APA Documentation ‘The American Psychological Association (APA) publishes 2 syle guide entitled Publication Manual of the American Psychological sociation. Its documentation system (called an aushor-date system) is used for work in psychology and many other disciplines, including education, economics, and sociology: Updates. to the style guide are provided at _warwapastyleorg. This chapter includes « i Sale 4k « guidelines for documenting sources in-a seference liss (15), and » a sample student paper (15¢) APA-style in-text ciations usually include just the last name(s) of the author(s) of the work and the year of publication, However, be sure to specify the page aumber(s) for any quotations you use in your pa- per Theabbreviation p. (for “page") or pp. (For “pages should precede the number(s). If you do not know the author's name, use a shortened version of the source's ritle instead. If your readers want ro find more information about your source, they will look for the author's name, or in its absence, the title of the work, in the bibliography ar the end of ‘your paper, ‘You will likely consalea variety of soutces for your research paper, The following examples are representative of the types of in-text citations you can expect to use rn aston | ory oF AFA 41, Wark by one autiior 347 2. Wark by two authors 347 3, Wark Ly move than tive authors 348 4. Anonymous work 348 5. Two ot more works by diferent authors in the same parenthetical citation 348 16. Two oF more works by the same author in the same parenthetical citation 348 7. Personal communication 349 8, Indirect source 349 1. Work by one author “Yr, 2006 dis tt spe, hen esse cosy, oa “rmerhobly mes means oF comnicaion” (913), on \When examined closely, ech ea remarkably messy means of comenusicwon (Ying, 2006,» 19, Use commas within a parenthetical citation o separate the author’ name from the date and the date from the page number. Include a page num- ber or numbers only when you ate quoting directly ftom the source, 2. Work by two authors acuas and Wate (202) ai tha, eeaeess of whether chien spend ime in day care, hee dovelopmest in ctl childhood ie dated primarily by she nature of the cae they ecelve rom parent on Regardless f whether children spe tne i day cae, ther develops in early childhood is determined jain by the mur of the cae they receive ftom parents (Dees & Wait, 2002), When the authors’ names are in parentheses, use an ampersanl (8) to separate them.APA Documentation (Continsed fron page 350) 1 Aurange the list of works alphabetically by the authors last namie. Ifa source hhas more than one author, alphabetize by the last name ofthe fist author 1 IF you use move than ono work hy the came author(s), arange the entries according to the date of publication, placing the entry with the east date fist. IF Uso or ore works by the samte author(s) have the same publication dite, the entries are arranged so thatthe titles of the works are in alphabetical ‘ander, according to the fist impostant word in each title; lowercase letters are then added to the date (eg., 2008, 2008b) to distinguish the work, 1» When an author's name appears hath in a single-author entry and as the fist ‘name in 3 multiple-author entry, place the single-author enty fist. iphabetize the entry according to the fist 1» Fora work without an author, important word in the tit = Typo the first tine ofeach entry Mush with the left margin and indent subse- ‘quent ines one-half inh or five spaces (a hanging indent). Double-sace Uhroughout-—botween linar of each entry and between Whether you ate submitcing an APA-style paper in @ college course or prepating a manusesipt for publication, you can be guided by the format of the following sample entsies. Deaution ‘Automatic bibtionraphy composers found ontine and included in some software tachages often make mistakes. They may fl to include all elements of a Libliographic entry or may ower elements incorrectly. IF you decide to use an automate composer, be sure to check the sesuts against the mudel enries provided i this chapter. 41, Book by one author 256 2. Book by two or more authors 357 3, Book with editor(s) 257 | 44, Book with 2 corporate or group author 358 | 5. Eton after the fist 359 | 6. iransiation 358 | 7. Multivolume work 358 8. Government report 359 | 9. Selection from an edited book 359 10. Selection from a reference book 360 4 Wide atare bath Wioane nn enemels eS | se Ree eae RNG ORES a cer a en AN | sa Ace ea a lei 0, te eel errant x a se 16, Article in a newspaper 352 17, Letter to the editor 362 18. Book review 262 SSSUIRGESIRRORUTED SORA CCESSIBNSCONPTER) 19. Onlive jouraal article with @ Digital Object Identifier (D01) 364 20, Online journal article without 2 DOL 364 22, Online magazine article based on a print source 364 22, Online magazine article not found in print 264 23. Aticle in an online newspaper 364 24, Online book 364 | 25. Online hook chapter 368 26. Hessage peste to a newsgroup, forum, or éiscusion group 365 27. Mebiog posting 355 28, Lecture notes posted onkine 365 29, Authored document from a Web site 365 415, Article in a monthly, biveelly, or weekly magazine 360 | { 30, Online document with no identified author 36652 Pals > General Documentation Guidelines for APA Documentation 31. Pessonal communication 366 32. Online encyclopedia 300 33. Online dictionary 366 34, Online consumer brochure 367 35. Online white poper 368 “OTHER sources 36. Motion picture 368 37. Television program 368, The following guidelines ave for books, articles, ane most electronic sources. For additional guidelines for documenting electronic sources, see pages 362-308. When preparing enti for your reference lise, be sure 10 copy the bibliographic information ditecuy from the sources (eg, the tle page of a book). (See fig, 15.1, on page 357.) Print-Based Sources Ceres Use the author's firs “initial andl nvidle initial (if given) and hisor her lastname. faves the “initials and the last name place a AaeieceeE Ee ace ¢ Space between the fist aad middle initials, Any abbreviation oF nutnber chas fr. or Tis placed afer comma following the initials, Indicate the end of this information unit with asinale petiod. ussite. avert the last inal of alanthors. Use Kempl, A. R., Cusick, R, & tls and in TG. ‘Walkers, D. M, Thayer-Smich, M.S, Villa, RP, J. that ie part of x name, su Vifian, 1. 8 Kikuchi, K. Riser ee ‘monthly publications, provide both. addition to the comma) before the las: natne of the last author, Pint remaising substitu Carport we goup author evi the auch’ full name © Editor, Ifa work has an edicor or cditois instead of an author or 2 thors, include the abbreviation Fd fa ob for" parentheses after the name(s) EYSEScenencs Provide che year ‘of publication in pareatheses, placing period after the closing parenthesis For books, dhis date an be found on the copyright page, which isthe page fallowing the tide page (se 8g. 15.2, oon page 358). The publication date of journal article can be found at the bottom ofthe fst page ofthe article (cfg. 15.3 on page 561), Fora ‘work that has been accepted for publi- tatlon bat has not yet been published, ace in pres i parentheses. For Te yds eof pata te mein parentheses the year and the month, separated ty acomma. For daly publications, provide che year, month, and day. Use a comma benween the year and the month. Baus S. E., Berry, L., Haceee, NB, Bach, R, Price, T M., Brown, J.B, Huon Arts Foundation, ‘Center for Neurnscience, Harris, B.E. (4). Stroud, DF, & Holst, L. E. (lids.). (2008) Gn press), (n.d. (2007, Janus), (2008, June 22), (Continued on page 354)Aapaper presented at a conference, | symposium, 01 profesional meeting ‘ ispublished, the publication date is ven asthe year only, in pacentheses I For unpablished papers, provide the year and the month in which dhe iathering occured, sepaated by a ie ‘RBH! Capicie ony the fre word ned ty Broper nears Fook tle feligucehe endee ee apd glee plod a i ead of hs infer rmgauine, oF newspaper, capitalize all smajor words, a¢ well 26 any other words consisting af fen oF move leacers Halicize the entiee name and placea comma afier i as journal articles ar hook clapvers. Ina bibliographic entry, tls of | articles and chapters appeat belore | book titles and the names of journals, magatines, or newspapers, Capitalize only the firse word of the ttle and Any proper nouns. "Sutites: Always ince any sub de provided fora soune, Use x colon vo separa «in ttle and w sub Capitalize only the fr word ofthe subtiie and any proper nau. (2008) 2009, September) Languageand the mind. Avwiding work. rehited sem Journal of Child Pychology Pychology Tota Lat Angele Times Treating posteraumnatie stress disorder, easing images: The grommaar of veal desig, Living in Baghdad: Realities and smabogn jun pga entiow. 32, ‘only desigeates only the Fist page of the first issue in avolumeas page 1. Behavior Therapy, 33(2), The frst page of a subsequent isue inthe same volume is gen the page number that follows the last page numberof the previous isue, tn con- teas, each isue of journal pagtnaced sepuruel egies with page 1. When {you use an ati fom a foun pagh fated continucaly, provide only the vulunie nuenber (taliized). When {you use an arte from a journal psainated separately, provide die is sue suimber (placed in parentheses) dlrecly after the volume number. Do not inser a space between the volume and issue numbers. Iealicize only the volume nurnbes. Place @ comms aker this unit of information. "Book chapters. Provide the nus bets of the first and ist pages of the relevant chapter preceded by the abbreviation pp. (for pages"). Place this information in pateatheses: Use anen dash (a shor: dash see 42F) beoween the page numbers. | Rifleles. Lic the page mamisere after the comma that follows the volute or issue number New communitarian thinking (pp. 126-140), TESOL Quarter 342), 213.238, " Chiyand’state, tdesnity te cy in which the publisher of che woke Boston: ie located. Iftwo oF more citce are given an the ttle page, ane the Rest bone listed (Continued on page 356)uke pa Seas | ‘University Park: Pennsyrania State University Pres, Add che rwa-leteey U.S, Postal Ser= vice abbreviation for the state unless the uty is one of the following: Bali mors, aston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, or San Pran cisco. Ifthe publisher i universiey Lancaster, PA: Oxtord, Bagland: dh pot inchide the stateabbreviaton, ‘When a work has best published in siciyy outside the United Staces, ald the name of the wuntry unless the cigyis Amsterdam, Jerusaers, Lon- don, Milan, Moscow, Paris, Rome, Srockhulm, Tokyo, Viersa—in these eases, the name of the city aloueissuliciznt New Haven, C Piss. Provide vuly = Yale University enough of the publishers name so thac it can be identified clestly: Oxnit swords such as Pudtisher atu abbyrevie aions such as fne. However, include Books and Pres witen they are patt of the publisher's name,’The publisher's name follows the city and siate or country. afier «colon. A pesiod ends this unit of information, New York: Harcourt ngland Cambridge University Press. BOOKS| 4. Book by one author (fet ane [For of puttin | [Tae orb ¥* ™ igs (2007). How 10 make opportunity equal: Race and © contributtve justice. Malen, MA: Blackwell. ait — — How to Make Opportunity Equal Hace and Contributive justice Paul Gomberg oe Disses Fig 19.2. The tite pau of 8 book provides mast af te Infomation necessary fo ereatng = bibfographe entry for 3 researc pan. Tomas, D, 8 Woods, 8, (2003), Markung with people wit aisatines: Theoryand practi, Lol: essca Kingsley I there are more than sx authors, lke the first six names and use he abbreviation etal in place of the remaining names (see page 353) 3. Book with editor(s) — Wolfe, B.A 8 Mash J. (Eds) (2005) Bokavinal ane entonona divrdersin adolescents: Nate, assessment, ad treatment New York: Guiferd Pres. 357358 APA Documentation —— 8 2007 by Paul Gemberg 350 Main Set, Malden, MA 0218-9028, USA —) 9600 Garsingtce oad, Onford OKA 20Q UK Ja Swanston Stes, Caron, Vietris 3033, Astral The ight of Pail Gombeug vo be ieniied asthe Author ofthis ‘Wonk has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyti Designs an Patents Act 1988 All igh reserved. No part ofthis publication may be stored ina reeioval system, or transmted nny form or by any means, electonig, necanical photocopying recording ‘thee wie, except as permed by the UK Copyright, Desig atents Act 1988, without the price permission ofthe publisher id rst published 2007 by Blackvell Publishing Ld. Fig 1.2. the year in which » book was published ant the clty whove Swan published {am be found on the copyright page, whek Follows the eke page. 4. Book with a corporate or group author US. War Department. (2003) Oia ota atlas ofthe Chil Mar. New York Bares & Noble When the author and the publisher of a book are the same, we the publisher's name at the beginning of the entry and Anchor at the end, ‘American Psychistie Associaten. (1995) American Poschiaric Assciaton ‘ pte handhook. Washington, DC: Author, apa yea, W, 6 Prag, (ike) 2008). Min and cogs ee) Mal, Ms Ml entify the edition in parencheses immediately after the title. Use ab- breviations: 2nd, 3rd, and so on for the edition number and ed. or “edition.” 6, Translation” Rank, 0: (2002). Paolo and the snk A dy ofthe origin, Goncspalevebion, sand nature of the soul (6. ©. Rieter £3 Licherman, Tans), Balenoxe bes Mopkins University Press. (Crip! wore published 1930; A period follows the name of the publisher buc not che parenthetical note about the original publication dace 7. Multivolume work: Doyle, A.€.(2003), Phe complete Shefock Holmes (Vols. 1-2). New York; Barnes & Noble Ifthe mulkivolume worle was published over a petiod of move than ane ‘year, use the range of years for she publication date Hawthorue, Nathaniel. (19621997). The centenary edison of the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne (Vols. 1-23}, Columbus: Ohio University Press SiGovernmentyeport seomive Office of the Pesidets 2003), Benen: report ofthe President, 2003 (GPO Publication No. 0204090-0760-1) Washington, BC: U.S. Government Punting Dee, +9. Selection from an edited book Fimpuon, 2007), Everest memories: Realling absence brane cl relates In. Carstun (Fl), Ghose of meron Bssuss (pp. 38-42). Maden, Ma: Bacto, Italicize the bool vtle bur noc the title of the selection, 360[APA Documentation 10. Selection froma reference book ‘Wikis, D. U0}, casted doniionng In Th Carin nevelopadia of ppehology ‘nd behavierut ARTICLES IN PRINT Goa ‘ta?ovane) (Wert pabianon | vile of aide (i Green, (2007). Tuckaters and the masking of breakfast eoteals: The Journal of Popular Gules, 40, 49-68. Figure 15.3 shows where the information for this type of entry is found on the first page of an article 12. Article with two authors in a journal with each issue paginated “separately ‘ail, 1 Ravan, 3.4, (2002), Coping wath jo tations. Ci Paychology Jounal, 541) 88°62. "43. Article with three to six authors Frost, 0, Stele, G., & Willams, (2002). Compulkive buying, compulsive sctance (Nol 1, pl 298-298). NewYork: John Wiley ssuling hoanting, and cbsessive-compulsive disorder, efawor Thewpy, 342),201-213. 14, Article with more than six authors Ready 8.K. Arora, M., Perty) C1, Nae 1, Kell, A, Ryle, LA. a. 2002), ‘Tobacco alcohol use cateomes ofa Sehoo-baseimervention ia New Delhi Americon Joursal of Heath Behavior 26, YT-181 "15. Article in a monthly, biweekly, or weekly magazine inte Aworican, 12.$4°61 Wiser, (2002, Sue) The meaning uf deans. 5 ‘tile — Tricksters and the Marketing of Breakfast Cereals ‘thy. — THOMAS GRE Betis Cote Ga ote en econ sere who ven Gene Mil Teney Mx Clie an asad in nme f Sous) ormng elerion comnts re Seon haatatons of teste ly tha dig to pre Wc cra ivy Weaioa exe om ete ely pode mld by tices, sodaoll elses fl by witerscapecaly inh Sse tat eee Obvon oes Artes onc ts powed Nataly trea eal are fen sol by aaa kth rset carte, Indnatraty sich sonnetche sre mos adnate pes i ionic inth seme onerieokea enn fy estions Why fr xan ne ists conser «pct appropiate oft es of Icing beta eas? Ady eaters in area (nd fever neki podut) anos exc of eke ne Trot eng anpna Tes eageeis est grins ve Sy te back he seyaa penton ime peered Doki fo etn tytn of hse fds te Imperative of heconpettivg, pepe fate nape Heres | gyn —l ig 15.3. The flst page ofa Jourataiticle provides the information needed te canplete abibliogapbic entry fr that source,APA Documentation For magazines published weekly or biweskly, aed the day of the issue: (2003, May 8) “16, Article in a newspaper Simon,8. 2007, Oetoher 4) Waning hearts, ind, homes. Los Angeles Times, p. AL Include the lever indicating the section with the page number. 17; Letter to the editor” ‘Mancall 61, (2002, une 17), Answer to eymiism (Letter to he editor] The New Tork Tome, p-A2D. ‘After the til, indicate within brackets that the work isa eter to the editor: aSaRnokaertene— ‘Orford, J. 2007). Drug addiction and fanies (Review ofthe book Dray elton ant Foes Aditi, 102, 1841 1812, If the review has its own title, use that instead of the title of the book. Retain the bracketed information. ‘The ADA gids er ean “sources, Exceptions are explained after the sample entries that follow. Information aboue when and/or how a source was retrieved appears at the end of the entry: The period that normally ends an entry is omitted afer a URL because it could cause difficulty in recieving a Fle, IF a URL. has to continue on anew line, break it before a punctuation mark or other special character, Note that many scholeely journals now use 4 Digital Object [dentifier (DOD) co simplify searching for an artile Whenever possible, use a DOI (without a period following it) instead of 8 URL at the end of reference lise entry. The DOT will be listed on the first page of the article, which usually contains the abstract. Figure 15.4 shows the location ofa DOI and other pertinent bibliographic informa sion on the first page of an online journal artile Volume unter, Children's Eyewitness Reports After Exposure *ragemunibars pubieaton Dirge dade, he ta tan en lose Jog chibtesh pertain we ard Hed dn a ee {vim ae fer tt soe ems ld ‘Sia sb ft abs tele 2 moe Sects tear. Cum sini she roe, Foal (aes oer wed nd Tecedacoirale a mtrec pou reeart Aloo fd ef eens ea, so rang cs omer ey teaconen reve beck sel a ind of the ete nine en earns ate ipa of Poa i Se Tavis, ent, aed Pens, wo Tie ‘p Misinformation From Peenis = =e bea Aan le > lantaf_r ie li (ete ek, 195; tte Ly 18 Sua sing hat ve se eng en ‘sci tceneo pa aula el vena et ome ast ap te sr corse Cretan the rua nd cue eet jews ye fon yang cite ees ‘Spar deaieaion, aur coah camrd wo Soe, yrteney ay fst ie re ‘nfo ‘ile tpt tt tht came rea beast. Fi, 1988) Rater tue samba scent genre it ses aed ree ee ne ep on ‘psig Coa Stn i nt yt Fi, 15.4. Fist page of an online journal atic