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Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013)
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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013)
There are three switching modes of the voltage source
series resonant PDM inverter. During the on time the
transistor are turned on and off in opposite pairs T1 with T4
and T2 with T3, such as modes I and II, to produce a square
wave voltage [9]-[12]. During the off time, mode III is used
to produce a zero voltage state at its output terminals.
When T4 is turned on, the loop is closed through D2 and
when T2 is turned on, the loop is closed through D4 [9],
[10].
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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013)
The difference between this two values represent the
error which is processed by a PID controller that determine
the proper value of duty cycle or the pulse width required
to achieve the set point. The second stage is the generation
of the gating signals using the proposed hybrid switching
technique shown in Fig. 6
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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013)
The proposed hybrid switching technique is based on the On the other hand, if the duty cycle reaches the
PWM and the PDM techniques. The output from the PID maximum value (0.46) for a certain time, the controller
controller is the duty cycle of the PWM control, shown in increments the switching signals by one signal repeated
Fig. 7, which varies from 0 to 0.5. If the duty cycle reaches each ten cycles. This process is repeated each time the
the minimum value (0.2) for a certain time (0.01s), the output of the PID reach its maximum or maximum value
controller decrements the switching signals by one signal and stay on it for a time delay. Fig. 8 portrays the block
repeated each ten cycles. This process is repeated each time diagram of the PDM control. Fig. 9 presented a hybrid
the output of the PID reach its minimum value and stay on switching technique which results from merging the PWM
it for a time delay. and PDM techniques.
435
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013)
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS Fig. 10 shows the switching signals for the two inverter
The proposed induction heating system including the nodules. The switching signal frequency for any gate is 5
high frequency converter, IH furnace and the controller is KHz which reflects the output frequency of any inverter
simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The high frequency module. As discussed before, the output frequency of the
converter is represented by two inverters connected proposed modular inverter system is, 10 KHz, double that
together to feed the load by the required power at 10 KHz of one module. In addition, it is obvious that any inverter
from the 50 Hz supply through a diode rectifier. The module is turned on for one cycle and turned-off for
furnace is simulated by an RL circuit and connected to a another cycle. The switching of the two inverter modules is
capacitor (C) which represents the capacitance added for interchangeable as expected.
the system to resonate. The temperature of the work piece
is calculated by reflecting the amount of electrical energy
received by the load [2].
Fig. 10 the switching signals of the two modules of the modular inverter.
436
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013)
Fig. 11 illustrates the switching signal for one switch and When the temperature reaches the set point, Fig 13(b),
its current and voltage waveforms during one switching the PID controller gradually decreases the duty cycle. In
period. It is obvious that the voltage across the switch is turn, the load current is gradually decreased to a level that
zero at the switching on instant which reveal Zero Voltage satisfies the energy required to keep the temperature of the
Switching (ZVS). The soft switching characteristic of the work peace.
proposed modular converter is important for high power
applications such as IH. Fig. 12(a) shows the load current
which is sinusoidal. The output voltage is a square
waveform of 10 KHz frequency as shown in Fig. 12(b).
437
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013)
REFERENCES
[1 ] FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR; AN9012 Rev D, July 2000,
www.fairchildsemi.com
[2 ] Nathan Rhoades, A Fundamental Overview of Heating by
Induction, April 22, 2006,
www.abiscus.com/HV/InductionHeating.pdf.
[3 ] Muhammad H. Rashid, Power electronics, circuits, devices, and
application, Third Edition, September 2003, Pearson/Prentice Hall,
New Jersey United states
[4 ] Cyril W.Lander, Power Electronics; Third Edition, April 1994,
McGraw-Hill Companies Europe, United Kingdom
[5 ] Nabil A. Ahmed, Three-phase high frequency ac conversion circuit
with dual mode pwm/pdm control strategy for high power IH
applications, Proceedings of world academy of science engineering
& technology PWASET, vol. 35, November 2008, pp.371-377.
[6 ] M. Bildgen, Resonant converter topologies, STMicroelectronics
Application Notes AN658 & AN1194,1999.
[7 ] Per Karlsson, Martin Bojrup, Mats Alakula, and lars Gertmar, Zero
Fig. 14 Zoom of the load current at different time voltage switching converters, NORPIE 2000 Workshop
windows from Fig. 13 Proceedings, Aalborg, Denmark, June 2000, pp. 84-88
[8 ] Hammad Abo Zied, Peter Mutschler, and Guido Bachmann, A
V. CONCLUSION modular IGBT Converters for High Frequency Induction Heating
Application, German-Korean Symposium on Power Electronics and
This paper presents a high frequency resonant modular Electrical Drives, June 27-29 ; 2004, Aachen.
inverter topology for induction heating furnaces. The high [9 ] Jamila Essadaoui, Pierre Sicard, loi Ngandui, and Ahmed Chriti,
frequency is achieved using a phase-shifted gating of two Power inverter control for induction heating by pulse density
modulation with improved power factor,
parallel inverter modules. The switching frequency of each
[10 ] H. Fujita and H. Akagi, Pulse-density-modulated power control of a
inverter module is half of the resonant output frequency. 4kW, 450kHz voltage-source inverter for induction melting
The proposed control system to regulate the furnace applications, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 32, no.2, March/April
temperature is based on a hybrid switching technique. The 1996, pp. 279-286.
hybrid switching technique utilizes the pulse width [11 ] H. Calleja and J. Pacheco Power distribution in pulse density
modulation and the pulse density modulation to control the modulated waveforms, in Proceedings of IEEE-PESC Conference
2000, pp.1457-1462.
series resonant modular inverter. The dynamic performance
of the proposed system is investigated using [12 ] Hideaki Fujita , K.Sano, Hirofumi Akagi,R.H Leonard;Pulse-
density-modulated power control of a 4 KW, 450KHz Voltage-
Matlab/Simulink software package. Simulation results Source Inverter for Induction melting applications, Industry
reveal that the proposed resonant modular inverter for Applications, IEEE Transactions on , March-April 1996, Volume 32,
induction heating applications is capable of adjusting the Issue 2, pp. 279-286.
output sinusoidal current at different conditions with the
resonant frequency to achieve the desired temperature.
Furthermore, it has been shown that the proposed hybrid
switching technique achieves ZVS which results in
decreasing the switching losses and enhancing the overall
system efficiency.
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