With the increasing population of the students globally, a lot of school have adopted double-shift

class schooling system. Double shifting or double session is a method in schooling system where
the population of students who uses the same buildings and academic curriculum get split into
morning and afternoon blocks. The general purpose of this system is to serve students with one
single resources and to increase the supply of school while minimizing the costs. Nolan G. Pope
(2016) analyze in his study on how the time of the day affects students productivity and if
efficiency gains can be obtained rearranging the order of task they perform throughout the school
day. He uses detailed, student lever-panel data from the Los Angeles United School District for
1.8 million student-years observations. The data include the complete class schedules, grades,
and California Standards Test (CST) scores for all sixth- through eleventh-grade students form
2003-2009. He also proposes a simple innovation that school can use to improve student
performance: rearranging schedules to take advantage of time-of-fay effects. By estimating the
effect of morning versus afternoon classes on GPA and CST scores, mapping out productivity
throughout a school day, looking at how time-of-day affects differs by gender, age, parental
educational level, and ability level of the students Nolan G. Pope (2013) come up with a
conclusion that the productivity of students is higher in the morning than the afternoon any that
this variation in productivity can be exploited to increase efficiency. However, the paper is
unable to distinguish the difference between the three mechanisms such as changes in teachers
teaching quality and students learning ability due to fatigue throughout the day or differences in
morning and afternoon class attendance due to teachers versus students. Despite these
shortcomings, the result tend to show that students learn more in the morning than later in the
school day.

The double shifting schooling system has been widely used to achieve and objective of an
education for all. Despite of the advantages that the double shift schooling system brings, there
are still negative expanses in academic achievement between the students from different
schooling sessions. Double-shift schooling has helped many countries to provide better
education, however this policy may come at cost. Using a unique dataset form Mexicos
National Institute for Educational Assessment and Evaluations, Galiya Sagyndykova (2013)
examine the different factors influencing academic performances of secondary schools from
morning and afternoon shifts and examine the effects of socio-economic and academic variables
on students test score performances. In addition, this study also determine whether the difference
in academic performance of students in the morning and afternoon shifts has a causal nature or
is due to differences in characteristics or students as a result of the selection process. To identify
the factors that influences the academic performances of the students, this study uses two
developed model. Nakosteen and Zimmer (1980) to estimate migration decisions and Heckmans
(1979) two-stage estimation technique for sample selection bias. By analyzing the academic
performances of the students using the models, Galiya Sagyndykova (2013) was able to come up
with a findings showing that a teacher working more hours has a negative effect on students
performances in both shifts. The study also shows that students are more enthusiastically
studying in the morning compare to afternoon, however it was explained in the study that most
of effect of the morning session on their academic performances is due to the difference
characteristics of students.

A lot of schools have been experimenting with changes in their scheduling. The course
scheduling is a list that shows the times of week at which particular subjects are taught. Angela
K. Dills and Rey Hernndez-Julin (2008) examines the relationship between course scheduling
and student achievement, controlling for students and course characteristics. According to the
study a students grade in a course depends on many variables, however the study only focuses
on the effect of time of day and frequency of class meeting: factors typically neglected in studies
of student achievement. By estimating the grade regression on students on a particular sections,
data of the students class time and courses theyre able to examine the effect of time of day on
students performances. They specify in their study the regression of students grades on class
time in a variety of ways to allow the data determine the pattern in student performances over the
course of the day. A separate set of regressions imposes a functional form on the relationship
between the students performance and the mean time of the class. By analyzing the data
gathered there are able to come up a result of the relationship between time of the day and grades
positive. The multiverse regression analysis of the relationship between the course scheduling
and student performances shows that the students performance better in class that meets later in
the day and more often.