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6.4.4.1 Definitions
Back pressure is the pressure that exists at the outlet of a pressure relief device as a result of the
pressure in the discharge system. It is the sum of the superimposed and built-up back pressures and
has an influence on the function of the safety valve.17)
The type of back pressure that occurs depends on the type of installation. The simplest version of
installation is a vessel with a safety valve but no connected outlet line (see Figure 6.4.4.1-1). This
configuration is used for uncritical mediums like water or air and small safety valve sizes. With this
configuration no additional back pressure arises.
Outlet line
Outlet line
Vessel Vessel
Vessel
17)
API 520 Part I, 8th Edition 2008, Sect. 3.3
Back Pressure
Balanced Bellows
Constant
Superimposed CDTP-correction
Back Pressure
Variable Balanced Bellows
Depending on the type of back pressure, LESER defines different actions to avoid reductions of
capacity (Figure 6.4.4.2-1).
FS
AB Used Symbols
Fpa Bellows Fs Spring force
Fpa Disc Fp Inlet pressure force on disc
Fpa Bellows Back pressure force on bellows
Fpa Disc Back pressure force on disc
Fp AS Seat area
p
AB Bellows area
AS
AS = AB
Figure 6.4.4.2-2: Function of balanced bellows
The compensation by balanced bellows reaches up to 50 % for safety valves of the API product
group and up to 35% for all other LESER safety valves with balanced bellows.
This means:
The CDTP-correction is the correction of set pressure at test bench conditions to achieve the correct
set pressure at service conditions. Example:
When the superimposed back pressure is taken into account LESER will deliver the safety valve with
a spring which is designed for the differential pressure (From the example: 8 bar instead of 10 bar).
18)
ASME PTC 25-2001, chapter 2.7