Data Entry dan Preparation

Direct Spatial Data Acquisition

Data directryl caputerd from the environment
Primary data
- Terrestrial survey
- Field surveys
- GPS/Mobile GIS
- Aerial surveys and satellite remote sensing
Indirect Saptial Data Acquisition
Data dereived from existing sources
Data that have been collected for other purposes
Secondary data
- Spatial data from elsewhere
- Existing based paper maps
Spatial Data From Elsewhere
DATA QUALITY
Spatial data obtained from elsewhere often means that the data comes with a certain
quality. Poor quality input data can cause erroneous or meaningless interpretation.
META DATA
To ensure the quality of data it is important to include metadata. Metadata describes the
spatial data. It helps to find the required spatial data and provides information how best
to use it.
GEOPORTAL
A geoportal is a special type of web portal that act as a gateway to a colleciton of
geospatial resources. It uses meatdata for the discovery of geoservices and spatial data.
GEOPORTAL COMPONENTS
The service provider publishes the data, de user finds the data, and the geoportal
combines (bind) the data.
- Publish -> Find -> Bind
DATA EXCHANGE
Spatial data obtained form elsewhere often means that the data comes in a different data
format. Data format conversions (e.g. DXF to shape file). May effect the geometric
quality of the data
Spatial data obtained form elsewhere often means that the data comes with a domain
or community-specific semantics and structure.
DATA EXCANGES STANDARD
 Geography Mark-up Language (GML) is a simple textual format for encoding vector
and raster data. It is an OGC standard designed for the web and web-based services to
exchange spatial data.
GML provides the basis for domain-or community-specific...

DIGITIZING TECHNIQUES
1. On-tablet digitizing (manual).
2. On-screen digitizing (manual or semi-automatic).
3. Automatic (scan) digitizing.
ON-SCREEN AGAINST ON-TABLET DIGITIZING
More comfortable for the operator ....

SELECTING A DIGITIZING METHOD

Manual: complex documents/ interpretations from satellite imagery or aerial
photographs.
Semi-automatic : simple documents that require some interpretation.
Automatic : simple documents with one type of information.

DIGITIZING TIPS
Digitizing Areas
In certain cases it is more convenient to digitize area objects as lines and thereafter use
an automatic proscedure to consturct of....

SCANNING
Scanning Resolution :
Milimeters (e.g. 0,05 mm)
Microns (e.g. 50 um)....

Selecting scanner resolution

Manual on-screen :
Printed map : 200 300 dpi
Aerial photographs : > 800 dpi
Semi-automatic / automatic :
Printed map 300-600 dpi (depending on the thickness of the thinnest lines)
Output :
Two times the resolution of the printer.

COMBINING DATA FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES

....
DIFFERENCES IN ACCURACY AND DETAIL
Two vectro data sets created for different map scales are overlaid. The polygons of two
vector data sets do not coincide because of differences in accuracy and amount of detail.
INTEGRATING DATA SETS
Edge Maching
The process of joining vector data sets of adjacent areas is called edge.....
Coordinate Transformations
THE INTEGRATION OF DATASETS INTO ONE COMMMON COORDINATE