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Troubleshooting Philosophy
There are many different ways Make accurate measurements. Current clamps that put out
to go about troubleshooting an Of course nobody makes inaccu- 10 mV/amp or 100 mV/amp will
electrical circuit, and a good rate measurements on purpose, have better signal to noise ratio
troubleshooter will always find but this is easier to do than you than 1 mV/amp clamps when
the problem - eventually. The think when working in a high making current measurements
procedure set forth in this energy, noisy environment like less than 20 amps.
application note will begin ASDs. Dont use grounded test Finally, document electrical
looking at the motor and work instruments if it can be avoided. measurements at key test points
back towards the electrical They can introduce noise into in the circuit when the system
source. Additionally, it will a measurement where none is functioning properly. If a good
emphasize checking the simple existed before. Avoid touching drawing doesnt exist - make
and easy things first. A lot of instruments and probes if one. A simple one-line, or even
time and money can be wasted possible while taking the block diagram will do. Write
replacing perfectly good parts reading, as electrical noise down voltage and temperature
when the only thing wrong is can get coupled through your measurements at key test
a loose connection. hands which may also affect points. This will save lots of
the reading. Use current clamps time and head-scratching later.
which are well shielded and
terminated with BNC connectors.
Before any electrical measure- voltage displayed above the as the transient voltage gets
ments are made, be sure you rating, or see the overload (OL) dampened considerably as it
understand completely how being displayed, disconnect makes its way into the building,
to make them safely. No test the measurement device and through the internal
instrument is completely safe immediately. distribution system.
if used improperly, but you Probably the most confusing The measurement environment
should also be aware that many issue is when the voltage rating for an adjustable speed drive
test instruments on the market is coupled with a category is not always straight-forward
are not appropriate for testing rating. The category ratings and may vary from installation
adjustable speed drives. The below in Figure 1 show the to installation. For example, a
following information is measurement environment 100 HP drive instal-led 25 feet
explained in more detail in the expected for a given category. from the switchgear would be
Fluke application note, ABCs of The main criteria for the considered a CAT III measurement
Multimeter Safety and the video different categories is the environment, but if that same drive
with the same name.1 The main transient voltage that the test was installed 70 feet from the
points are summarized below. instrument can withstand, and switchgear and had an isolation
If you install or maintain maybe even more importantly, transformer or line reactors
modern adjustable speed drives how much energy (volt/amps) preceding it, it could be argued
(ASDs), then please dont skip is available to feed any short that it is more like a CAT II
this section as there could be circuit that may occur as environment. If you are working
hazardous voltages that exist in a result of the transient. in both environments, be safe
your measurement application Transients may originate from and use only CAT III rated test
that you are not aware of. sources outside the building, instruments.
i.e., lighting strikes, utility What may not be readily
Safety ratings for electrical switching and power line fault obvious from the looking at Table
test equipment clearing activity, or they may 2 is the difference between a
The International Electro- originate from inside the build- 1000V CAT II rated meter and a
technical Commission (IEC) ing for example, as a result of 600V CAT III rated meter. At first
is the primary independent load switching. The measure- glance, you might think the 1000V
organization that defines safety ment is considered to be safer CAT II meter is the better choice
standards for test equipment the further the test instrument is because it has a higher working
manufacturers. There is much away from the transient source, voltage than the 600V CAT III
confusion about what these
standards mean and how they
should be used to determine
the right instrument for the
right application. The following
section will help clarify this
selection process.
The IEC 1010 standard for
test equipment safety states two
basic parameters; a voltage rat-
ing and an overvoltage category
rating. The voltage rating is the
maximum continuous working
voltage that can be measured.
This is fairly straightforward
and simple, although Im sure
many of you have noticed that
your DMM or scope will often
give a reading higher than its
maximum voltage rating. Your
test instrument should never
be operated above its voltage
rating. Most test instruments
are designed to have a 10%
overvoltage safety margin, but
if for some reason you see a
1
ABCs of Multimeter Safety Application Note,
Literature code BO317UEN Rev. A. The ABCs of
Figure 1. IEC-1010 category ratings diagram for various measurement locations
Digital Multimeter Safety Video, P/N 609104.
The term adjustable speed of these sections has a job to The control circuitry
drive (ASD) includes a wide perform, and for most ASDs the of the ASD performs a variety
variety of mechanical, task is the same: of tasks. It times the switching
pneumatic and electronically The input converter of the input and output
controlled motors whose speed transforms ac sinusoidal devices. It carries out
is adjustable. Another term, current to dc, as dc is commands from the operator
variable frequency drive (VFD) what is required for the control panel. It also monitors
is used for electronically electronically controlled for and reports malfunctions
controlled ac induction motors power transistors in the and improper operating
as they vary the frequency output inverter. conditions to the operator
of the voltage to the motor to or troubleshooter. Control
change its speed. The term ASD The dc link is the source of circuits shut down the ASD,
power for the output inverter. if necessary, to protect the
will be used from here on out The larger horsepower drives
as this is the conventional term motor or output inverter
as used in the IEEE standards. will have a large bank of and prevent unsafe operating
capacitors to store voltage conditions.
DC motors and other methods from the sine wave input.
of adjusting motor speed and
torque will not be discussed This section may also (V x I x Eff)
x 5250
contain a series inductor Horsepower 746
in this application note. to help regulate the voltage Torque = =
Figure 2 shows a simplified Speed 120 x Hz
block diagram of a typical ASD. and current. no. of poles
There are four main sections. The output inverter
The three sections that are provides a variable ac You can see from the formula
in-line between the ac line voltage and frequency. above that varying the ratio of
inputs and the motor are the Voltage and frequency (V/Hz) horsepower to speed will alter
Input Converter, dc Link and are either varied together to the torque. Therefore, changing
the Output Inverter. The fourth provide a constant torque the volts/hertz (V/Hz) ratio will
section, the Control Circuitry, with varying speed, or the change the motor torque. For
is the brains of the drive. Each V/Hz is varied at different constant torque applications,
rates to provide variable the V/Hz ratio is held constant
torque at different speeds. by varying the voltage and
frequency together; or for
variable torque applications,
DC Link
the voltage and frequency are
varied at different rates to
DC Voltage accomplish variable torque.
Input Converter Output Inverter
The speed and torque of the
motor are usually controlled by
Line Voltage
To Motor 0-5 Vdc, 0-10 Vdc, 0-20 mA,
Current or 4-20 mA control signals
applied to the control input
block of the ASD. These control
signals may come from feed-
back sensors and encoders or
Process from a control panel.
Control Circuits Feedback/
Control Signal
The following paragraphs
describe in more detail the two
most common variations of
ASDs, the voltage source
Display
Operator inverter, and the pulse width
Controls
modulated (PWM) inverter.
Figure 2. Block diagram of a typical ASD
Figure 3. Simplified diagram of a voltage source inverter with output current and voltage waveforms
indicates VRMS
Figure 4. Simplified diagram of a pulse width modulated inverter with current and voltage waveforms taken at the motor terminals
Be sure all connections are good. to maintain a low resistance Resistance measurements
Seems obvious doesnt it? connection between conductors.
However, honest troubleshooters Visually inspect all connection This is probably the least
will admit to having overlooked points for looseness, corrosion, preferred of the three methods,
this condition at least once in or conductive paths to ground. but will still detect completely
their career right?! This Even if the visual inspection open circuits or leakage paths
troubleshooting step should looks okay, you should use at to ground that are resistive.
always be done before anything least one, or some combination Keep in mind however, that
else. Periodic tightening of of the following three methods most ohmmeters use small
connections is often required for checking the connections. amounts of current in their
measurements and may read
a good connection, when in
fact the connection may open
circuit when a large amount
of current attempts to conduct
through it. This is also known
as contact resistance.
Voltage drops
Check for voltage drops
across the various connections.
Compare with the other two
phases. Any significant variation
between phases, or more than
2-3% (depending on motor
current and supply voltage)
at each connection, should
be suspect.
Temperature
measurements
An inexpensive infrared
temperature probe used
with a handheld DMM is a
fast and easy way to check
for bad connections. Any
significant increase in
temperature at the connection
terminal will indicate a bad
connection or contact resistance
due to I2R heat loss. If the
temperature of the terminal
was not previously recorded
onto your system diagram,
compare with the other two
phases. More on how to use
temperature measurements
to diagnose motor and drive
problems is discussed in the
Figure 5. The 1 mV/degree output of the Fluke 80T-IR can be used with any DMM following sections.
capable of reading millivolts. The Fluke ScopeMeter instruments can read out
directly in Fahrenheit or Celsius.
Temperature
measurements What next?
Temperature is a key indicator
of a failing, or overloaded motor. If mechanical load requirements and behavior seem normal, then its
Use an infrared temperature possible some of the motor windings have become shorted and are the
probe such as the 80T-IR from source for increased current, heat and loss of torque. Things to check
Fluke to measure motor tem- for now are current imbalance, single phasing, voltage imbalance and
peratures at key points includ- something unique to PWM drives, overvoltages caused by reflected
ing; bearing locations and motor voltage waves. High motor shaft voltages, a problem also associated
terminal block connections (if with PWM drives, could explain excessive bearing temperatures and
one exists), as well as the motor premature bearing failure. How to test for these conditions is described
housing itself. Are the readings in the following paragraphs.
close to what was measured
when the motor was operating
normally? If these readings
werent taken before, is the
motor operating temperature Voltage measurements However, it should be noted that
within the NEMA classification even though the motor
for that motor? If the answers As the voltage applied to the is not responding to the higher
to these questions are yes, motor terminals by the ASD is frequencies in terms of torque
then you may want to move to non-sinusoidal, the voltage or work being done, high
the ASD controller for the next readings given by an analog frequency currents may be
measurements, or you can go meter, an average responding flowing outside of the windings
ahead and make the following digital multimeter (DMM) and a due to various capacitances
measurements just to be sure. true RMS DMM will all be in other parts of the motor. This
different. Many troubleshooters will be discussed in more detail
Overloading prefer using an analog meter later on.
because the coil in the meter The reason for making voltage
If the motor is trying to deliver movement responds in the same measurements at the motor
more torque/power to the way as the motor, i.e., to terminals is to verify that the
mechanical load than for which the low frequency component voltage is not too high, too low,
it is rated, an overload condition of the waveform, not the high or is unbalanced. A DMM/Scope
will exist, i.e., the motor draws frequency switching component. with a low pass filter probe or
current above its nameplate The analog meter will also Fluke 41B, can be used to verify
rating. Measure the motor correspond to the ASDs that the voltage at the motor
current and check it against programmed V/Hz ratio and terminals corresponds with the
the nameplate rating. Be sure to the voltage displayed on the calculated voltage readout at the
multiply the service factor (SF), ASD housing if one exists. ASDs display. Using a scope
if one is shown on the name- Most digital multimeters or 41B has the advantage in
plate, times the rated current. (DMMs) will respond to the that a simultaneous frequency
If the motor is at or above its high frequency component measurement can be made which
rated capacity and the overload of the motor drive waveform is much more meaningful. This is
is intermittently tripping the and will therefore give a discussed further in the Volts/Hz
drive, the solution is not to higher reading. Even though ratio section. If the voltage at
adjust the overload on the drive a true-RMS DMM will give an the motor is too low, then bad
higher to prevent the tripping! accurate reading of the heating connections are a likely cause,
Find out if the motor is rated effect of the non-sinusoidal or the dc bus voltage at the ASD
properly for the application. voltage applied to the motor, is too low. If the motor terminal
Sometimes a cheaper, lower quite often the analog meter voltages are too high, then the
rated motor is substituted; or reading is preferred since dc bus voltage may be too high,
perhaps a miscalculation of the it gives a (lower) voltage which in turn could be due to the
load requirement accounts for reading similar to the motors ASD input voltage being too high.
the mismatch. Its also possible response to the voltage applied.
that the mechanical load being
driven by the motor has been
increased by an operator
or process supervisor who
doesnt understand that doing
so will put the motor into an
overload condition.
Figure 9. Impact of rise time and cable length on magnitude of reflected voltages
Figure 14
If the cabling in your PWM 3. In some applications, such All the solutions suggested
application cannot be shortened as submersible pumps or above should be designed for
then use one of the three ways drilling machines, it is not your specific application by a
to fix the problem as shown possible to access the motor qualified engineer.
in Figure 14: terminals and other methods
of minimizing overvoltages Safety Note: Reflective voltage
1. An external add-on low phenomenon can mean peak
pass filter can be installed are required. One way is
to apply series reactors voltages 2-3 times the DC bus
between the PWM output voltage. For 480V line voltage
terminals and the cable to between the PWM output
terminals and the cable to this means a DC bus voltage
the motor, as one way to of 648V and possible peak
slow the rise time. the motor. While this is a
fairly simple solution, the overvoltages of 1300V-2000V
2. Another approach is to install and possibly higher given
an R-C impedance matching reactors may be fairly large,
bulky and expensive for large +10% line voltage variance.
filter at the motor terminals Therefore it is recommended
to minimize the overvoltages, horsepower applications.
that the measurement at the
or ringing effect. The trade-offs between motor terminals be made
these three alternatives for with the highest rated probe
minimizing overvoltages can available and for the shortest
be summarized in Table 4. time possible where reflected
voltages are likely to be present.
Control circuit noise Noise on the line inputs filter such as the PM 8918/301
caused by SCR controlled dc low pass filter probe from Fluke,
Induced electrical noise can drives, current source inverters, can give similar results.
significantly affect sensitive six-step drives, and other noisy If the frequency of the reading
control circuits such as speed, loads in the building can also is stable, but the voltage is low,
torque and control logic, induce unwanted noise in high or unstable, it could indicate
position feedback sensors, adjacent control wiring. The a problem with the dc bus circuit.
as well as outputs to display high energy, fast switching If the frequency is unstable,
indicators and system control PWM signals on the motor but the voltage is okay, then
computers. As many of the cabling will also contribute to something might be wrong with
control inputs are scaled 0 to this problem if it is unshielded the IGBT control circuit. If the
5 or 10 Vdc maximum, with and within close proximity of V/Hz are fluctuating together,
typical resolutions of one part control wiring. The best way or the speed of the motor is off,
in 1,000, only a few millivolts to minimize this problem is but the V/Hz ratio is correct,
can cause improper operation. to be sure line input wires and then one of the speed inputs to
Significant amounts of noise motor cabling are contained the control board may be bad.
can actually damage the drive in separate grounded, rigid Vector drives that employ torque
and/or motor. metal conduit. control by regulating current
A common source of Verifying whether noise in a nonlinear fashion over
electrical noise is from the problems exist in control circuit the entire speed range are an
coils of relay and contactor wiring will require the use of a exception to this however,
coils. Transients caused by scope. Special care should be as the V/Hz ratio will vary
the opening of the coil circuits taken when using a scope to considerably, be hard to predict,
can generate spikes of several make low voltage measurements and should therefore not be
hundred volts which in turn so that noise is not coupled into used for diagnostic purposes.
can induce several volts of noise the scope and is then mistaken
in adjacent wiring. Follow good as noise on the control signal Inverter drive circuits
installation practices by using wiring. Using 10x probes with
twisted pair, shielded wiring short ground leads will minimize Voltage source inverters
for sensitive control circuits noise introduced by the scope While PWM drives are becoming
and separate them from relay probes into the measurement. more and more popular, and are
and contactor coil circuit wiring. commonly being used to replace
Additionally, adding Volts/hertz ratio the voltage source inverters
snubber circuits to the relay (more commonly called the
and con-tactor coils will As discussed earlier, the six-step drive because of the
eliminate arcing and reduce ratio of voltage to frequency stepped shape of its output)
noise induced in adjacent determines the amount of motor there are still many of these
wiring. For most ac coils, a torque produced by a given six-step drives in operation that
33 k resistor connected in ac induction motor. If the motor require maintenance. While all
series with .047 F capacitor experiences a loss in torque, the other checks outlined in this
can be connected across each then this measurement may sectionvoltage and current
ac relay and contactor coil. give some clues as to what imbalance, single phasing
For dc coils, use a reverse is happening. and overheatingcertainly apply
biased diode across the coil to While the V/Hz ratio is not to six-step drives, there are
achieve similar results as the something that normally needs problems unique to this kind
RC snubber for ac coils. to be adjusted after installation, of drive as well.
this measurement can be quite A shorted transistor on
useful for diagnostic purposes. some six-step drives can be
The Fluke 39 or 41B power detected by measuring across
meters work well for this the transistor with a scope.
RC snubber + measurement as they have a A good transistor will have
built-in low frequency response a nicely formed square wave
which gives a voltage reading with sharp edges, while a bad
0.47 F
AC Coil DC Coil Diode comparable to what the motor transistor will be rounded at
33 K responds to. Additionally, the the peak of the leading edge.
frequency can be viewed on
_
the same screen as the voltage.
Using an oscilloscope with a
built-in, or an external low pass
Figure 16.ACand DC coil noise suppression
SCR
the 10 volts or so of leakage P Gate V
mV
mA
A
!
1000V MAX
detected.
Likewise, the inverter section
can be disabled while trouble-
shooting the ac to dc converter
circuit. The speed control can Figure 17. Setup for testing SCRs
be varied while monitoring the
dc bus voltage to see if it varies
with the speed control. 4. This should turn on the SCR 1. To check the positive
Important note: The voltage and a voltage drop of about conducting IGBTs, connect
feedback resistors must remain 1.0 volt should be measured the scope common lead to
connected to the dc bus to across it. If the SCR is not the DC+ bus and measure
insure the converter section conducting, you will continue each of the three phases at
is still controlled with the speed to see OL on the DMMs the inverters motor output
potentiometer. Be sure to display. Note: some SCRs may terminals. Check for nice,
disconnect the ac inverter section require a higher voltage to clean-edged square waves
after the voltage feedback turn on. If this is the case, without any visible noise
resistors. If this procedure is then connect a test lamp in inside the pulses, and that
not followed, the dc converter series with the SCR and all three phases have the
will turn full on immediately connect a 9 or 12 Vdc battery same appearance.
upon starting the drive. across the test lamp and SCR.
If the converter section is not 2. To check the negative
Connect the resistor between conducting IGBTs, connect
functioning properly SCRs can the gate and the anode of the
be checked individually, out of the common lead to the
SCR. The SCR is conducting if DC- bus and perform
circuit, using the following the lamp turns on.
procedure (Figure 17). the same measurements
as in step one above, on
1. Put the DMM or ScopeMeter PWM inverters each of the three phases
in Diode Test. Many of the newer fractional at the inverters motor
2. Place the red lead on the horsepower PWM drives are output terminals.
Anode and the black lead on integrated to the point where 3. Check for leaky IGBTs by
the Cathode. This puts about the input diode block and IGBTs measuring the voltage from
3.5 Vdc across the device. are potted into a single throw- earth ground to the inverters
3. Solder some alligator leads to away module that is bolted to motor output terminals with
a 1 K resister and connect the heat sink. The cost of these the drive powered on, but
one end to the anode and the units rarely justify the time to the speed set to zero (motor
other to the gate. repair, if replacement parts stopped). Some drives may
are even available. However, have a normal earth ground
the larger horsepower drives to motor terminal voltage
starting in the 5-25 horsepower of about 60 volts, with a
range, have components that reading of over 200 volts
are accessible and become indicating a leaky IGBT.
economically feasible to repair. Perform this measurement
If it has been determined that on a known good drive to
the drive inverter is the source determine what is normal
of an improper voltage being for that drive.
applied to the motor, then use
the following procedure to
isolate which IGBT(s) is failing
in the output section.
150
100
50
capture, time-stamp and reset
single shot measurements.2
0 It is especially well suited for
2/26/97 13:45:08 logging and time-stamping
Volts
-50
elusive transient events. See
-100
Figure 18.
-150 The ScopeMeter 123 can
-200
also time stamp a single shot
event which can later be
-250 retrieved using FlukeView for
-0.04
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
ScopeMeter software version
Time
2.0 (this feature only available
with ScopeMeter 123). This
Figure 18. Single shot transient time stamped with ScopeMeter freeware eliminates the need to have a
PC connected to ScopeMeter
properly. Additionally, the 123 while its waiting to trigger
The dc bus on the transient (Figure 19).
buildings grounding system
DC voltage too high must be properly installed If the tripping is caused by
Transients (less than .5 cycle) and functioning to help dissipate a transient, then an isolation
and swells (.5-180 cycles) on lightning strikes safely to earth, transformer or series line reactors
the AC line inputs and motor rather than through some can be placed in series with
regeneration are the two most path in the buildings power the front end of the ASD. An
common causes of nuisance distribution system. Steps can alternate solution would be to
tripping of the overvoltage and should be taken to minimize place a surge protection device
fault circuit on ASD inverters. their effects on your electrical (SPD) at the motor control
Transients and swells can be and electronic equipment, since center, or the primary side
caused by events happening a building that is susceptible of the distribution transformer
outside the building like to transients, sags and swells, feeding the ASD. However, if
lightning or utilities switching is usually a building that is the source of the transient is
KVAR capacitors or transformer deficient in proper wiring coming from another load on
taps, as well as other loads and grounding. the same secondary feed as the
inside the building being If a transient voltage is ASD, then a separate isolation
switched on (capacitive) or off expected, then an oscilloscope transformer or series line reactor
(inductive). To test for this, use like the Fluke ScopeMeter may need to be used directly in
an oscilloscope or power line can be used to measure, and front of the ASD, or better yet,
monitor with at least 10 sec/ more importantly, time stamp put the ASD on its own feed.
div. resolution, and capable of the transient so it can time Voltage swells >30 cycles
time-stamping the event. correlated to whatever event can be monitored using the
The Fluke ScopeMeter 123 caused the ASD fault. A freeware ScopeMeter TrendPlot mode
Test Tool is a good choice for software package is available (see Figure 20) or using some
this measurement as it has which was especially designed other type of line monitor. One
plenty of single shot resolution, for the ScopeMeter B series to way to mitigate the swell is to
and most importantly can time- 2
ScopeMeter freeware available at:
stamp the event so it can be www.fluke.com/scopemeter/
time correlated to whatever
sourcelightning, utility or
electrical equipmentis causing
the problem. Additionally, it has
the IEC 1010-1 600V CAT III
safety rating which should be
an important consideration
when purposely measuring high
magnitude impulses in a high
energy environment.
If the drive is installed in a
part of the country that is prone
to lightning activity, be sure
the building has proper surge
protection that is functioning
Figure 19. Transient time and date stamp retrieved using FlukeView software
+DC
87 TRUE RMS MULTIMETER
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
40
REL Hz
AC Input mV
mA
V A
V A
OFF
A mA A COM V
400mA MAX
DC
FUSED
10A MAX 1000V MAX
FUSED !
Figure 26. Voltage waveform, harmonics graph and text data from the Fluke 41B Power Harmonics Analyzer
Fluke 39/41B
Measurement Fluke 87 867 B GMM ScopeMeter B Series ScopeMeter 123 Power Analyzer
Type CAT III 1000V CAT III 1000V CAT III 600V CAT III 600V CAT III 600V
Resistance X X X X
Low Voltage X X X X
Temperature w/accessory w/accessory w/accessory w/accessory
Motor Voltage Use only for X Use PM 8918/301 low pass Use PM 8918/301 low pass X
without voltage filter probe for motor eqv. filter probe for motor eqv.
overvoltages imbalance rms voltage. Use standard rms voltage. Use standard
present probe for waveform detail. probe for waveform detail.
Motor Voltage Use only for X DP120 CAT III 600V/CAT II DP120 CAT III 600V/CAT II X
overvoltages voltage 1000V probe recommended 1000V probe recommended
present imbalance
Motor Current clamps with clamps with 80i-1000s, 80i-500s, or 80i-1000s, 80i-500s, or X
current output current output 80i-110s current probes 80i-110s current probes
only only recommended recommended
Volts/Hz Use PM 8918/301 low pass Use PM 8918/301 low pass X
filter probe for motor rms filter probe for motor rms
voltage. voltage.
DC Bus X X For DC volts > 600 use For DC volts > 600 use
DP120 differential probe - DP120 differential probe -
CAT II measurements only CAT II measurements only
Voltage Limited X X < 2 kHz only
Distortion
Harmonics With FlukeView software With FlukeView software X
Component X X X X
tests
Transients > 1 msec > 1 sec > 40 ns > 40 ns
and Surges
Table 7. Instrument recommendations for various ASD measurements
A COM B
1 2
100ms AVG H
AutoHOLD FAST MN MX LOGGING YES
SETUP
nS MIN MAX RANGE HOLD H
F REL Hz
A
ac+dc V mA mV
mA
dB mV A V A F1 F2 F3 F4
F1 F2 F3 ENTER
V A V A A B
dB
mA V Hz A
ac+dc V Hz A
OFF A OFF
ac+dc
VIEW MEM mV mV
CLEAR MEM
1000 measurements Min/Max/Avg recording Frequency, duty cycle, Combines the most useful
Frequency, duty cycle, Advanced trigger modes pulse width capabilities of a power
Time-stamped MIN/MAX/ capacitance Up to 1000V isolated Direct readout in amps quality analyzer,
AVG inputs multimeter and scope
Input Alert TM and C/F
Real-time clock 4 hour battery life True-rms, backlit display, Measure power, harmonics,
Temerature readings in True-rms, backlit display, Built-in meter and 40 nS glitch capture and catch intermittents
1 ms peak hold, 41/2 digit
C or F
mode recorder Touch Hold and Relative Monitoring functions help
Lifetime warranty modes track intermittent problems
Touch Hold and and power system
CAT III 1000V safety Relative modes Print Screen capability performance
Optional FlukeView Lifetime warranty Three-year warranty Menus use familiar
software electrical terminology
Complete package with
voltage and current probes,
PC software and cables
Applications manual, power
MAX pk
100A T
INPU
OFF V/A
OL
10m V/A
100m PUT
OUT
ON
quality troubleshooting
RO
ZE
-
+
explain measurements
ON
OF
F
step-by-step
80i-110s
Optional accessory.
80i-1000s 80i-500s AC Measures ac and dc
current in two ranges
Optional accessory. AC Included with both the from 50 mA to 100A.
current 100 mA to Fluke 39 and 41B. AC Best accuracy is 3% and
1000A rms continuous, current up to 500A rms, frequency response is
1400A rms peak. BNC 700A rms peak, with dc to 100 kHz. BNC
connection. best accuracy of 2% of connection.
Use with 39/41B or reading from 45 Hz to
ScopeMeter 65 Hz. BNC connection.
80T-IR
For fast non-contact FlukeView Software
temperature measurements. Capture screen images or waveforms to
Range: -18C to 260C (0F to 80i-400 document and archive measurements
500F). Accuracy: 3% of Use data in spreadsheet programs for
reading or 3C (5F) which-
1-400A
detailed analysis
ever is greater. Internal switch 3% of Rdg
selection for C or F. For use 30 mm (1.18 in) Save and retrieve setups for fast
preparation of measurement routines
with DMMs or ScopeMeter. 1 mA/Amp
Supports popular PC file formats (BMP
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Educational Videos
ABCs of Digital Multimeter Safety
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Understanding and Managing
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Acknowledgments
[1] A. von Jouanne, P. Enjeti, V. Stefanovic,
Adjustable Speed AC Motor Drives: Applica-
tion Problems and Solutions, Seminar notes,
pp. 3.1-6.20, PowerSystems World Conf. 1996
[2] IEEE Recommended Practices and Require-
ments for Harmonic Control in Electrical
Power Systems - Std 519, New York, NY: IEEE
Inc., 1992
[3] EC&M, Practical Guide to Motors and Motor
Controllers, pp. 9-16, Intertec Electrical
Group, 1991
Special thanks to Dr. Annette von Jouanne for Fluke. Keeping your world
her assistance preparing this application note up and running.
and to Oregon State University for the use of
their Motor Systems Resource Facility.
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