Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bony Anatomy of
Meatus: tubelike passageway Trochanter: large projection of
Processes that form joints bone found only on the femur
Tubercle: small rounded process
the Skull Condyle: large rounded
prominence Tuberosity: large, rounded, usually
roughened process
Facet: smooth flat surface
Head: rounded articular
projection
1 2
Skull
Cranium: Consists of 8 bones
(1) Frontal Bone
Gross Anatomy (2) Temporal Bones
(2) Parietal Bones
(1) Occipital Bone
(1) Sphenoid Bone
(1) Ethmoid Bone
1
14-07-2017
Frontal Bone
5 6
The large bone that makes up the forehead and supplies the upper
edge and roof of the orbit (eye socket).
The frontal bone articulates (comes together) with a number of
other bones including the parietal, nasal, ethmoid, maxillary, and
zygomatic bones.
Landmarks:
Squama: flat portion that forms the forehead
Supraorbital margin: ridge under the eyebrow, forming the
upper part of the orbit (eye socket)
Supraorbital foramen: small hole within supraorbital margin
for blood vessels and nerves
Frontal sinuses: hollow spaces behind the squama, act as
sound chambers to give the voice resonance.
7 8
2
14-07-2017
9 10
3
14-07-2017
13 14
Occiput Occiput
From the Latin, meaning the part of the head opposite the front.
The bone that forms the rear and the rear bottom of the skull.
The occipital bone articulates (joins) with the parietal and
temporal bones of the skull, the sphenoid bone in front of it, and
the first cervical vertebra (the atlas) beneath it
Landmarks:
Foramen magnum: large hole, allowing passage of the
spinal cord
External occipital protuberance (EOP): prominent
projection on back of occiput
Nuchal lines: a superior and inferior line running laterally
from the midline, serve as a point of muscle attachment
15 16
4
14-07-2017
Occipital Bone (Posterior View) (Orange Colored Bone) Occipital Bone (Lateral View) (Orange Bone)
17 18
5
14-07-2017
Sphenoid Bone (Lateral View) (Green Colored Bone) Sphenoid Bone (Floor of Cranium) (Green Colored Bone)
21 22
Ethmoid Bone
An irregularly shaped, spongy bone that provides the floor of the front part of the
skull and the roof of the nasal cavity.
The ethmoid consists of two masses of thin plates enclosing air cells and looks
like a sieve.
Landmarks:
Lateral masses: form most of the wall between the nasal cavity and the
orbits
Perpendicular plate: forms the superior portion of the nasal septum
Cribiform plate: forms the roof of the nasal cavity
Olfactory foramina: small holes within the cribiform plate for passage of the
first cranial nerve (for smell)
Crista galli: upward extension of bone above the cribiform plate, acts as an
anchoring point for one of the coverings of the brain.
Nasal concha (turbinates): two scroll-shaped projections with a mucus
membrane on either side of the nasal septum. Function to cause air
turbulence and trap inhaled particles.
23 24
6
14-07-2017
Maxilla
25 26
27 28
7
14-07-2017
Lacrimal Bones (Anterior View) (Blue Colored Bones below frontal bone)
Lacrimal Bones
31 32
8
14-07-2017
33 34
Nasal Bones (Anterior View) (Bridge of the nose, below frontal bone)
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Extends horizontally
along the lateral wall
of the nasal cavity
and consists of a
lamina of spongy
bone, curled upon
itself like a scroll.
35
Inferior Nasal Conchae 36
9
14-07-2017
Inferior Nasal Conchae (Anterior View) (Inside nasal cavity on lateral walls)
Vomer
One of the unpaired
facial bones of the
skull.
Located in
the midsagittal line,
and touches the
sphenoid, the
ethmoid, the left and
right palatine bones,
and the left and right
maxillary bones.
37 38
10
14-07-2017
43 44
11
14-07-2017
Frontal bone: Supine; palpate the region of the forehead from the eyebrows up toward the
coronal sutures
Mandible: Supine: place your fingers inferior to the bottom teeth and palpate the body of
the mandible. Move inferiorly and palpate the base of the mandible from the chin to
the angle of the mandible. Then curl your fingertips underneath the edge to palpate the
submandibular fossa. To palpate the angle of the mandible slide posterior alone the
base of the mandible. The angle is located between the body and the ramus. To palpate
the mandibular condyle place your finger anterior to the ear canal and below the
zygomatic arch. Ask your partner to open his/her mouth fully, the condyle will protrude
laterally and become more palpable.
Nasal bones: Supine; locate the bridge of the nose
Zygomatic bone: Supine, return to the zygomatic arch of the temporal bone and continue
to move anteriorly until you reach the zygomatic (cheek) bone.
Maxilla: Supine; palpate inferior to the zygomatic bone down to the mouth. The maxilla
forms the center of the face. The alveolar processes can also be palpated where the
teeth insert into the maxilla.
45
12