60 Japanese Research

SPECIFIC RESULTS A simplified limit analysis of cross

FOR 5X5X.I87 CHORD joints w i t h circular tubes has been re-
MATERIAL L I M I T / ported (Ref. 11), w h i c h employs the
50- v p = 0 . 4 Fy^ physical model of Fig. 1 2 to derive an
expression for theoretical ultimate
strength w h i c h can be reduced to the
following:
40
0-5 B,
LIMIT ANALYSIS (4)
0.25 Fy
0(1-0) 2 TR

in 3 0 /3(l-/3) 0.5 y-^

D_ W h e n the effective length BP is taken
-*. as equal to the chord circumference,
I
D_
the last t e r m becomes unity, and
20 equation (4) becomes identical w i t h
equation (3), w i t h a term for the basic
variation of vp w i t h Fy and 7 , mod-
YIELD ified by a term expressing the /? -
LINES effect.
P"0.5y Test data were used to justify an
FOR /3 < 0 . 5 empirical modification of the expres-
sion for ultimate punching shear,
leading to the results plotted in Fig.
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 I.O 12, and
/9 - RATIO
0.3
Fig. 11 Ultimate strength analysis square tubes (4a)
0(1-0.833 0 ) 0.304 y

In this expression the term for /? -

effect has the f o l l o w i n g properties
and implications:
SIMPLIFIED 1. A value of 1.0 for 0 = 0.6
LIMIT . 0.5 II. 2. Increasing joint efficiency for
ANALYSIS /3<l-/9) 0.5 y 2TTR larger 0 -ratios, up to a limiting in-
crease of 1.8-fold f o r 0 = 1.0.
HINGE
LINES Note that for the mid-range of diam-
eter ratios (/3from 0.25 to 0.75) the
assumption of constant punching
shear also provides a reasonable fit to
the data of Fig. 12, in line w i t h earlier
results. For very small /3-ratios, there
is little experimental justification for
the large increases in joint efficiency
40 predicted by t h e / ? -modifier in equa-
tion (4a). Accordingly, it has been rec-
ommended that a modifier of unity be
used for values of 0 less t h a n 0.6. This
is consistent w i t h the results for
square tubes, and appears to be con-
30 servative w i t h respect to theoretical
EMPIR,CAL V results (Fig. 6).
" - f>S?833fi) 3 8 7
<
O
Proposed 0-Effect
UJ CM
Applying the modifier, Q , j , for the
-i 2 0 effects of diameter ratio, to the punch-
&
ing shear criteria of equations pro-
posed earlier (equations (2) and (2a)
one obtains:
<
CE 10 Ultimate v = Q , 7
(5)
o 0.5 x y
z
-CONSTANT V P FOR Fy
Allowable Vy - Q
B
0.25 < f3< 0.75 0.9 x Y 0 7
where

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 I.O

DIAMETER RATIO /3 0.3 for /?> 0.6
Q
7 /? (1-0.833/?)
Z /*?. 12 Japanese results cross joints

1 9 6 - s I MAY 1974