Border Gateway Protocol

The routing protocols that run within an autonomous system are referred to as Interior
Gateway Protocols (IGPs).
Routing protocols that route between autonomous systems or routing domains are referred to
as Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs).
Whereas IGPs discover paths between networks, EGPs discover paths between autonomous
systems. Examples of EGPs include the following:
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) for IP
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) for IP (yes, an EGP named EGP)
The ISO's InterDomain Routing Protocol (IDRP)

Features:
Policy Based routing
BGP is a Distance Vector protocol
Scalable
Reliable
Load Balancing
Peer (Neighbour/Adjacency)
Admin Has to establish the peering process ( NO automatic neighbour discovery)
BGP uses TCP protocol : The reliability of the peer connection. TCP handles like Ack,
retransmission and sequencing.
BGP is sending only unicast pkt
Indirected peering are support in BGP
port No :179
BGP is working in classless domain
No periodic updates, but it has trigged updates
Hold-on-timer: 180sec
Keep-alive pkt : 60 sec
Matric: PATH ATTRIBUTES : as path, weight, origin code, local preference, MED
Neighbour Acquisition protocol:
They must establish that they are compatible
2-way handshake

Neighbour Reachability Protocol:

Network Reachability Protocol:
Who needs BGP:
The majority of the cases calling for BGP involve internet connectivity- either between a
subscriber and an ISP or between ISPs.
A single homed autonomous system
No Need of BGP

Multihoming to a single autonomous system

No need of BGP
Multihoming to Multiple Autonomous Systems
Need BGP

BGP Finite State machine:

Path Attribute: