IMPACT OF HEALTH AWARENESS IN TRIBAL

AREAS OF CHHATTISGARH
Project submitted to
Professor Eritria Roy

(Faculty Economics)

Project submitted by
Puneet Sameeksha Xalxo

Secc

Roll no.118

Semester 1
10/10/14

Hidayatullah National Law University

Raipur,chattisgarh
 Impact of health awareness in tribal areas of Chhattisgarh

DECLARATION

I , Puneet Sameeksha Xalxo , hereby declare that , the project work entitled ,
speaking skills submitted to H.N.L.U ., Raipur is record of an original work
done by me under the able guidance if Miss Eritriya Roy , Faculty Member
of economics , H.N.L.U., Raipur.

PUNEET SAMEEKSHA XALXO

ROLL NO 118
10/10/14

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 Impact of health awareness in tribal areas of Chhattisgarh

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 Impact of health awareness in tribal areas of Chhattisgarh

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 Impact of health awareness in tribal areas of Chhattisgarh

TABLE OF CONTENS

ACKNOWLEGEMENT..4

REAEARCH METHODOLOGY5

OBJECTIVE6

1.INTRODUCTION ..7

2.TRIBAL HEALTH CULTURE.8

3.TIBAL HEALTH PROBLEM9-10

4.IMPROVING HEALTH SERVICES IN TRIBAL AREAS11-12

5. CONCLUSION13

6.REFRENCES.14

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 Impact of health awareness in tribal areas of Chhattisgarh

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research methodology used in this project is analytical and descriptive. It is

largely based on electronic and secondary sources of data . Data has been collected
from various articles and web sources. This project is based upon non-doctrinal
method of research. This project has been done after a through research based upon
intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the project

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 Impact of health awareness in tribal areas of Chhattisgarh

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude

towards my course teacher, Miss. Eritriya Roy for giving me constant
guidance and encouragement throughout the course of the project.

I would also like to thank the University for providing me the internet and
library facilities which were indispensable for getting relevant content on the
subject, as well as subscriptions to online databases and journals, which were
instrumental in writing relevant text.

Special thanks goes out to my seniors who have been relentless in their
help and supporting providing any material whenever required and my
colleagues, who always stood by me, irrespective of the decisions taken by
me. Without their support this project would not have seen the light of the
day.

PUNEET SAMEEKSHA XALXO

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 Impact of health awareness in tribal areas of Chhattisgarh

FIRST SEMESTER
B.A. L.L.B(HONS.)

OBJECTIVES

1. To understand the status of health awareness in tribal areas.

2. To know the problem of health culture.
3. To get the information about the tribal health problem.
4. To know the way how to improve health service.

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 Impact of health awareness in tribal areas of Chhattisgarh

Impact of health awareness in tribal areas of

Chhattisgarh
Introduction
One of the youngest, most resource-rich and forested states of India, Chhattisgarh has a
population of about 25 million, more than three-quarters of which live in rural and remote
parts of the state. Many of them are tribal groups working in small farming communities,
known for their ancient traditions and intricate handicrafts. However, it is agriculture that
offers basic sustenance to the people here, while poverty and isolation are ongoing
challenges for many communities.

Many of Chhattisgarhs most disadvantaged people live in distant and forested districts
that remain poorly served by social services and have lower levels of human
development. In Chhattisgarh, nearly 21,600 children die annually within the first week
of their lives and one child in four under three years of age suffer from wasting due to
acute under nutrition. While neonatal mortality stands at about 57 per cent, only 54 out of
1,000 deliveries are recorded as live births. More than half of adolescent girls in the state
suffer from anaemia.

There are a number of challenges facing the children of Chhattisgarh, of which child
survival and development is possibly the most critical. Low coverage and quality of
antenatal and postnatal care, high proportion of unsupervised home deliveries and delay
in seeking health care for sick infants are the major factors contributing to death.

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Tribal health culture

(genetic disease burden )

Tribal health is an important aspect of development and progress of the people. This study
pertaining to genetic disease burden, nutritional status and biomedical anthropological
assessment with particular reference to determinants of tribal health care has been carried out
among the four tribes, namely, Bhatra, Gond, Kondh and Paraja of Orissa residing adjacent to
the bordering districts of Chhattisgarh The population genetic structure of a tribe is the outcome
of socio-cultural practices, bio-psychological behavior, genetic constitution, and eco-
environmental conditions. Tribal communities in India, in general and of Chhattisgarh state in
particular, are highly vulnerable to various genetic diseases, nutritional deficiencies and
unrealistic practices and lack of access to basic health facilities. A total of 815 blood samples
comprising of 166 Bhatra, 219 Gond, 254 Kondh and 176 Paraja tribes were collected randomly
under aseptic conditions. The frequency of sickle cell hemoglobinopathy (3.2-22.5%), -
thalassemia trait (0.5-8.5%), and G6PD enzyme deficiency (6-16%) is very high among the
tribes of Chhattisgarh. However, the prevalence of Rhesus negative blood group is very low (0-
0.6%). The frequency of hereditary hemolytic anemia is also high among the tribals of
Chhattisgarh. Both communicable and non-communicable diseases harbor the tribal population.
The nutritional deficiencies are rampant. Tribal people are engrossed with superstitions and have
faith in traditional healers who practice magico-religious rites along with indigenous herbal
treatment for the common ailments. Traditional folk medicine and health culture play a
significant role in shaping tribal life. These health practices differ from one tribe to another.
Unless locality specific, tribe specific and need-based health care system is evolved which
should be appropriate, acceptable, accessible, and affordable, the true goal of health for all
cannot be achieved in India.

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Tribal health problem

An adolescent represents major potential human resources for the overall development of a
nation. Reproductive health is an important component of a general health, it is a prerequisite for
social and economic and imperative because human energy and creativity are the driving forces
of the development. Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health (ARSH) has been identified as
a key strategy in the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH-II) program under the National Rural
Health Mission(NRHM).

The status of girls and women in society and how they are treated or mistreated is a crucial
determinant of their reproductive health. Educational opportunities for girls and women
powerfully affect their status and the control they have over their own lives and their health and
fertility. The empowerment of women is therefore as essential element for health. (International
Population Conference 1994). There are various study conducted to assess the knowledge level
of adolescents towards reproductive system and organs and awareness regarding sex knowledge
on adolescent girls (16- 20 years) found that awareness regarding HIV/AIDS among adolescent
girls is very low, adolescent girls also back adequate knowledge about sexual matter and
contraception which results in early pregnancy, increased risk of STD infections, maternal
morbidity and mortality and unsafe abortion. According to WHO, 250 million new cases of STD
occur worldwide each year with a high rate in 16-19yrs age group. Young people are at risk of
HIV/AIDS because they are in the transition phase of their life. Hence these young people have
the rights to understand the changes they are going through and to develop skills of forming
healthy and responsible relationship. Many diseases can occur by lack of awareness, myths;
hence there is need for creating awareness about reproductive health among the vulnerable
groups .

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By the observation we observed that there is a lack of knowledge about sex in tribles as wells as
in the urban areas among the girls .Following recommendation are suggested for the better health
care. : Health education should be incorporated in the curriculum which should be given through
teaching, interpersonal communication, television, health camps and specialist. Mobiles are very
common among adolescents. Broadcasting of health massages would be effective through
mobiles. Reproductive health problems should be discussed among adolescents, specially for
girls through organize health clubs, adolescents hub at school level and identify and solve their
reproductive health problems through counseling with the help of specialist on time to time.
Such Study should be promoted at school level with the help of Anthropologist and non
government organization so that on the basis of the study result government can start school
health programmes. Such educational intervention programs must be given due importance,
which will help the adolescent girls to take care of their own health and protect themselves from
the risk of Reproductive health problems .

There are a number of challenges facing the children of Chhattisgarh, of which child survival and
development is possibly the most critical. Low coverage and quality of antenatal and postnatal
care, high proportion of unsupervised home deliveries and delay in seeking health care for sick
infants are the major factors contributing to newborn deaths. Lack of appropriate feeding habits
for infants and inadequate reach and capacity of ICDS services add to the high levels of
malnutrition in the state. Other key concerns include further enrolment and retention of girls in
higher secondary school, tribal and scheduled caste children in schools that provide quality
education, eradicating the practice of open defecation in fields, encouraging proper hygiene and
guaranteeing a safe water supply.

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Improving health services in tribal areas

Recognising that health indicators are generally poor in the countrys tribal areas, the
government has decided to develop a national framework and roadmap to improve the
appropriateness, access, and quality of health services among the tribal population.

The national framework will be drafted by an expert committee constituted by the Union
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to better address healthcare challenges of the Scheduled
Tribes population, particularly those living in the tribal districts and tribal development blocks.

As per the 2001 Census, the tribal population was 8.43 crror or eight per cent of the total
population, with over 90 per cent living in rural areas with poor social indicators. North-eastern
States have the highest tribal population followed by Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.

Infant mortality, maternal mortality and neo-natal death figures are unacceptably high among
the STs because of lack of healthcare infrastructure, low literacy rates and sometimes traditional
practices.

In addition to reviewing the special schemes and programmes and interventions taken by the
Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, identify gaps and deficiencies in their
implementation, the expert committee will suggest strategic interventions for improved
implementation.

This decision was taken in the wake of a general observation that the health indicators were
generally poor in tribal areas and that there was a need to review the health programmes and
approach to improve delivery and performance of health programmes in these areas.

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The expert committee will prepare strategic guidelines for States to draw up Programme
Implementation Plans, including model District Health Action Plans for tribal health based on
tribal health issues and diseases burden, and review the available health data with a view to
maintaining a regular database specific to tribal health.

The committee, chaired by Abhay Bhang (SEARCH), will have 12 members in addition to
representatives from the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Secretaries of
Department of Tribal Welfare from Chhattisgarh and Orrisa and Commissioner Tribal Welfare
of Andhra Pradesh as special invitees.

Asked to submit its report within six months, the expert group will also review the information
on health infrastructure and availability of human resources and make recommendations on
interventions to be made to create, or strengthen the existing infrastructure for health in tribal
blocks.

The experts will examine and suggest interventions to address the specific needs of the tribal
population, especially the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups, and suggest specific specific
needs of the tribal population, especially the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups, and suggest
specific interventions necessary in collaboration with other Ministries to improve the social
determinants of health in tribal areas, in addition to suggesting ways to improved supervision and
monitoring systems interventions necessary in collaboration with other Ministries to improve the
social determinants of health in tribal areas, in addition to suggesting ways to improved
supervision and monitoring systems.

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Conclusion
The base tribal hospital is important in administering primary and secondary healthcare,
health education, disease surveillance, community outreach and for continued confidence
in allopathic medicine. Diet-based morbidities may be combated via organic farming and
banning local alcohol production, while anaemia may be combated through continued
iron, salt and folic acid supplementation to women. The formulation of mental health
programmes and long term educational initiatives at the village level are critical to
reducing suicide and infant mortality. Further epidemiological studies are required to gain
a complete picture of health within the population, and successful implementation of the
model elsewhere must factor in sociocultural disparities among tribes.

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References

1.www.wikipedia.com

2.www.edu .eco.in

3.economics.org

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