H3PO4 dan PH

- (Ni & Co _ Adsorptive remediation of Cu(II) and Ni(II) by microwave assisted H3PO4activated carbon
)

Generally, H3PO4 acts as a dehydrating catalyst, which can promote decomposition of the cellulosic
precursor at a lower heat treatment temperature. Moreover, the presence of H3PO4 in the interior
of the precursor restricts the tar formation of cross-links and inhibits the shrinkage of the precursor
particle by occupying certain substantial volumes resulting in the lower weight loss and higher yield
for H3PO4 impregnated carbon.

- Preparation of bio-based porous carbon by microwave assisted phosphoric acid activation and its
use for adsorption of Cr(VI)

The protonated surface functional groups in the acidic medium of pH 3 provide favorable force of
attraction for HCrO4. Therefore, the possible mechanisms of metal ion adsorption may be interactions
between protonated sites of the adsorbent and negatively charged forms of the adsorbate species.

H3PO4NYA SAMA KAYAK DIATAS

- Taguchi optimization approach for production of activated carbon from phosphoric acid
impregnated palm kernel shell by microwave heating

Konsentrasi yg bagus 85%.

Preparation of activated carbon from Xinjiang region coal by microwave activation and its application
in naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene adsorption

Thus, KOH activated samples exhibited the best adsorption capacity. Metallic potassium formed during
the redox reaction can be intercalated into the carbon walls independently of the structural order
responsible for separation and degradation of graphitic layers thus develop the microporosity and
mesoporosity. The MB molecule has been estimated that it was accessible to the pores with diameters
larger than 1.3 nm[28]and can be used to indicate the capacity of a carbon for sorption of medium-sized
molecules. The iodine molecule provides information about the surface area that is contributed by pores
larger than 1 nm[29], and the iodine number provides a good indication of the capacity of a carbon for
sorption of small molecules. The activators of ZnCl2and H3PO4could be widely used to prepare AC from
lignocellulosic products.

H3PO4, ZnCl2, KOH, NaOH and K2CO3are usually the most common and efficient chemical activators
being used in preparation of ACs with large surface areas [6]. Generally, alkali activator is preferred
over ZnCl2and H3PO4, because of its low energy requirements and least impact on the environment

Preparation and characterization of raw and carbon from banana peel by microwave activation:
Application in citric acid adsorption

Nowadays, microwave heating is used in various applications. Conventional and microwave heating
differ in the way the heat is generated. In microwave heating, the energy is freely transformed
into heat inside the particles by ionic conduction and dipole rotation. When a high-frequency
voltage is given to a sample material, the molecules with permanent dipole or induced dipole
moment, due to the applied electrical field, align in the direction opposite to that of the applied
field. As a result, the heat is directly generated by dipoledipole rotation of molecules and friction
within matrix (microwave irradiation). Therefore, a huge temperature gradient develops from the
interior of the sample particle to its cool surface. Because of this mechanism, the microwaveinduced
reaction is more effective and faster

During charring, a flask filled with RBP (50 g) was kept inside a modified microwave oven (Panasonic
NN78 4MF) and heated at full power (1200 W) for 10 min. The exact temperature of microwave-
assisted carbonization could not be determined, as the microwave did not have that option.

Effect of hard and soft structure of different biomasses on the porosity development of activated
carbon prepared under N2/microwave radiations. (Fedia Mechatia, *, Chafia Bouchelta a , Mohamed
Salah Medjrama , Rafik Benrabaa b , Nesrine Ammouchi_ Journal of Environmental Chemical
Engineering 3 (2015) 19281938)

The use of microwave as an activation method has considerably reduced the consumed energy
and activation time compared with the conventional method.

Adsorptive removal of CO2on highly microporous activated carbons prepared from Eucalyptus
camaldulensis wood: Effect of chemical activation.

Through varying the H3PO4/biomass ratio from 1.5 to 2.5, the prepared ACs displayed BET surface
areas in the range of 18752117 m2 /g with micropores content of 6997%. For the ZnCl2 activated
series, BET surface areas varying from 1274.8 to 2107.9 m2 /g with micropores content of 93
100% were obtained from impregnation ratios of 0.752.0. The AC obtained by KOH had the
largest BET surface area of 2594 m2 /g and the high micropore content of 98%.