2013 C2 H2 Physics Revision Package 2013 Circular Motion Suggested Solutions

Circular Motion Revision 2013

Suggested Solution
Level 1
1. A
The person is moving at constant speed and hence in uniform circular motion and hence the
resultant force should be toward the centre of rotation.
Besides weight W acting on the person, the other force must be force due to the cage Constructing
Fresultant W Fcage :

Freusultant = W + Fcage

Fcage
W

2. A
D 2
v R ( )( ) ... 0.21 rad s 1
2 T

3 A
To remain stationary, the frictional force must be sufficient to provide the centripetal force required
for circular motion.

For m: Frictional force, Fm m(2r ) 2 For 2m : Frictional force, F2 m (2m)(r ) 2

Since the is the same for both masses at any instant of time, the frictional force required should at
any time should be the same.
Since, the maximum friction on m = maximum friction on 2m. Hence mass m will reach maximum
friction first.

4 B
Assuming that the circular motion is uniform, and then the resultant force must point towards the
center of the circle.

5 B
The centripetal force required to move the object around in circular motion of a certain radius r is
mv 2
given by Fc . Hence, if v is doubled, Fc is quadrupled.
r

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2013 C2 H2 Physics Revision Package 2013 Circular Motion Suggested Solutions

6 B
Consider the FBD of the passenger at the top of the loop, there are two forces acting on him : his
weight (W) and that by the carriage Fcarriage.

v2
By N2L, Fnet = Fcarriage + W = m
R
Fcarriage = ...= 1000 N

7 B
For free body diagrams, we never label the resultant force which in this case is the centripetal force.
Furthermore, the lift acts perpendicularly to the wings (lift is mainly provided by the wings), there is
also a need to have a resultant force pointing towards the centre of the circular motion to provide for
the necessary centripetal acceleration.

8 C
Consider the forces acting on the toy car whilst moving in circular motion. There is only the force by
the string Fstring acting on the car, this provides it with the centripetal acceleration.

4
Hence, by N2L Fstring = mac = mr 2 mr ( ) and Fstring =
T2
kx where x is extension.
r
T2
Fstring x
T' 2 3
Hence, ( ) ...
T 4

9 B
Consider the FBD of the racing car. Since friction is zero. There are only two forces acting the car,
its own weight and the normal contact force by the slope. Resolving the forces in the direction
towards the centre of the circle (horizontally) and perpendicular to the circle (vertically). We can see
that the component of the normal contact force will provide for the centripetal motion.

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2013 C2 H2 Physics Revision Package 2013 Circular Motion Suggested Solutions

mv 2
() N sin ...(1)
N cos r
N
() N cos mg ...(2)

v2
(1)/(2), tan ... 43.5o
N sin
rg

10 A

String Rod For the mass on the string, for minimum speed, the
centripetal force is entire provided by mg. T= 0.
mvA2
Hence, mg vA rg
r
For the mass on the rod, the force by the rod can be
either acting up or down. At minimum speed, the net
force = 0.
Hence Fc = 0, as the FBD on the left. Hence, vB = 0.

11 A

m1: m2 Both masses have the same angular velocity at any instant of
time, is the same.
For m2, Fnet m2 r2 2 T2 ...(1)

For m1, Fnet m1r1 2 T1 T2 ....(2)

T1 m r
(1) &(2) ... 1 1 1
T2 m2 r2

12 C

vP rP 2

vQ rQ 1
rQ =R

rP =2R

13 D
Both A and B have the same angular velocity.

Use a r 2 and v r and F mac mr 2 to deduce the answer.

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2013 C2 H2 Physics Revision Package 2013 Circular Motion Suggested Solutions

14 B
v 1
v r . v is constant, hence
r r

15 A
Key difference is between the 2 masses in the options is the angle that the string makes with the
vertical . Analysing the free-body diagram of a general mass M.

() T cos Mg ...(1)

() T sin MR 2 ...(2)

(l sin x) 2
(2)/(1), tan ...
g
Since x, l and g are fixed. And the is the same for both
masses, hence there is no mass dependence for .

16 A
The force on the proton and electron are perpendicular to the path of motion hence no work is done
on each of them.

17 B
At the limit where the loop is just in contact with the carriage. At the top of the circular loop,

mv 2
Fnet mg N
r
1 2 1
N =0, Min. k.e. at the top of the loop, mv mgr
2 2
By conservation of energy, by considering the two points, at the initial point and the final point a
the top of circular motion,
5
x r
2
18 A
1 2
Using mv E and v R R(2 f ) to get answer.
2

19 C
5 1
From qn 17, we have the minimum height to be r . That gives y = r .
2 2

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2013 C2 H2 Physics Revision Package 2013 Circular Motion Suggested Solutions

Level 1 (Structured)

20 The egg is most likely to fall out at the top, consider at the top. Considering the forces on the egg,

mv 2
() N mg ...(1)
r
At the point of losing contact, N = 0.
From (1), vmin 2 rg ... 2.8 m s1

21 (i) (F = ma)x + R = mv2/r sR

(F = ma)y + R = mg

s(mv2/r) = mg v = (rg/ s)
R

(ii) H/G = 3 vG/vH = 3 = 1.7

mg

2 r 2 8
22 (i) vaverage 10.1 m/s
T 5

(ii) vaverage
1
4 2 r
2 8
10.1 m/s
1
4 T 5

dA dA 0
(iii) vaverage 0 m/s
T 5

dC d A 82 82
(iv) vaverage 3.02 m s 1 West 45o South
4 5
3 3
4T

dB d A 82 82
(v) vaverage 9.05m s 1 East 45o South
T /4 5/ 4

(vi) v vD vA (10.052 ) (10.052 ) 14.2 m s1 West 45o North

(vii) v vB vA 10.052 10.052 14.2m s-1 West 45 South

o

23 (a) Although the speed of the object is constant, its direction is changing and by Newtons first law the
object must experience a resultant force [1].
Since the object experience no change in its speed in the tangential direction, the rate of change of linear
momentum must be perpendicular to it. By Newtons second law, the resultant force must be
perpendicular to its velocity [1].
Hence, the resultant force must be in the radial direction, towards the centre of the circle [1].

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2013 C2 H2 Physics Revision Package 2013 Circular Motion Suggested Solutions

(b)(i)

Normal contact Friction, 0.760

force, R R

mg
All forces acting at the correct point of action 1 mark
Length of forces drawn 1 mark
Correct labeling of forces 1 mark
(b)(ii) Resolving the forces and considering the horizontal direction,

F 0.76R cos R sin [1]

(b)(iii) Resolving the forces vertically,

F y R cos 0.760R sin mg 0 (1) [1]

From part (ii)

F x 0.76R cos R sin mr 2 ..(2)

2
Substituting [1] and (1) into (2), we obtain T 38.7 s [1]
T
24 (a)(i) Lost in GPE = Gain in KE [1]
mgh = mv2
v = 9.9 m s-1 [1]

(ii) T mg = mv2 / r [1]

T = 80.0(9.81 + 9.92 / 5.00) [1]
= 2350 N [1]
(iii) At this lowest position, the tension needs to support the whole weight [1] of the hero and at the same
time provide the largest centripetal force [1] (v is the largest at the lowest point), hence it is most likely
to break at this position.

(b)(i) By conservation of linear momentum

mhero(9.9) = (mhero + mvillain)(vf) [1]
-1
vf = 5.28 m s [1]
(ii) In practice, friction might be present between the villain and the floor (external force), hence
momentum will not be conserved in (b) (i). [1]
Others: chandelier may be swinging, villain may have rotational motion.

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2013 C2 H2 Physics Revision Package 2013 Circular Motion Suggested Solutions

Level 2

At t = 0, mr T mg T mr 2 mg
2
1

At t = T/2, mr mg T T mg mr 2
2

2 Let m be the mass of marble and r be the radius of its orbit.

(F = ma)radial N sin 60o = mr2

N cos 60o = mg
o
(F = ma)vertical N 60

Taking ratio: tan 60o = r2/g 2 = g tan 60o / r

mg
f 1
2
g tan 60o
r 1
2
( 9.81) tan 60o
0.080 2.32Hz 60
o

3 (a) (F = ma)y +

2Lo = mg Lift on each wing, Lo = (2.0 x 104)(9.81) = 98 100 N

(b) right wing > left wing

The plane tilted about its longitudinal axis with a higher right wing. This results in a horizontal component
of the lift force to the left of the plane which provides the centripetal force to turn the plane to its left.

(c) Lnet = 1.8(98 100)

(F = ma)x Lnetsin = mv2/r

(1.8)(98100) sin = (2.0 x 104)(1202)/(10 000) angle of tilt, = 9.39o

(d) mg = (2.0 x 104)(9.81) = 196 200 N

(F = ma)y +

mg Lnetcos = ma 196 200 174 214 = (2.0 x 104)a 1.10 m s-2

On a horizontal plane it is describing a circular motion.
Vertically it is accelerating down due to a resultant force.

(e) (F = ma)x L1sin1 = mv2/r

(F = ma)y + L1cos1 = mg

tan1 = v /rg 2
tan1 = 1202/(10 000 x 9.81) 1 = 8.35o
L1 = 198 000 N

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2013 C2 H2 Physics Revision Package 2013 Circular Motion Suggested Solutions

(f) (F = ma)y + Ly = mg = (2.0 x 104)(9.81) = 196 200 N

Lcos2 = Ly = 196 200 N (3.0 x 105) cos2 = 196 200 2 = 49.2o

Lsin2 = mv2/r2 (3.0 x 105) sin 49.2o = (2.0 x 104)(1202)/r2 r2 = 1270 m

or
(F = ma)y + Ly = mg = (2.0 x 104)(9.81) = 196 200 N

L2 = Lx2 + Ly2 (3.0 x 105)2 = Lx2 + (196 200)2 Lx = 226 948 N

(F = ma)x Lx = mv2/r2 226 948 = (2.0 x 104)(1202)/r2 r2 = 1270 m

tan2 = Lx / Ly = 226 948 /196 200 2 = 49.2 o

4 (a) Since A = B
Hence uA/rA = uB/rB
uA/uB = rA/rB = 8.4/3.0 = 2.8

(b) By conservation of energy,

Loss in Ep(platform) = gain in Ek(counter weight) + gain in Ek(platform) + gain in Ep(counter weight)
mA g (16.8) = mB uB2 + mA uA2 + mB g (6.0)
mB (uA / 2.8)2 + mA uA2 = mA g(16.8 ) mB g (6.0)
100(uA / 2.8)2 + 1000 uA2 = 2000(9.81)(16.8) 200(9.81)(6.0)
uA = 17.7 ms-1

(c)(i) upward or towards the pivot

(c)(ii) R mg = mv2/r
R = mv2/r + mg = (60)(17.72/8.4 + 9.81) = 2830 N

5 0.20 kg mass : (F = ma)x T = mrw2 = mr(2f)2 T = ml(2f)2

Bottom mass: (F = Ma)y + Mg = T = mr(2f)2

M(9.81) = (0.20)(0.50)[2(40/60)]2
M = 0.179 kg