THE AIRPORT OPERATORS PERSPECTIVE

ON
RUNWAY EXCURSION HAZARDS
AZMIMURAD
MalaysiaAirportsHoldingsBerhad
21st MAY2012
1. ABOUTMALAYSIAAIRPORTS

2. RUNWAYEXCURSIONDEFINITION
2.1 Definition
2.2 Requirements
2.3 RunwayIncursion
2.4 ImpactRunwayExcursion
2.5 ImpactofExcursion

3. RUNWAYEXCURSIONHAZARDS
3.1 CommunicationHazards
3.2 ConstructionHazards
3.3 VisibilityHazards
3.4 AirportHazards
3.5 OperationalHazards

4. RUNWAYSAFETYTEAM
 ABOUT
MALAYSIA AIRPORTS
 OURVISION
WorldClassAirportBusiness

OURMISSION
Providingworldclassaviationgateways;
managingcosteffectiveairportnetworkand
services;andexceedingtheexpectationsof
customers,shareholdersandotherstakeholders
AIRPORTSOPERATEDBYMALAYSIAAIRPORTS

5InternationalAirports
16DomesticAirports
18STOLPorts
TOTAL : 39

4ForeignAirports
OVERSEASVENTURE:
HyderabadInternationalAirport,India
NewDelhiInternationalAirport,India
Sabiha Gokchen InternationalAirport,Turkey
MaleInternationalAirport,Maldives
NumberofAirlinesOperatingatKLIA(asatSummerSchedule2012/2013)
535
passenger+cargo=58
airlinesairlines GroundHandlersinKLIA
OTHERAIRLINESATKLIA
STATISTICS MAHBAIRPORTS:PASSENGERS(20002011)

NOTES:AsatMac2012,paxmovement=5,681,882mp
STATISTICS KLIA:PASSENGERS(20002011)

NOTES:AsatMAC2012paxmovement=9,534,751mp
(anincreasedby6.8%ascomparedtoyear2011)
 RUNWAY
EXCURSIONDEFINITIONS
RUNWAYEXCURSIONDEFINITION

ICAO Aveerofforoverrun
offtherunwaysurface.

An incidentinvolvingonlya
singleaircraft, whereitmakes
aninappropriateexitfromthe
runway.
RUNWAYEXCURSIONDEFINITION
FAAs definition of a runway incursion is "any occurrence in the airport
runway environment involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on
the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of
required separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off,
landing, or intending to land."

The ICAO Air Navigation Commissions working definition of a runway

incursion is any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect
presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a
surface designated for the landing and takeoff of the aircraft.
REQUIREMENTS
I.OPERATIONSOFAIRCRAFT
Annex 6 Requires Operators to establish and maintain an
accident prevention and flight safety program.

II.AIRTRAFFICCONTROL
Annex11 Requires States to implementsafetyprogramsand ATS
providers to implementsafetymanagementsystem.

III.AERODROMES
Annex14 Requires AerodromeOperatorsto implementSMSas
partofthe certificationprocessof an aerodrome and
recommends thesamefor alreadycertifiedAerodromes.
RUNWAYINCURSION

the INCORRECT
PRESENCEof
..aircraft,vehicle
orman
IMPACTONRUNWAYEXCURSIONS
IMPACTOFEXCURSION

LossofLife ImageofAirlines&
PropertyLoss Airport
RunwayClosed Inconvenienceto
Pax
AirportClosed
LossofRevenuefor
FlightDiversion
Airlines
LegalIssue
RUNWAYEXCURSION
HAZARDS
COMMUNICATIONHAZARDS
Noneffectiverelayofrunwayconditions
Reportsofrunwaycondition
Competencyofstaffexperience

Failuretonotifyclosureofrunway/taxiway
Emergencyclosurecancauseaircrafttoenterbefore
markerboardsareplaced.
NOTAMed butpilotmaynothavereadit
CONSTRUCTIONHAZARDS
Modifiedeffectiveoperationalrunwaylength
datathatisnotaccuratelypublished

Calculation of TORA,TODA,LDA,ASDA
by AirportOperator;

Aircraftmiscalculateloador
aircraftperformance;

Weather condition, wind,

temperature and humidity.
CONSTRUCTIONHAZARDS
Locationofconstructionequipmentmayimpacttheseverity
ofanexcursionevent

Displacedthresholdonrunway
Displacedthresholdonthegraded/strip
ofrunway
Thetypeofequipment
Thehazardlights
TheTaipeiaccident
VISIBILITYHAZARDS
Heavyfogongroundlevel
Foginversion

Openburningbyneighboringcountries
Haze

Heavytorrentialthunderstorm
ReducedVisibility
Crosswinds
Downdrafts
VISIBILITYHAZARDS
Positionofthesunvs thehumaneyes
Reflectionofthesunonwetsurfacesblindsthe
humaneyes

Accesstosite
SoftgroundwithinrunwaystripimpedeAFRSability
toreachlocationwithin3minutesofexcursionsite
Noperimeterroadforsecondaryaccess
VISIBILITYHAZARDS
Inhospitableterrain
Runwayinvalleysurroundbyhills/buildings
Steepapproachesduetoterrain/trees

Runwaysnotconstructedandmaintainedtomaximize
effectivefrictionanddrainage
Derubberizewhenitreaches0.53mu
KLIAMaintenancelevel(0.53mu)VS ICAO(0.43mu)
GripTesterorSaabRunwayFrictionTester
GreasePatchTest
Depthofwater
3mmover1.5m
2.5 3cmover45m
 AIRPORTHAZARDS
RunwayPavementConditions:

MarkingsonRunway clear&visible
Standardizequalitypaint
Frequencyofpainting

AirfieldGroundLightings
PerformanceManagement Intensity

AirportPavementManagementSystem(APMS)
Predictive&PreventiveMaintenanceProgram
DataCollection
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
AIRPORTHAZARDS
Runwaycurvature
CamberedorSingleCrossFall
1.5%slopeforRunway
2.5slopeforrunwayshoulders
2.5slopeforrunwaystrip
AIRPORTHAZARDS
RunwayGrooving
Groove VS UnGroove
Efficientwaterdispensation
Reducedaquaplanning
Increaserunwayfriction

Runwayporosity
PorousAsphalt
Waterseepsthruquickly
Requiresefficientsubsoildrainage
Otherwise,runwayremainsdamp
afterrain
Dirtparticlesmayclotupporosity
KLIAdoesnothaveporousasphalt
AIRPORTHAZARDS
RunwayCrackReliefLayer

AnyRunwayDistressis
transferred/absorbed;

Helpmaintainrunway
surfaceingoodcondition;

ExtendtheRunwayslifespan;

OurcurrentfeatureinKLIA
 CROSSSECTIONOFRUNWAY
CRACKRELIEFLAYER

CH0.1503mR 2CH0.4503mR CH1.4005mL

OPERATIONALHAZARDS
FailureToUseWindPreferentialRunways
ChangeofWinddirection/traffic

InadequateRunwayLength
Shortenrunway

RunwayConditions
Obliterated/fadedmarking
AGL PerformanceManagement
Climaticconditioncausemosstocultivateonrunway
WeeklyrunwayfrictiontestforKLIA
(MaintenanceLevel0.53VsICAOLevel0.43)
OPERATIONALHAZARDS
Inappropriateobstacleassessment
Hills,Trees,Building,etc

Propergradedrunwaystrip
toallowsaircrafttogosteerbackintorunway
B737800veeredoffduringthunderstorm
OPERATIONALHAZARDS
RescueOperationsbyAFRSKLIA
EffectiveEmergencyRespondPlan
Tabletalkexerciseyearly
CrashPracticeExerciseoncein2years

AdequateTrainingforEmergencyRespond
Competencytestyearlybothphysical&paper

AppropriateRespondvehicles
Rightequipmentfortherightjobland/sea
Durable,fast&responsivetoterrainKLIA

Appropriateequipments
RightToolsforthejob
 RUNWAY
SAFETYTEAM
RUNWAYSAFETYTEAM
TheObjective
to improvesafetyon runway and airportsurface.

ThePlan
Collect and analyze runwaysafetydata;
Checkcompliance withSARPs;
Developinitiativesto improve runwaysafety;
Identify potential newtechnologiesthatmay reduce the possibility
ofa runwayexcursion/incursion;
LocalHotspotCharts;
Combinedteamefforttobetterunderstandoperationaldifficultiesand
suggest areasforimprovement.
RUNWAYSAFETYTEAM
TheTeam
Aerodromeoperator;
Airlinesoraircraftoperators;
Airtrafficserviceprovider;
Pilotandairtrafficcontrollerassociation;
Othergroupswithadirectinvolvementinrunwayoperations.

May2006,MalaysianSafetyActionPlan
Implemented

TheGoal
Toimprovesafetyonairportsurface.
Thankyou