Design a T-shaped cantilever retaining wall to retain earth embankment 3.5 m High above G.L.

The
unit weight of the earth is 18 kN/mm3 . Its angle of repose is 300.The embankment is Horizontal at
its top. The safe bearing capacity of soil may be taken as 100 kN/mm2 .The co-efficient of friction
between soil and concrete is 0.45 Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel. Given a neat Pencil sketch of
details of reinforcement.

Given q = 100 kN/mm2 = 18 kN/m3

Determination of the height of retaining wall

1 130 1 100 1
Df = *Ka2 Ka = 1+ = 1+30
= 3 Df = 18
* (3)2 = 0.617 m say 0.7 m

Height of retaining soil above ground level = 3.5 m

Total height of retaining wall (H) = 3.5+0.7 = 4.2 m

Step 2 :- Fixing preliminary dimension of cantilever retaining wall

The width of box slab B should be between 0.48 H to 0.58 H or 2.016 m to 2.352 m

Say B = 2 m Width of toe slab = 0.3 * B = 0.3 * 2 = 0.6 m

Now depth of heel slab/toe slab/stem slab = 12
to 10

= 0.345 m to 0.415 m

Provide 0.4m depth , Thickness of stem at top 150 mm to 300 mm Say 200 mm

Step 3:- Checking of stability of Retaining

Length of retaining wall = 1 m

Particulars Weight (kN) Distance from edge of toe Moment Ms kN-m

Soil W1 = 3.8 *1*18 = 68.4 1 102.6 kN-m
X1 = 2-2 = 1.5 m
Stem (Rectangular) W2 = 3.8*0.2*25 = 19 17.1 kN-m
Stem (Triangular) 1 2 6.96 kN-m
W3 = 2
*3.8*0.2*25= 9.5 X3 = 0.6+3*0.2 m
Base slab W4 = 0.4*2*25 = 20 X4 = 1 m 20 kN-m
W = 116.9 kN Ms = 146.66 kN-m
Check against Overturning
1 1 1 1
Overturning moment (M0) = 2 **H2* ka* 3 = 6 * Ka**H3 = 6 *3 *18*3.83 = 54.872 kN

Stabilizing moment (Ms) = 146.66 kN-m

Now Factor of safety (F1) against overturning given as

0.9 0.9146.66
F1 = 0
= 54.872
= 2.42 Hence against overturning

Check against Sliding

 1 1 1
Pa = 2 *Ka**H2 (for per unit length) = 2 * 3*18*3.82 = 43.32 kN

0.9.45116.9
F2 =
43.32

=1.09 < 1.4

This is less than 1.4 Hence unsafe. We have to provide shear key

Pressure under base slab

Stabilising moment Ms = 144.375 kN-m

Overturning moment M0 = 52.73 kN-m

Net stabilising moment = 144.375 52.73 = 91.645 kN-m

91.645
X= = = 0.79 m
115.625

.e = 1-0.79 = 0.21 m
115.625 60.21
P= 2
(1 2 )

P1 = 94.23 kN P2 = 21.29 kN P1 < 100 kN less than earth bearing capacity P2 > 0
hence no tension is created Hence Safe.

Design of stem
1 1 1
Moment on the stem = 6 *Ka**H3 = 6 * 3*18*3.753 = 52.734 kN-m

52.734106
M = Q*b*d = > d = = 0.911000 = 240.72 mm

We have depth total depth = 400 mm if 60 mm cover is provided we have effective dept = 400
60 = 340 mm > 240.72 mm hence safe

52.734106
m = Ast * t * a => Ast = = = 636.86 mm2
2300.9400

78.541000
provide 10 mm bar , spacing = 636.88
= 123.32 mm

Provide 10 mm bar at 120 mm c/c spacing

0.12 200+400
Distribution reinforcement area = 0.12 % of total cross-sectional area = 100 *( 2
)*1000
= 360 mm2

Provide half of the reinforcement on both face , Area of reinforcement on one face = 180 mm2
50
Provide 8 mm bar, Spacing = 180*1000 = 277.78 mm

Provide 8 mm bar at 270 mm c/c spacing

Design of heel Slab
2 1.4
= => x = 51.05 kN
72.94

0.6 1 2
Moment on heel slab M = 0.6*72.348* + *21.88*0.6* = 17.40 kN-m
2 2 3

17.40106
M = Q*b*d2 = > d = = 0.911000 = 138.27 < 340 mm hence safe

17.40106
Area of reinforcement = = = 210.15 mm2
2300.9400

50
Provide 8 mm bar, Spacing = 210.15*1000 = 237.78 mm

Provide 8 mm bar at 230 mm c/c spacing

0.12
Distribution reinforcement area = 0.12 % of total cross-sectional area = *400*600
100

= 288 mm2
50
Provide 8 mm bar, Spacing = 288*1000 = 173.78 mm

Provide 8 mm bar at 170 mm c/c spacing

Design Of Heel Slab

94.2321.29
X= *1 = 36.47 kN
2

1 2 1
Moment due to upward load = 2 *1*15.18*3 + 21.29*1*2 = 5.06 + 10.645 = 15.705 kN-m

1
Moment due to downward load = 1*3.75*18*2 = 33.75 kN-m

Net moment = 33.75 15.705 = 18.045 kN-m

18.045106
M = Q*b*d2 = > d = = 0.911000 = 140.81 < 340 mm hence safe

50
Provide 8 mm bar, Spacing = 210.15*1000 = 355.07 mm

Provide 8 mm bar at 300 mm c/c spacing

0.12
Distribution reinforcement area = 0.12 % of total cross-sectional area = 100 *400*100

= 480 mm2
50
Provide 8 mm bar, Spacing = 480*1000 = 104.17 mm

Provide 8 mm bar at 100 mm c/c spacing

Design of Shear key

Let abe the depth of shear key

From pressure diagram at 0.6 m from edge of toe

Verticle force = 72.348 kN

1
Kp = = 3

Passive force on MN Pp = Kp * 72.348 * a*1 =3*72.348*a = 217.04*a kN

0.9W+Pp
F.O.S =
1.4

0.90.45115.625+217.04
=> 1.4
42.19

a 0.056m = 56 mm

Minimum depth of shear = 300 mm

Hence provide 300 mm depth of shear key

Reinforcement will be same as base slab.