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[PAPERTITLE]
An analysis and lessons learned of the main transformer differential
[Overview]
In this paper, starting from the operation of the power grid equipment,In the process of 500kv transformer
no-load charge causes of larger excitation inrush current are analyzed in theory ,Reveals the main transformer
no-load charging why not avoid the impact of the excitation current and lead to the main transformer differential
protection action of the real reason,Through the relevant wave record, protection action report and combined
with actual elaborated the reasons and characteristics of excitation inrush current appears, it is concluded that
the action principle of main transformer differential protection and proposes some improvement and prevention
measures.
[Methods]
For transformers, analyzes its no-load closing excitation inrush mechanism, and analyze the variation law of
no-load transformer core flux. According to the conclusions that inrush current characteristics and identification
methods, and application in practice, analysis the main transformer no-load charging why failed to escape the
influence of magnetizing inrush current and lead to the real reason for the differential protection action of main
transformer.
[Results]
This paper analyzes the transformer no-load closing why failed to escape the influence of magnetizing inrush
current, the real reason for the differential protection action of main transformer is transformer DC resistance
measurement to magnetic lead to the variation of magnetizing inrush current, transformer differential protection
caused by action.
[Conclusions]
Transformer no-load closing failed to escape the magnetizing inrush current in transformer differential
protection action in this paper ,and this paper proposes some improvement and prevention measures.
[Key Word]
transformer,excitation inrush current,second harmonic,differential protection
In the formula: W: Number of turns of the charging side transformer, : Magnetic flux in the core,
U m :The size of the Power voltage, :Initial fault current angle, :Angular frequency , C :Integration
constant, Be determined by the initial conditions.
When t=0, to keep the closing moment flux conservation, is the core of the magnetic flux can't mutations.
So:
U
C m
cos S
W (3)
In the formula: is before closing the residual flux in the core.
So: U m c o s( t ) U m c o s (4)
S
W W
If considering the influence of loop resistance,the resistance of the transformer winding and transformer
winding leakage reactance impact the time constant. The flux is:
Um Um t
t
(5)
co s( t ) co s e T S m co s( t ) m co s e T S
W W
U
m m
In the formula: W , T is Time constant, related to the influence of loop resistance,the resistance
of the transformer winding and transformer winding leakage reactance.
By the formula (5) to be seen, the first one is the forced component of the magnetic flux, and the second
one is the free component of magnetic flux. At the instant of the transformer no-load charging, magnetic flux in
core consists of three parts: m c o s ( t ) , m c o s and the residual flux S . If the voltage
instantaneous value is zero for transformer no-load charging, the initial fault current angle 0 . If you
ignore the influence of loop resistance,the resistance of the transformer winding, the time constant T of the
formula (5) for infinity, free component of flux does not decay. If the direction of remanence m and
m cos m after closing the same direction, the maximum magnetic flux in the core can achieve is
2 m S
. If the remanence S 0 .9 m
, the maximum magnetic flux in the iron core can be close to
three times of the steady-state flux amplitude in normal operation, which makes the transformer core saturation,
and the exciting current surge, resulting in inrush current.
1.2 Factors that affect the magnitude of excitation inrush current
By the formula (5) to be seen, are the major factors affect the magnitude of the excitation inrush current:
(1)Power voltage. U m , Before charging power supply voltage, the greater the , the greater
m m
W
When the discontinuous angle of i , i B , The judgment of excitation inrush current differential
S t I d 0 .1 I e
7
In the formula: Id is the week integral value of the differential current, is A constant proportion.
When it is excitation inrush current, the above waveform discriminant relation must not established, ratio
differential protection element is not misoperation.
3.Analysis of 500kV main transformer differential protection misoperation in a power plant.
April 8, 2015, after one power plant # 6 main transformer maintenance light charging process, when
closing the 5051 circuit breaker, the monitoring system reported the following signal: A and B sets of main
transformer differential protection action. High voltage cable first, two sets of RCS931LM remote trip 1 action.
High voltage cable first, two sets of RCS931LM protection tripping action. 5051 circuit breaker accident total
exit action. And so on a series of signals. 5051 circuit breaker has brake, 6 # main transformer wiring diagram as
shown in the figure below.
(1) 6B main wiring diagram
The differential protection system setting value list as follows:
Main transformer capacity: 890.00 MVA. Rated voltage of high voltage side:550.00 KV. High side TA
ratio:4000:1. Differential protection Starting set value:0.30Ie. Differential protection Quick break value:5.00Ie.
Differential current Alarm set value:0.15Ie. Ratio braking initial slope:0.10. Ratio brake maximum slope:0.70.
Harmonic braking coefficient:0.15.
By the transformer fixed value data, can be the Main transformer high voltage side of the second value of
the rated current.
S 890 MVA (8)
I e N
/ k b / 4000 0 . 234 A
3U N
1 . 732 550 k V
Taking Q protective device as an example, according to the protection device to record the waveform, the
main transformer high voltage side of the three-phase current waveform as shown in Figure 2. The maximum
peak value of A, B, C three-phase current are respectively 0.71A, 0.88A and 1.24A, The maximum current
effective value of the C phase is about 3.75 times the rated current. A and B phase bias is half wave side
completely, Have certain discontinuous Angle, C phase towards the negative half wave side completely,
discontinuous Angle is not obvious. From the point of the current waveform, there are some characteristics of
excitation inrush current, but compared with the previous light charging waveform, characteristics of excitation
inrush current is not significant, can't rule out the possibility of transformer internal fault.
(7)Main transformer high voltage side of the neutral point of zero sequence current waveform
4.Conclusion and measures
Above all, 6FB electrical primary and secondary equipment have no obvious faults and anomalies, the
insulating value measured normal, and on April 5, 6FB after dc resistance test result in main transformer is
larger residual magnetism. Therefore concluded that the event is, main transformer no-load charging, flux
produced by the main transformer high voltage side and superposition of remanent magnetization direction,
leading to excitation inrush current is too large, and the transformer protection sampling of differential current
value is greater than the set values for the differential protection, and the second harmonic suppression ratio less
than 15% of setting value, the final ratio brake differential and power frequency variation differential protection
action.
To this end, in order to ensure that there is no longer a transformer differential protection malfunction, it is
recommended to take the following measures: (1)Transformer after repair, requiring from zero step-up test
investigation to ensure safety of main transformer, and through the voltage from zero to the main transformer
degaussing. (2)The main transformer up from zero after the normal operation, to maintain sufficient
demagnetization by main transformer no-load running for half an hour.
Reference
1.Liu run; Research of the transformer differential protection principle and mechanism; Huazhong
University of Science and Technology; 2004
2.Li fengrong; Transformer longitudinal differential protection and excitation inrush current identification
technology research; North China electric power university;2006
3.He jiali; The principle of power system relay protection; China electric power press2010
4.Li yanyan; Transformer differential protection criterion of excitation inrush current research and
improvement; North China electric power university;2008