Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 3, continued
"My mother was named Harriet Bailey. She was the daughter
of Isaac and Betsy Bailey, both colored, and quite dark. My mother
was of a darker complexion than either my grandmother or grandfather.
"My father was a white man. He was admitted to be such by all
I ever heard speak of my parentage. The opinion was also whispered
that my master was my father; but of the correctness of this opinion,
I know nothing: the means of knowledge was withheld from me. My
mother and I were separated when I was but an infant - before I knew
her as my mother. It is a common custom, in the part of Maryland
from which I ran away, to part children from their mothers at a very
early age. Frequently, before the child has reached its twelfth month,
its mother is taken from it, and hired out on some farm a considerable
distance off, and the child is placed under the care of an old woman,
too old for field labor. For what this separation is done, I do not know,
unless it be to hinder the development of the child's affection toward
its mother, and to blunt and destroy the natural affection of the mother
for the child. This is the inevitable result."
- Frederick Douglass (9)
The same thing was routinely done to Indian families, separating the children from the
old heathen ways and forcing them into christian boarding schools where their hair was
cut and they were beaten if they spoke their native language. This practice gradually
came to an end by the 1970s, largely because of the efforts of AIM policies against
religious and cultural assimilation. My own mother was hauled away to a "Convent" in
Prescott, Arizona when she was 7 years old, in 1931, and was only allowed to see her
father on Saturday nights.
"The bourgeoisie, wherever it has got the upper hand, has put
an end to all feudal, patriarchal, idyllic relations. It has pitilessly
torn asunder the motley feudal ties that bound man to his 'natural
superiors', and has left remaining no other nexus between man
and man than naked self-interest, than callous 'cash payment'.
It has drowned the most heavenly ecstasies of religious fervour,
of chivalrous enthusiasm, of philistine sentimentalism, in the
icy water of egotistical calculation. It has resolved personal
worth into exchange value, and in place of the numberless
indefeasible chartered freedoms, has set up that single,
unconscionable freedom - Free Trade. In one word, for exploitation,
veiled by religious and political illusions, it has substituted naked,
shameless, direct, brutal exploitation."
- Karl Marx (11)