTENCES

Tulcan is cleaner than Quito

My shirt is nicer than your shirt

Tulcan and San Gabriel are smaller than Ambato and Ibarra

Guayaquil in bigger than Quito

Tonsupa and Atacames are hotter than Salinas and Playas

El Chota valley drier than Guayllabamba

MORE THAN TWO SYLLABLE

More dangerous

More beautiful

More expensive

More popular

More famous

More inteligent

SENTENCES

o Guayaquil is more dangerous than Cuenca.

o Ecuador is more expensive than Colombia.

o Bruno Mar is more popular than Justin Bieber.

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 o The pope Francisco is more famous than Donal Trump.

o Ibarra is more beautiful than Bolivar.

o Tulcan at nights is more dangerous than San Gabriel.

IRREGULAR ADJETIVES

Good batter

Bader worse

SENTENCES

Samsung Brand is batter than Nokia.

Dink milk is batter than drink beer.

SMALL SMALLER

Tulcan is smaller than Ibarra.

SHORT SHORTER

Lorena and Betty are shorter than Miguel and Luis.

DEEP DEEPER

Cuicocha lake is deeper than Yahuarcocha lake.

CHEAP CHEAPER

Ipiales and Pasto are cheaper than Guayaquil.

BIG BIGGER

Guayaquil is bigger than Quito.

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DRY DRIER

The white river is drier than rio Gran Nobles.

SUPERLATIVES

Cold coldest

Warm warmest

Long longest

Deep deepst

Dry driest

Big biggest

Tall tallest

Clean cleanest

Small smallest

Clost closest

Short shortest

SENTENCES

The coldest city in Ecuador is Tulcn .

Which is the deepest Oceaan?.

The Pacific Ocean is the deepest.

Which are the cleanest cities in Ecuador?

Loja and Cuenca are the cleanest cities.

Who is the tallest in this class?

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 Marcelo is the tallest.

TWO SYLLABLES
The most intelligent

The most popular

The most expensive

The most famous

The most dangerous

SENTENCES

Messi is the most popular soccer player.

Tigers are the most dangerous wild animal.

Nike shoes are the most expensive.

The UPEC University is the best.

AS.AS

SENTENCES

Quito is as cleaner as Loja.

My house is as new as your house.

She is as beautiful as a rose.

The crowded cities are as noisy as Paris.

Milton isn`t as faster as horses.

Jhon is as tall as his brother Tom.

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 Tom is as handsome as his brother Jhon.

Jhon is not as heavy as his brother Tom.

Tom has almost as much money as Jhon.

Tom doesn`t have as many children as Jhon.

SIMPLE PAST

/t/ /d/ /Id/

REGULAR PAST IRREGULAR PAST

Play Played Eat Ate

Cook Cooked Drive Drove

Celebrate Celebrate Buy Bought

Call Called Do Did

Listen Listened Make Made

Visit Visited Drink Drank

Study Stadied Wek up Wake up

Get up Get up

SIMPLE PAST
S Vp C
SENTENCES

We celebrated mother`s day yesterday.

My mother was happy with.

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 We ate typical food.

We travelled to las Lajas in the afternoon at around 3pm.

Last Friday we saw an action movie in the classroom.

He cut some flowers yesterday.

Laste year I travelled to USA. We went to Orlando.

My mother cooked the soup last night.

I walched TV in my house.

I did my homework yesterday around 7pm.

My sister played soccer with her friend yesterday in the afternoon.

I danced last Friday.

She talked on the pone las weekk.

I closed the window.

NEGATIVE

We didn`t celebrate mother`s day yesterday.

My mother didn`t with.

We didn`t eat typical food.

We didn`t travell to las Lajas in the afternoon at around 3pm.

Last Friday we didn`t see an action movie in the classroom.

He didn`t cut some flowers yesterday.

Laste year I didn`t travell to USA. We didn`t go to Orlando.

My sister didn`t play soccer with her friend yesterday in the afternoon.

I didn`t danc last Friday.

I didn`t close the window.

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 S DID NOT (DIDN`T) + V C
DID + S + V C ?
SENTENCES

Did you buy a present for you mother?

Yes, I did

No, I didn`t

Did she bring some flower?

Yes, she did

No, she didn`t

Did he study for the test?

Yes, he did

No, he didn`t

Did we drive a car?

Yes, we did

No, we didn`t

W/h + did + S + V C ?

SENTENCES

What did you do yesterday?

I celebrated mother`s thay

Who did she go with to the cinema?

She went with her friend

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 Where did you eat?

We ate at the restaurant

VERBS

Study Sen

Woork Call

Cook Leave

Drink Find

Drive Listen

Travell Write

Watch Check

Have break fast Buy

Have lounch Catch

Have dinner Wake up

Walk Get up

Play Draw

Do Sleep

Run Forget

Give For give

Bring Fry

Go Read

Take a shower Have

Enjoy Like

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 Cut Tell

Say Chat

Speak Talk

Open Close

Think Understand

Teach Learn

Keep Sabe

Live Take

Grow up Get

Know Meet

Climb Wait

Finish Went

Prepare Decide

celebrate Am/is/are

The ly suffix is also an excellent way to describe how

something or how ofte, something is done.
Happily Suddenly Generously

Sadly Quietly Certainly

Perfectly Loudly Necessarily

Quickly Loudly Lovely

Slowly Softly Roughly

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Smoothly Suddenly Wrongly

Badly Normally Proudly

Carefully 0939541473

COUNTABLE

COUNTABLE NOUNS UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

A lot of books

Prenty of books

Some books A lof of rice

We`ve got A few books We`ve got Plenty of rice

There are Several(= + 3) There is Some rice

books A Little rice

A couple of (=2)

books

We haven`t got A lot of books We haven`t got A lof of rice

There aren`t Many books There isn`t Much rice

Any (=zero) books Any(=zero) rice

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Are there any books? Is there any rice?

How many books are there?

Nonw/a conple/a few/not How much rice is there?

many/four,five,six/a lot. None/not much/a Little/a lot.

SENTENCES

How much pullution is there in Tulcan?

There isn`t much

there isn`t any

Is there some coffee on the table?

There`s some coffee

Is there some wter in the bottle?

Yes, there`s a Little

No, there`s any

The is used to refer to specific or particular nouns.

DO NOT USE THE BEFORE:

Name of most contries

The Philippines,the United States

Names of cities, towns, or states

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 Names of streets

Languages

Names of takes and bays

Names of mountains

People names

Names of continents (Asia, Europe)

Days of the week

Months

DO USE THE BEFORE:

1. Names of rivers, Oceans and seas: the Nile, the Pacific.

2. Points on the globe: the Equator, the North Pole.

3. Geographical reas: the Middle East, the west.

VERB PATTERNS WITH TO INFINITIVES

TO infinitives are used in several structures. Here is a quick overview of them.

TO infinitives can be used after adjetives expressing ideas such as desire or emotion.

SENTENCES

o We were happy to see him.

o She is afraid to talk.

o He is eager to join the army.

o I will be happy to accept your invitation.

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 o He was anxious to meet you.

o They are impatient to leave.

It + be + adjetive + of + noun pronoun + to -

infinitive
The adjetives that are commonly used in this pattern are: good kind, generous, stupid, convise,

wrong, brave, politely, silly, wicked, cruel, foolish, wise, nice, careless, etc.

Unwze

Wicked

Foolish

Wise

Careles

SENTENCES

It is kind of you to help us.

It was foolish of me to lend him money.

It was clever of you to solve this puzzle.

It is wicked of her to do such things.

It was careles of you to make that mistake.

It is unwise of him to drink too much.

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 To infinitives are words like difficult, casy, hard,
impossible, etc.
SENTENCES

This book is easy to understand.

This carpet is difficult to wash.

Your actions are imposible to justify.

This food is difficult to swallow.

This medicine is pleasant to taste.

His speech was difficult to understand.

It + be + adjetive + to - infinitive

SENTENCES

It is easy to learn english.

It is difficult to get a job.

It is cruel to treat animals in that way.

It was imposible to win.

It is hard to get noticed.

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 SIMPLE FUTURE

S + WILL + V + C
SENTENCES

I will not = I won`t I`ll

You will not = You won`t You`ll

He will not = He won`t He`ll

It will not = It won`t It`ll

We will not = We won`t We`ll

Your will not = Your won`t Your`ll

They will not = They won`t They`ll

She will not = She won`t She`ll

Maybe
Perhaps
Probadly
Posible
Think
Hope

S + WILL + V + C

SENTENCES

I will drink next weekend

I`ll drink next weekend

I will not (won`t) drink next weekend

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 I will run next month in Quito

I`ll run next month in Quito

I will no trun in Quito next month

I won`t run in Quito next month

My sister will cook rice and turkey

She`ll cook rice and turkey

My sister will not cook rice and turkey

My sister won`t cook rice and turkey

Louis will graduate soon

He`ll graduate soon

Louis will not graduate soon

Louis won`t graduate soon

Maybe we`ll travell to the beach next summer

Perhaps she`ll go to clases this afternoon

I think they`ll come tomorrow at 6am

We hope you`ll study for the oral exam

BE GOING TO + V + C

SENTENCES

I am going to travel tomorrow in the afternoom

You are going to have on oral exam tomorrow

He is going to graduate in three years

In 2021 we are going to graduate

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 Soon my daughter is going to leave the school

I am not/ is not/ aren`t + going to + V + C

BE + S + GOING TO + V + C ?

SENTENCES

Are you going to choose those jeans?

Yes, I am

Is my mom going to rron my clothes?

Yes, she is

No, she isn`t

What are you going to do tomorrow?

I`m going to watch TV

When are they going to travel to Atacames?

They are going to travel next july

Are you going to by a new computer?

I don`t know, maybe I will buy a celphone

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TO GET : can be used in a number of patterns and has a number of
meanings.
TO GER TO OBTAIN , TO RECEIVE , TO BUY
SENTENCES

I got my Passport last week (to obtain).

She got her driving lecense last week (to obtain).

They got permission t olive in switzerland(to obtain).

I got a letter from my friend in Nigeria( to receive).

He gets $1,000 a year from his father ( to receive).

She got a new coat from zappaloni in Rome ( to buy).

We got a new televisin for the sitting eoom ( to buy).

TO GET REACH, ARRIVE AT A PLACE

SENTENCES

How are you getting home tonight?

We got to London around 6 pm.

What time will we get there?

When did you get back from New York?

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 TO GET BECOME, SHOW A CHANGE OF STATE.

SENTENCES

I am getting old.

It`s getting hotter.

By the times they reached the house they were getting hungry.

I`m getting tired of all this nonsense.

My mother`s getting old and needs looking after.

It gets dark very eacly in the Winter.

Don`t touch the store until is gets cool.

TO GET PHRASAL VERBS WITH VARIOUS MEANINGS.

To get meaning

To get at try to express

To get away with escape

PRESENT PERFECT

Auxiliar

i have i`ve

You have you`ve

he has he`s

she has she`s

it has it`s

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we have we`ve

you have you`ve

they have they`ve

S + HAVE/HAS + UPP C

SENTENCES

I have eaten sushi

We have worked long haver

He has bougth a new car

My wife has traveled several times to USA

It has rained a lot

My friends and i have sung at the karaoke bar

You have slept more that to hours

They have played tennis

I`ve been sick lately

We`ve listened a lot of

He`s lived there for more that 6 years

She`s driven a truck

It`s been cold these days

We`ve studied all night

You`ve drunk milk

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 They`ve buit a now house

S + HAVEN`T/HASN`T + UPP C

NEGATIVE

I haven`t felt any love for you

We haven`t learned/learnt the lesson

He hasn`t done his homework

She hasn`t practiced any sport

It`s hasn`t worked gone to a party

You haven`t looked at the pictures

They haven`t called me yet

HAVE/HAS + S + UPP + C ?

1. Have you writting a book?

Yes, i have

no, i haven`t

2. Has she sent the homework by e-mail?

yes, she has

no, she hasn`t

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 3. Have they met new friend?

yes, they have

no, they haven`t

WE OFTEHN USE THE PRESENT PERFEVT WITH

EVER IN QUESTIONS AND NEVER N IN NEGATIVE
SENTENCES
SENTENCES

Have you ever eaten indian food?

no, i`ve never eaten indian food

Has she ever driven a truck?

no she`s never driven a truck

Have they ever worked more than 10 hours?

no, they`ve never worked more than 10 hours

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 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND MOVEMENT

SENTENCES

He was looking for her across the beach.

When she arrive, she come into the room.

We come from Australia.

Sara entered into her house.

We passed between two mountains.

The dog is in a room.

There is a car beside the park.

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 The bike is between the walls.

We use for and since with the present perfect to talk about how long the
action or situation existed from the past to the present. We use for to talk
about time since to talk about a period of time.

FOR SINCE
Four years 1999
One month Last year
Three days Yesterday
Four hours A moved to ecuador
A long time February
A minute Last october
9:00 o`clock
SENTENCES
SENTENCES
Victoria has been in Canada for six
years. Victoria has been in Colombia since
July.
We`ve been waitinf for two hours.
We`ve been waiting since 9 o`clock.
I`ve lived in Ecuador for a long time.
I`ve lived in Ecuador since I was ten.
AGO = before now
I started my new job six monts ago.

WRITE FOR OR SINCE

SENTENCES

She`s been in Ecuador since Tuesday.

Carlos has been in Ireland for two days.

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 My uncle has lived in Denver for 25 years.

The bus is late. We`ve been waiting for 15 minutes.

Mike has been sick for a long time. He has been in hospital since yesterday.

I`ve studied english for six months.

We`ve worked in that place since last year.

He`s been alone since he got divorced.

Judy has been a teacher since 1995.

She has worked out at the gym for three hours.

A JOB INTERVIEW

SENTENCES

Your current situation and job

Tell me about your current job

Why do you want to leave your current job?

Reasons for applying

Why do you think you`d like to do this job?

Strengths, weaknesses,and personal qualities

Do you have any weaknesses?

How would other people describe you?

Questions for the interviewer?

49
What questions do you hav about the job?

Can you give me some information about (the salary, the hours, the benefits, etc.)?

MAKE AND DO

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 ZERO CONDITIONAL
IF + S + V S + V + C
(IF + PRESENT + PRESENT)
The zero conditional is used to make statements about the real world, and often refers to general truths,

such as scientific facts. In these sentences, the time is now or always and the situation is real and

possible.

SENTENCES

If we travel to other countries we learn more

If we study english we are sble to speak

If you heat the oil you can fry faster

If I work hard I make more

FIRST CONDITIONAL

IF + S + V + C /S WILL V C

SENTENCES

- If I drive a car / I will crash

- If rains a lof the crops will get lost

- If I do my homework. I will learn more

- If I play the guitar. I will perform in the concert

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 SECOND CONDITIONAL

IF + S Vp C/ I Would /Mitight

SENTENCES

If I found five thasend dollar

If I were you I would get married

THE MOST USEFUL PHRASAL VERBS

1. Back up: apoyar. The rest of the team backed her uo when she told management about

her plans. Tambin puede significar dar marcha atrs o hacer una copia de seguridad.

2. Bring up: mencionar algo. Dont bring up the bufget during the meeting, please.

3. Carry out: llevar acabo, the company is carrying out a plan to increase saslaries by 20%

next year.

4. Come across: encontrarse a alguien por casualidad. I went to the park and came across

you brother- he is looking so grown up now!

5. Come up with: ocurrirse (una idea, solucin). Remember our it problema? Well, carlos

has come up with a great solution?

6. Drop off: dejar a alguien en un sitio. Marcos is dropping me off a the airport today.

7. Find out: averiguar. Maria got promoted when they found out she has excellent business

skills.

8. Get along: llevarse bien. Do you get along with your english teacher? I think shes really

cool.

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9. Get back to: responder ms tarde. Let me check out some numebers and I will get back

to you with answer this afternoon.

10. Get over: superar. He has gotten over his breahup quite well, dont you think?

11. Give up: dejar un habitad. I gave up smoking last may. Tambin puede significar

rendirse.

12. Hurry up: darse prima. Hurry up or we will never make it in time.

13. Look after: cuidara a alguien. Im looking after the children while my sister is at work.

14. Make up: recuperar. Making up for last time. Otros posibles significados: hacer las

paces, maquillarse, inventar

15. Pick up: recoger. Can you pick me up at the train station? Tambin puede significar

aprender por casualidad: i picked some fench while i was living in pars.

16. Point out: sealar. Tranks for pointing this out, jhon. Other wise we could have made a

big mistake.

17. Set up: fundar, establecer. I have always wanted to set you my oun free lance business.

18. Turn on/ off: encender/apagar. Can you turn the lighs oft when you leave, please?

19. Turn out: ocurrir de manera diferente a lo esperado. As it turns out, jhon didnt get the

job in advertising-he is going to Australia for a gap year instead.

20. Turn up: llegar o aparecer. Mike hasnt turned up yet. Do any of you know where is he?

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 PAST PERFECT
S + HAD + UPP C
The past perfect is you that was computer before other any action.

SENTENCES

I had studied for the exam

Id studied for the exam

I hadnt studied for the exam.

Youd written a letter for your folxs

You havent written a letter for you folxs

She had been sick for two weeks

Shed been sick for two weeks

We had painted our house

QUESTION

o Had you worked for that company last years?

Yes , I had
No , I hadnt

o Had they lived in the countries before?

Yes , they had
No , they hadnt

o Where had she been?

Shed been on vacation

SENTENCES

I was in the office last night. Someone had stolen the computer

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 Whilw we were deiving to the beach , my mother had called us

When I arrived to the cinema the movie had started

She had lived in Ecuador before she went to Argentina

After they hade aten Pizza , the began to feel sick

Judy didnt arrive untill after I had left

The chuldren hadnt done their homework so they were in trouble

We can use relative clauses to join two english sentences, or to give more information obout

something.

SENTENCES

I agought a new car. It is very fast

I abought a new car that is very faste

She lives in New York. She likes living New York

She lives in New York which she likes

THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS IS THE SUBJECT

WHO - FOR PEOPLE WHICH FOR THINGS
We can use who which or that. We use who for people and which for things.

We can use that for people or things.

CLAUSE AFTER THE OBJECT OF THE SENTENCES

Im looking for a secretary who/ that can use a computer well.

She has a so who/that is a doctor.

We bought a house which/that is 20 years old.

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CLAUSE AFTER THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCES

The people who/that live on the island are very friendly.

The man who/that phoned is my brother

The camera which/that costs $100 is over there.

SUBJECT QUESTIONS / OBJECT QUESTIONS

Subject questions pregunta por el sujeto. No tiene verbo auxiliar, no son tan comunes como el

object questions.

Q: who called?

A: Pepe called

Q: What happened?

A: Something interesting

ADJETIVES
An Adjectives that ends in ING is used to describe the characteristics, a think or a situatio.an

adjectives that ends in Ed is used to describe: a felling as an emotion. It is used to describe a

temporary thing.

Amused Amusing
Annoyed Annoying
bored Boring
Challenged Challenging
Confused Confusing
Convinced Convinsing

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 Depressed Depressing
Disappointed Disappointing
Disgusted Disgusting
Embarrassed Embarrassing
Encouraged Encoraging
Entertained Entertaining
Excited Exciting
Exhausted Exhausting
Fascinated Fascinating
Frustrated Frustrating
Inspired Inspiring
Insulted Insulting
Interested Interesting
Moved Moving
Pleased Pleasing
Relaxed Relaxing
Shocked Shocking
Satisfied Satisfying
Surprised Surprinsing
Thrilled Thrilling
Touched Touching
Troubled Troubling
Worried Worrying

USE TO
AFFIRMATIVE s + use to + verb
NEGATIVE s + didnt + use to + verb
QUESTIONS did + s + use to + verb

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SENTENCES
What did you use to do when you were in the High school?

I used to go camping

I used to play

I used to go parties

Where did you use to travel every summer?

We used to travel to the beach

What didnt you use to when you were fifteen years old?

I didnt use drink alcohol

He used to smoke a lot

She used to swim on the river

STATEMENT AND REQUEST

STATEMENT

The meeting is on Friday

Please tell Ann (that) the meeting is on the Friday

Could you tell here (that) the meeting is on Friday?

Would you tell Ann (that) the meeting is on Friday?

REQUEST

Call me this afternoon

Please ask him to call me afternoon

Could you ask him to call me the afternoon

Would you ask him to call me the afternoon

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 SAY OR TELL
The verbs say or tell have similar meaning.

The simple way to think of say and tell is.

You say something

You tell someone something

You say something You tell someone something

Ram said that he was tired. Ram told Jane that he was tired.
Anthony says you have a new job. Anthony tells me you have a new job.
Tara said: "I love you." Tara told John that she loved him.
But, of course, it is not always so easy. Here are a few rules to help you

PERSONAL OBJECT
We usually follow tell with a personal object (the person that we are speaking to). We usually

use say without a personal object:

SENTENCES

She told me that she loved John.

She said that she loved John.

He told everybody that he had to leave.

He said that he had to leave.

SAY "TO SOMEONE"

With say, we sometimes use "to someone

He said to me that he was tired.

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 Tara said to Ram that he had done very well.

Anthony said to her, "I hope you come soon."

"I'd like to sleep," she said to him quietly.

DIRECT SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH (El estilo directo)

Cuando queremos informar exactamente de lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el estilo

directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas () y deber ser

palabra por palabra.

SENTENCES

I am going to London next week, she said.

Do you have a pen I could borrow, he asked.

Alice said, I love to dance.

Chris asked, Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?

She says, "What time will you be home?"

She said, "What time will you be home?" and I said, "I don't know!

REPORTED SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH (El estilo indirecto)

El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita ser palabra

por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el tiempo verbal cambia.

Present Simple Past Simple

He is American, she said. She said he was American.
I am happy to see you,

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 He asked, Are you busy tonight? Mary said Mary said that she was happy to
see me.
He asked me if I was busy that night.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT QUESTIONS

DIRECT QUESTIONS

Why do you want this job?.

What is your name?.

When did you see the advertisement?.

How much do you earn?.

Where do you live?.

Who gave you my name?.

What happened?.

INDIRECT QUESTIONS

Would you mind telling me..?.

Can you tell me?.

I'd be interested to hear

Could you tell me?.

I'd like to know

Can you tell me what you like most about your present job?

LETTER
Begin your letter using the word Dear, followed by the name of the person you write to

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Some things you can say:

EXAMPLE

Thanks for your

letter

postcard

present

invitation

Sorry it's taken me so long to write.

I hope you're well.

Good to see you again last week.

Look forward to seeing you soon!

INFINITIVE PRONOUNS
Un pronombre indefinido no se refiere a ninguna persona, cosa o cantidad especfica.any,

anybody/anyone, anything, everybody/everyone, everything, nobody, none, one, some,

somebody/someone.

Persona Lugar Cosa

Todo everyone everywhere everything

everybody

Parte (afirmativa) someone somewhere something

somebody

Parte (negativa) anyone anywhere anything

anybody

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Nada no one nowhere nothing
nobody

SENTENCES
My name is Michael but everybody calls me Make

My dog follows me everywhere

Has anyone got a pencil?

Nobody came to the party yesterday

You can go everywhere in the town in a few minutes

There is something for you on your desk

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