Structured Questions

13. Answer the following questions, on the extraction of iron in a blast furnace.
a) What is the main ore of iron called?

b) What is the purpose of the limestone?

c) What is the main impurity in the iron ore?

d) Write an equation to show the reduction of the ore.

e) What floats on top of the molten iron?

f) In the middle of the furnace, what is the main reducing gas?

g) Name two other elements usually present in pig rion.

h) List four alloys of iron and a use of each.

Name:

Uses: .

14. The seventh most abundant element on the earth is titanium. It is extracted from its ore, rutile, TiO 2. This is first
converted into titanium chloride, TiCl4, with concentrated hydrochloric acid. It is then reduced by heating with
sodium metal in an inert atmosphere of argon.
a) What is the chemical name for TiO2?

b) Complete these equations:

TiO2 + 4HCl .+
TiCl4 + 4Na +
c) Why is it necessary to have an inert atmosphere of argon, during the extraction using sodium?

d) TiCl4 is a liquid chloride. Do you think it is ionic or covalent?

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e) Titanium is used in spaceship construction. What property makes it suitable for such a use?

15.
a) Explain the observations summarized below:

b) There is an iron column in Delhi that was built in approximately 200A.D. However, nearly two thousand years
later, it still has no rust on it. Can you explain why?

c) Why does an iron pipe buried deep in clay rust more quickly than one buried in a shallow trench of sand?

d) Why does a tin can when scratched rust much quicker than an iron can coat with zinc (galvanized), when it
becomes scratched?

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16.
a) The 20-cent of a Singapore coin has a mass of 4.5 g. It is a cupronickel alloy (75% Cu, 25% Ni). How much
copper would be needed to produce 1000 000 of these coins?

b) If copper is extracted from the ore cuprite, Cu2O, then how much of this ore is needed to produce 1000 000
coins?[Ar(Cu) = 64, Ar(O) = 16]

17. Answer the questions below on the extraction of aluminium by the electrolysis of bauxite.
a) Why is cryolite added to the bauxite?

b) What materials are the electrodes of the cell made of?

c) Write the equation for the reaction at the cathode.

d) What is the main product at the anode?

e) Write an equation for the reaction at the anode.

f) Why do the anodes have to be replaced?

g) Why is aluminium parts often built in mountainous areas?

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 h) List four uses of aluminium.