2015/16

CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN OF SLAB AND STAIRCASE
3.0 General
Slab is flat useful surface in building. Reinforced concrete slab may be supported by reinforced
concrete beams (and is usually poured monolithically with such beams), by masonry or
reinforced concrete walls, by structural steel members, directly by columns or continuously by
the ground.

3.1 Types of Slab

Solid slab:-slab which is supported by beams and transfer slab loads to beam
Flat slab: the slab without beam and transfer slab load directly supporting the column
Ribbed slab:-with beam but made reinforced hollow block concrete.
On the other hand solid slab can be divided into two. One-way and Two-way

3.1 types of slab

Solid slab:-slab which is supported by beams and transfer slab loads to beam
Flat slab: the slab without beam and transfer slab load directly to the supporting column
Ribbed slab:-with beam but made reinforced hollow block concrete.
On the other hand solid slab can be divided into two. One-way and Two-way

One-way slab (slab supported on two opposite edges only) has only one plane of bending, and the
load is transferred to those two supports. But if a slab is supported on all the four edges, the load
is transferred on the four supports and bending takes place along both spans. Also, the bending
moments and deflection are considerably reduced as compared to one-way slab. Thus, a thinner
slab can carry the same load when supported on all the four edges than one-way slab. When two-
way slab is loaded, the corners get lifted-up. If the corners are held down (which is the usual case)
by fixity at the wall support, bending moment and deflection are further reduced; but special
torsion reinforcement at the
Corners has to be provided to check the cracking of corners of slab. In two-way square slab, the
wo-way action is equal in each direction. In long narrow slabs, where the ratio of long to short
span is greater than two, the two-way action effectively reduced to one-way action in the direction
of short span although the end beams do carry some load.

Design of reinforced concrete structure lecture note 1

Dilla university,College of Engineering and Technology, Civil Engineering Department 2015/16

The exact analysis of stresses in two-way slab is quite complex and is based on elastic theory; and
it requires solution of higher order differential equation. It is usual to neglect poisons ratio in such
calculations. For analysis of homogeneous isotropic plate the basic differential equation used to
determine internal forces is given as,

Where , M X & M Y are bending moment developed in slab in x- and y-direction

M xy is twisting moment developed in slab and

q Intensity of applied load on the plate

Design of reinforced concrete structure lecture note by Sultan M. 2