Answer, Key Homework 7 David McIntyre 45123 Mar 25, 2004 1

This print-out should have 24 questions. k2 = 5.5 N/cm , and

Multiple-choice questions may continue on W = 44 N ,
the next column or page find all choices
before making your selection. The due time is The springs stretch the same amount x be-
Central time. cause of the way they were positioned.
Chapters 6 and 7 problems. Then F1 = k1 x and F2 = k2 x, so the force
equation for the suspended mass is
001 (part 1 of 1) 0 points X X
A cheerleader lifts his 70.9 kg partner straight Fup = Fdown
up off the ground a distance of 0.594 m before
releasing her. k1 x + k 2 x = W
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
If he does this 27 times, how much work has
he done? W
x=
Correct answer: 11143.5 J. k1 + k 2
Explanation: 44 N
=
The work done in lifting the cheerleader 3.5 N/cm + 5.5 N/cm
once is = 4.88889 cm .
W1 = m g h Dimensional analysis for x:
= (70.9 kg)(9.8 m/s2 )(0.594 m)
= 412.723 J . N cm
=N = cm
N/cm N
The work required to lift her n = 27 times is
W = n W1 = (27)(412.723 J) = 11143.5 J. 003 (part 2 of 5) 0 points
In this same parallel spring system, what is
the effective combined spring constant kparallel
002 (part 1 of 5) 0 points of the two springs?
Correct answer: 9 N/cm.
In the parallel spring system, the springs Explanation:
are positioned so that the 44 N weight If the springs were one spring, that spring
stretches each spring equally. The spring con- would react with a force F = k x where
stant for the left-hand spring is 3.5 N/cm and F = W due the law of action and reaction,
the spring constant for the righ-hand spring we have
is 5.5 N/cm .
W
kparallel =
x
W
3.5 N/cm

5.5 N/cm

=
x
44 N
=
4.88889 cm
44 N = 9 N/cm ,
How far down will the 44 N weight stretch which happens to be the sum of the individual
the springs? constants
Correct answer: 4.88889 cm.
Explanation: kparallel = k1 + k2
= 3.5 N/cm + 5.5 N/cm
Let : k1 = 3.5 N/cm , = 9 N/cm .
 Answer, Key Homework 7 David McIntyre 45123 Mar 25, 2004 2

Explanation:
004 (part 3 of 5) 0 points xtotal = x1 +x2 , so W = kseries xtotal , which
Now consider the same two springs in series. is equivalent to

5.5 N/cm 3.5 N/cm

W
kseries =
x1 + x 2
44 N
=
12.5714 cm + 8 cm
= 2.13889 N/cm , or
1
kseries = x +x
1 2
W
44 N 1
= x1 x2
What distance will the spring of constant +
3.5 N/cm stretch? W W
1
Correct answer: 12.5714 cm. =
1 1
Explanation: +
In the series system, the springs stretch k1 k2
a different amount, but each carries the full 1
=
weight W = 44 N. W = k1 x1 and 1 1
+
3.5 N/cm 5.5 N/cm
W = 2.13889 N/cm .
x1 =
k1
44 N
=
3.5 N/cm
= 12.5714 cm .
007 (part 1 of 2) 5 points
The pulley system is in equilibrium, the spring
005 (part 4 of 5) 0 points constant k1 = 7 N/cm and the suspended
In this same series spring system, what dis- mass m = 16 kg.
tance will the spring of constant 5.5 N/cm The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
stretch?
Correct answer: 8 cm.
Explanation:
W = k2 x2 and
W
x2 =
k2
44 N k1
=
5.5 N/cm
= 8 cm . m
How much will the spring stretch?
006 (part 5 of 5) 0 points Correct answer: 7.46667 cm.
In this same series spring system, what is the Explanation:
effective combined spring constant kseries of The existence of a spring in a string defines
the two springs? the tension in the string because the force
Correct answer: 2.13889 N/cm. exerted by a spring is F = kx.
 Answer, Key Homework 7 David McIntyre 45123 Mar 25, 2004 3

k2
T1
T1
T1 T3
T3 T3
T3
T2
T4
k1
W1 W2
T5
m
T2 = 2 T1 . Thus at the suspended mass,
For the pulley suspended from the spring,
k2 x2 = 2 T3 so that
T2 + T1 = mg
k 2 x2
T3 =
2
3 T1 = mg
Working up from the suspended weight W2 ,
3 k1 x1 = mg T3 = W2 + T5 so that

k 2 x2
T5 = T 3 W 2 = W2
mg 2
x1 =
3 k1 For the lowest pulley,
(16 kg) 9.8 m/s2

= T4 = 2 T 3 = k 2 x 2
3(7 N/cm)
= 7.46667 cm
Thus at the weight W1 ,

T3 + T 4 = W 1 + T 5
008 (part 2 of 2) 5 points
The pulley system is in equilibrium, the spring k 2 x2 k 2 x2
+ k 2 x2 = W 1 + W2
constant k2 = 18 N/cm, the suspended weight 2 2
W1 = 39 N, and the suspended weight W2 = k 2 x2 = W 1 W 2
11 N.
W1 W 2
x2 =
k2 k2
39 N 11 N
=
18 N/cm
= 1.55556 cm

W1 W2 009 (part 1 of 2) 5 points

How much will the spring stretch?
Correct answer: 1.55556 cm.
Explanation:
A crate is pulled by a force (parallel to the
incline) up a rough incline. The crate has
an initial speed shown in the figure below.
The crate is pulled a distance of 6.3 m on the
incline by a 150 N force.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
 Answer, Key Homework 7 David McIntyre 45123 Mar 25, 2004 4

The work due to the applied force is

/s 0N
6m 15
1.5 Wappl = F d
kg = (150 N) (6.3 m)
13
28 = 945 J ,
0.3 29
=
and the work due to gravity is

a) What is the change in kinetic energy of Wgrav = m g d sin

the crate?
= (13 kg) (9.8 m/s2 )
Correct answer: 325.63 J.
Explanation: (6.3 m) sin 29
= 389.118 J ,
Let : F = 150 N ,
d = 6.3 m , so that
= 29 ,
K = Wf ric + Wappl + Wgrav
m = 13 kg ,
= (230.252 J) + (945 J)
g = 9.8 m/s2 ,
+ (389.118 J)
= 0.328 , and
= 325.63 J .
v = 1.56 m/s .

N v 010 (part 2 of 2) 5 points

F b) What is the speed of the crate after it is
pulled the 6.3 m?
Correct answer: 7.2478 m/s.
Explanation:
N Since

1
mg m (vf2 vi2 ) = K
2
2 K
vf2 vi2 =
m
The work-energy theorem with nonconser-
vative forces reads
Wf ric + Wappl + Wgravity = K r
2 K
To find the work done by friction we need the vf = + vi2
normal force on the block from Newtons law s m
X
Fy = N m g cos = 0 2(325.63 J)
= + (1.56 m/s)2
13 kg
N = m g cos .
Thus = 7.2478 m/s .
Wf ric = m g d cos
= (0.328) (13 kg) (9.8 m/s2 ) 011 (part 1 of 4) 0 points
(6.3 m) cos 29 You drag a suitcase of mass 8.1 kg with a
= 230.252 J . force of F at an angle 31.6 with respect to
 Answer, Key Homework 7 David McIntyre 45123 Mar 25, 2004 5

the horizontal along a surface with kinetic

coefficient of friction 0.36. 014 (part 4 of 4) 0 points
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . If you are accelerating the suitcase with accel-
If the suitcase is moving with constant ve- eration 0.947 m/s2 what is F ?
locity 2.99 m/s, what is F ? Correct answer: 34.8412 N.
Correct answer: 27.4681 N. Explanation:
Explanation: If the suitcase is accelerating with an accel-
F eration a, the force F is

F cos (m g F sin ) = m a

mg N ma + mg
F =
cos + sin
If the suitcase is moving at a constant ve-
locity, (8.1 kg) (0.947 m/s2 )
=
cos 31.6 + 0.36 sin 31.6
F cos = N = (m g F sin ) 0.36 (8.1 kg) (9.8 m/s2 )
+
cos 31.6 + 0.36 sin 31.6
mg = 34.8412 N .
F =
cos + sin
0.36 (8.1 kg) (9.8 m/s2 ) 015 (part 1 of 4) 3 points
=
cos 31.6 + 0.36 sin 31.6 A 52.7 kg box initially at rest is pushed 2.36 m
= 27.4681 N . along a rough, horizontal floor with a constant
applied horizontal force of 261.303 N.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
012 (part 2 of 4) 0 points If the coefficient of friction between box
What is the normal force on the suitcase? and floor is 0.468, find the work done by the
Correct answer: 64.9871 N. applied force.
Explanation: Correct answer: 616.676 J.
You are helping support the weight, so the Explanation:
normal force is The work done by the applied force is given
by
N = m g F sin
= (8.1 kg) (9.8 m/s2 ) WF = F s = (261.303 N)(2.36 m) = 616.676 J
(27.4681 N) sin 31.6
= 64.9871 N . 016 (part 2 of 4) 3 points
Find the work done by the friction.
Correct answer: 570.42 J.
013 (part 3 of 4) 0 points Explanation:
If you pull the suitcase 98.9 m, what work The work done by the friction is given by
have you done?
Correct answer: 2313.8 J. Wf = f s = m g s
Explanation:
Wf = 0.468(52.7 kg)(9.8 m/s2 )(2.36 m) = 570.42

w = F d cos 017 (part 3 of 4) 2 points

= (27.4681 N) (98.9 m) cos 31.6 Find the change in kinetic energy of the box.
= 2313.8 J . Correct answer: 46.256 J.
 Answer, Key Homework 7 David McIntyre 45123 Mar 25, 2004 6

Explanation: Then, using Keplers third law, these four

The net work done is given by quantities are related by

Wnet = WF +Wf = 616.676 J+(570.42 J) = 46.256 J Tc2 a3c

= ,
Te2 a3e

018 (part 4 of 4) 2 points since the factor of proportionality cancels out.

Find the the final speed of the box. Hence, solving for ac , one gets
Correct answer: 1.32493 m/s. 1/3
Tc2

Explanation:
ac = a e
The change in kinetic energy is equal to the Te2
net work done, so 2/3
75.6 years
= (1 AU )
m vf2 m vi2 1 years
K = Wnet = = 17.8792 AU .
2 2
The initial velocity is zero, so
r 020 (part 2 of 3) 3 points
2 Wnet Denote the length of the semi-major axis of
vf =
the orbit by a, and the distance of the closest
p m
2 (46.256 J) approach to the sun by d. The maximum
= distance between the Halleys comet and the
52.7 kg
sun is given by
= 1.32493 m/s
1. 2 a d correct
019 (part 1 of 3) 4 points
The distance of closest approach of Halleys 1
2. (a d)
comet to the sun is 8.55 107 km ( 0.57 AU). 2
The period of the comet is 75.6 years. The 3. a d
radius of the earths orbit around the sun is
1.5 108 km (1 AU) (assume the earths orbit 1
4. (a + d)
is circular). Find the length of the semi-major 2
axis of the comets orbit. 5. a + d
Correct answer: 17.8792 AU.
Explanation: 6. 2 a + d
Basic Concepts: Keplers Third Law.
Explanation:
Solution: to the semi-major axis, a, by Ke-
plers third law,
s
4 2

2
T = a3 .
G Msun
d x
Let
2a
Te = Period of Earths orbit,
(Refer to the above figure.)
ae = Semi-major axis of Earths orbit,
Tc = Period of comets orbit, 021 (part 3 of 3) 3 points
and ac = Semi-major axis of comets orbit. What is the maximum distance between the
 Answer, Key Homework 7 David McIntyre 45123 Mar 25, 2004 7

Halleys comet and the sun? A synchronous satellite, which always re-
Correct answer: 35.1884 AU. mains above the same point on a planets
Explanation: equator, is put in orbit about Jupiter to study
x = 2(17.8792 AU ) 0.57 AU = 35.1884 AU . the Great Red Spot. Jupiter rotates once
every 9.9 h, has a mass of 1.9 1027 kg
and a radius of 6.99 107 m. Given that
022 (part 1 of 2) 0 points
G = 6.67 1011 N m2 /kg2 , calculate how
Given: G = 6.672 1011 N m2 /kg2 .
far above Jupiters surface the satellite must
The planet Mars requires 2.4 years to orbit
be.
the sun, which has a mass of 2 1030 kg, in
Correct answer: 8.98589 107 m.
an almost circular trajectory.
Explanation:
Calculate the radius of the orbit of Mars as
Basic Concepts: Solution:
it circles the sun.
According to Keplers third law:
Correct answer: 2.68527 1011 m.
Explanation: 4 2 3
T2 = r
Mm GM
Fr = G = m ar = m 2 r ,
r2 where r is the radius of the satellites orbit.
and Thus, solving for r:
2 31
=
GM T2
T r=
2 4 2
=
(7.56864 107 s) 13
6.67 1011 N m2 /kg2 M (35640 s)2

= 8.3016 108 rad/s . =
4 (3.1415926536 )2
Thus, = 1.59759 108 m .

13 Now, the altitude h of the satellite (measured

GM from the surface of Jupiter) is
r=
2
31 h = r R = 8.98589 107 m
2 1030

kg
=
(8.3016 108 rad/s)2
1
(6.672 1011 N m2 /kg2 ) 3
= 2.68527 1011 m .

023 (part 2 of 2) 0 points

Calculate the orbital speed of Mars as it cir-
cles the sun.
Correct answer: 22292 m/s.
Explanation:

v = r
= (8.3016 108 rad/s) (2.68527 1011 m)
= 22292 m/s .

024 (part 1 of 1) 0 points