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POTABLEWATERTREATMENT
7 May 2014
PLANTS
JEFFLINDGREN ENGINEERINGMANAGER
B&V WATER
AGENDA
ConventionalPretreatment
FocusonClarification(includingSedimentation)
Theory/GoalsofClarification
ReviewofHighRateClarificationTechnologies
ComparisonofTechnologies
ProjectExamples
2
CONVENTIONAL
PRETREATMENT
Typically.
RapidMixFlocculationSedimentationFiltration
Advantages
Simplicity
Widelyused
Handlevaryingwaterquality
Familiarity(Regulatory,Operations)
Disadvantages
LargeFootprint
Highercost,particularlywithlimitedsite
Wind/algaegrowth/solidsremoval 3
THEORY/GOALSOF
CLARIFICATION
4
THEORY/GOALSOFCLARIFICATION
Clarification
Partofpretreatmentprocess
Multiplegoals turbidity/particles,TotalOrganicCarbon
(TOC),etc.
Removesolidspriortofiltration maximize
filtrationprocesses
Sizingoftendefinedinhydraulicloadingrate
(gpm/sform/hr) translatestosettlingvelocity
0.5gpm/sf=1.2m/h=0.066ft/min
Vo = Depth/Detention Time
= Q/A (gpm/sq. ft. or m/hr)
5
THEORY/GOALSOFCLARIFICATION
Whyconsidersomethingbesidesconventional
clarification?
Limitedrealestateavailable
Costadvantages oftensitespecific
Rawwaterquality
Algae
Lightfloc
Regardlessofclarificationprocesschosen:
Coagulation/flocculation conditioningoffloc
iscritical
Settledturbidityisnotendgoal
6
REVIEWOFHIGH
RATE
CLARIFICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
7
HIGHRATECLARIFICATIONOPTIONS
PlateandTubeSettlers
UpflowSolidsClarifiers(Pulsator)
SolidsContactClarifiers(Densadeg)
BallastedFlocculation
DissolvedAirFlotation(DAF)
Others:
ContactAdsorptionClarifiers
DirectFiltration
8
RELATIVELOADINGRATES
SurfaceLoadingRate
gpm/sq.ft.
50 DAF
(Heavy DAF (Light Particles)
Particles)
40 Conventional Sedimentation
30 Tube and Plate Settlers
Solids Clarifiers
20 Ballasted Flocculation
10 DF
CAC
0
0 15 25 50 75 100 125 150
Turbidity, NTU
10
INCLINEDPLATESEDIMENTATION
Courtesy:JMS
11
Courtesy:MRI
1. PARTICLES FALL
VERTICALLY THEREFORE
SEE THE AREA = TO THE
HORIZONTAL PROJECTED
AREA
3. AS A RESULT
A BASIN WITH
PLATES
2. THE HORIZONTAL
REQUIRES
PROJECTED AREA OF
MUCH LESS
ALL OF THE PLATES
AREA THAN A
ARE ADDED UP
BASIN WITHOUT
PLATES
INCLINEDPLATESEDIMENTATION
13
INCLINEDPLATESEDIMENTATION
Effectivesurfaceloadingrates withoutplates
SurfacewaterwithAlumorFerric
0.250.50gpm/ft2
Presedimentation
0.751.50gpm/ft2
Equivalentsurfaceloadingrates withplates:
Courtesy:JMS
14
INCLINEDPLATESEDIMENTATION
Advantages
Smallfootprintarea/easilycovered
Widelyused
Potential$savingsvs.conventional
Disadvantages
Deeperbasinrequired
Notalwaysamenabletoretrofitsinexistingbasins
Obstructaccessandviewofsludgecollectionequipment
Considerations
Consistencyofflocsize
Sludgewithdrawal
Retrofits spacebeneathplates
15
TUBESETTLERS
Similarconcepttoplatesettlers
Shorterlengthcanoftenmore
easilyfitinexistingbasins
Less$thanplates
Lesscontrolofflowascompared
toplates
Wherelargesolidsvolume,canbe
susceptibletoreentrainmentof
solids
Longevity
16
UPFLOWSOLIDSCLARIFIER
(IDISUPERPULSATOR)
Sludgeblanketclarifier(2 4gpm/ft2)
Flocculationandsedimentationinonebasin
Pulsedflowthroughthebasin createdbyvacuum
pump
Inclinedplateswithandwithouttubesettlers
20+Yearsofinstalledexperience over150US
installations
17
Superpulsator Clarifier
Vent Vacuum Pump
Valve
Vacuum
Chamber
Collection
Channel
Collection
Laterals
Blowdown
Pipes
Settling
Plates
Concentrator
Distribution
Channel Distribution
Laterals
Courtesy:IDI
18
Superpulsator Type U Clarifier
Vacuum Pump
Vent Valve
Collection Vacuum
Channel Chamber
Lamellar
Collection Tubes
Laterals
Blowdown
Pipes
Settling
Plates
Concentrator
Distribution
Channel Distribution Courtesy:IDI
Laterals
19
VENTINGANDPULSING
Vacuum
Vacuum
Chamber
Chamber
Sludge Blanket
Sludge Blanket Contraction
Expansion
20
UPFLOWSOLIDSCLARIFIER
(IDISUPERPULSATOR)
21
UPFLOWSOLIDSCLARIFIER
(IDISUPERPULSATOR)
Advantages
Nomovingpartsbelowsurface
AbilitytoincorporatePACinsludgeblanket(T&O/TOC)
Potential$savingsvsconventional
Capableofhighflocculationefficiency
Provenperformance/stateacceptance
Disadvantages
Heavysolidscansettleandrequireperiodicremoval
Canbedifficulttocontrolwhenflowrateorwaterqualitychange
Considerations
Settlingvelocityofsolids homogeneousandcontrolled
Susceptibletoupsetwithtemperaturechange
Needtomanageblowdown
22
SOLIDSCONTACTCLARIFIER(IDIDENSADEG)
Highratesolidscontactclarifier
(8 12gpm/ft2 ascomparedto
0.75 1.5fortraditionalSCUs)
Mixing,solidsrecirculation,
clarification/thickening
Versatile clarification,
softening,residualshandling
Waterandwastewater
applications
20Yearsofinstalledexperience
over50USinstallationsand
150installationsworldwide 23
SOLIDSCONTACTCLARIFIER(IDIDENSADEG)
Clarifier / Thickener
Rapid Mix Reactor Recirculation Cone Settling
Turbine Drive Launder Lifting Assembly Tube
Turbine Reactor Assembly Assembly
Draft Tube
Coagulant
Settling
Tube Support
Polymer
Sludge Sludge
Flow Recycle Pump Recirculation Sludge
Splitter Blowdown
24
DESIGNCRITERIA
REACTOR RETENTION:
LOADING RATE:
8-10 min
8 to 10 gpm/ft2 (clarification)
10 to 15 gpm/ft2 (softening)
SLUDGE BLOWDOWN:
SLUDGE RECYCLE: CLARIFIER RETENTION:
2% to 4% (clarification)
3% to 6% 23 to 28 min
5% to 20% (softening)
25
SOLIDSCONTACTCLARIFIER(IDIDENSADEG)
26
SOLIDSCONTACTCLARIFIER(IDIDENSADEG)
Advantages
Smallfootprintarea
AbilitytoincorporatePAC
Potential$savingsvs.conventional
Disadvantages
Pilottestingrequirements
Lotofsteelinternals maintenance
Needssludgeinventory longerstartuptimes
Considerations
Needspolymer effectonfilterability
Needtomanageblowdown
Susceptibletoupsetwithtemperaturechange
27
BALLASTEDFLOCCULATION ACTIFLO
Kruger Actiflo
Traditional
Kruger Actiflo
Turbo
28
BALLASTEDFLOCCULATION
Highrateballastedflocculationclarifier(1530
gpm/sq.ft)
Useofmicrosandtoballastflocs makesparticles
sinkfaster
50 100microneffectivesize(smallersandtendstowork
better)
Useofhydrocyclones microsandrecoveryfromthe
sludge
Dilutesolids
15Yearsofinstalledexperience over120US
installations
29
BALLASTEDFLOCCULATION
30
BALLASTEDFLOCCULATION
Coagulation 1 - 2 minutes
(Flash Mix)
Injection 1 - 2 minutes
(Flash Mix)
Maturation 4 - 6 minutes
(Flocculation)
Settling (20 gpm/sf): 2 minutes
: 8 - 12 minutes
Total Detention Time
31
BALLASTEDFLOCCULATION
Advantages
Smallfootprintarea
Quickresponsetoadjustments
Potential$savingsvs.conventional
Disadvantages
Higherpowerconsumption
Pilottestingrequirements
Lowsolidscontentinsludge
Moreprocesselementstocontrolandoptimize
Considerations
Needspolymer effectonfilterability
Sandisconsumed(loss) ~8lbs/MG
Sandpumps/pipingneedspecialdesign 32
DISSOLVEDAIRFLOTATION
Reaction Separation
Zone Zone
Float Sludge
Weir
Aerated Layer
Waste
Solids
Clarified Layer
Baffle
Effluent Collection
Air
Compressor Recycle
Receiver Recycle
Saturated Pump
Recycle
Saturator 33
DISSOLVEDAIRFLOTATION
Floatsolidsinsteadofsettle
Primarilyforlowturbidity/lowsolidsapplications
Excellentforalgaeremoval(algaelikestofloat)and
waterswiththermalvariation
Options
Conventional(25gpm/ft2)
StackedDAF Filtration(46gpm/ft2)
HighRateDAF(620gpm/ft2)
34
DISSOLVEDAIRFLOTATION
35
DAFDESIGNPARAMETERS
Recyclestreampressure:60 90psi
Flocculationtime:5 20minutes
Flotationzonedetentiontime
5 15Minutes
SurfaceLoadingRate:2 6gpm/ft2
Highrate:6 20gpm/ft2
36
DISSOLVEDAIRFLOTATION
Advantages
Smallfootprintarea
Generallynotpolymerdependent(lesslikelytoreducefilterruns)
Idealforlightsolids
Highsludgesolidsconcentration(2 5%)w/mechanicalscraping
Disadvantages
Highpowercosts
Pilottestingrequirements
Considerations
Definitionofloadingrates(basinarea,recycle)
RawwaterDO
Sludgetransportw/mechanicalscraping
Heavysolidscancreatedifficulties
37
COMPARISONOF
TECHNOLOGIES
38
COMPARISONOFALTERNATIVE
CLARIFICATIONPROCESSES
Eachcaseneedstobeevaluatedonitsown
individualcircumstances
Waterquality
Treatmentgoals
Regulations
Existinginfrastructure/personnel
Spaceavailability
Costsensitivity
Soletslookatsomeexamples
Nospacelimitations
Warmweather/water
39
SPACE/VOLUMERELATESTOCONCRETE
Conventional
31,500 sq ft
Plates
9,600 sq ft
DAF
6,000 sq ft
Actiflo
4,000 sq ft 40
EVALUATIONOFDIFFERENTIALCAPITALCOSTS
(24MGDWTP)
$6,000,000
$5,000,000
$4,000,000
EquipmentCost
$3,000,000
Concrete
$2,000,000
$1,000,000
$0
Conv Plates DAF Actiflo
$10,000
$0
Conv Plates DAF Actiflo
44
EWEB
HaydenBridgeWaterTreatmentPlant
45
EWEB Contact Basin No. 2 (of 3) 46
EWEB Contact Basin No. 3 (of 3)
47
UNITEDWATER
20mgdLakeDeForestWTP
Retrofit
Clarkstown,NewYork
48
InsightH2O High-Rate Clarification Alternatives 26 March 2013
INITIALPROCESSFLOWDIAGRAM
49
InsightH2O High-Rate Clarification Alternatives 26 March 2013
REVISEDPROCESSFLOWDIAGRAM
50
InsightH2O High-Rate Clarification Alternatives 26 March 2013
ORIGINALSITEPLAN 10MGD
Sedimentation Flocculation
Aerator
Filter
Building
Control
Building
51
InsightH2O High-Rate Clarification Alternatives 26 March 2013
REVISEDSITEPLAN 20MGD
Sedimentation Flocculation
DAF
12gpm/sfdesign
15gpm/sfpilottestedandpermitted
Filter
Building
FiltersReratedfrom10to20mgd
Control
Building
6,000sq.ft.preengineeredbuilding
52
BALLASTEDFLOCCULATION
PRETREATMENTATTHE
CHANDLER,AZPECOSWTP
VICTORIASHARP CITYOFCHANDLER
CHANDLERPECOSWTPSUPERINTENDENT
PROJECTOVERVIEW
30mgd
Conventional
30mgd
Ballasted
Flocculation
54
AHYBRIDPLANT
FWPS2
FWPS1 Conv
Basin 1
Conv Presed
Res 2 Res 1 Basin 2 Basins
RWPS1
Conv
Basin 3 Keptexisting30mgdof
Filters
1-8
BF
conventional
Basin 4
pretreatment.
Filters
BF
9-12
Basin 5 RWPS2
Added30mgdofnew
ballastedflocculation
pretreatment.
Operatebothinparallel
PROJECTOVERVIEW
upstreamofanthracite
monomediafilters.
Section Headingoptional 55
WHYBALLASTEDFLOCCULATION?
Resultedinlongerfilterruns.
Lesstendencyforturbiditybreakthrough.
Muchsmallerfootprintthanconventionalbasins.
Shorterdetentiontimesallowingchangesinwater
qualitytobeapparentquicker.
Positivefeedbackfromtheoperationsand
maintenancegroupduringatourofthePassaic
PILOTINGSTUDY
ValleyWaterCommissionplantinNewJersey.
56
OPERATIONALOBSERVATIONS
Handlesturbiditychangeswell.
Changesinwaterqualityshowupin20minutes,
ratherthanhoursinaconventionalbasin.
Usesmorechemicals.
Lesssandisneededthanwasoriginalassumedby
operations.
57
30mgdBFBasins
30mgdConventionalBasins
58
PASSAICVALLEY
WATERCOMMISSION
110mgdLittleFallsWTPRetrofit
Clifton,NewJersey
59
InsightH2O High-Rate Clarification Alternatives 26 March 2013
LITTLEFALLSWTP PROCESSSEQUENCE
Filter
Building
Existing
Basins 3 & 4
Existing Basins 1 & 2
Control
Building
Existing
Chemical
Building
60
InsightH2O High-Rate Clarification Alternatives 26 March 2013
LITTLEFALLSWTP PROCESSSEQUENCE
Filter
Building
Existing
Basins 3 & 4
Existing Basins 1 & 2
Control
Building
New ACTIFLO
Building
LITTLEFALLSWTP PROCESSSEQUENCE
Filter
Building
New
Chemical
Residuals Storage
Storage
Control
Building New Ozone
Facilities
New ACTIFLO
Building
LITTLEFALLSWTP PROCESSSEQUENCE
GAC
Filter
Building
New
Chemical
Residuals Storage
Storage
Control
Building New Ozone
Facilities
New ACTIFLO
Building
70
InsightH2O High-Rate Clarification Alternatives 26 March 2013
NTMWD WYLIEWTP
Plant III
328 mgd
Plant IV
164 mgd
Plant II
328 mgd Plant I
82 mgd
71
InsightH2O High-Rate Clarification Alternatives 26 March 2013
INTEGRATINGOZONATION
Ozone Contactors
Ozone
Contactors
72
InsightH2O High-Rate Clarification Alternatives 26 March 2013
REPLACEDTWOOFEIGHTBASINSWITHPLATES
Flocculation
Plates
Ozone
Contactors
Flumes
74
Black & Veatch 3 June 2014
CONTACTINFO
JeffLindgren,P.E.*,P.L.S.**
EngineeringManager
Black&Veatch
5885MeadowsRd,Suite700
LakeOswego,OR97035
5034434415|LindgrenJM@BV.com
*Licensedin*OR,WA,&CA**OR
75
www.bv.com