The median of the list

n, n+3, n+4, n+5, n+6, n+8, n+10, n+12, n+15

is 10. What is the mean?

(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 10 (E) 11

2001 AMC 10, Problem #1

The middle number in the 9-number list is n + 6 .

Solution
(E) The middle number in the 9-number list is n + 6, which is given as 10.
Thus n = 4. Add the terms together to get 9n + 63 = 9 4 + 63 = 99.
Thus the mean is 99/9 = 11 .

Difficulty: Medium
NCTM Standard: Number and Operations Standard for Grades 912: Understand numbers, ways
of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems.
Mathworld.com Classification: Probability and Statistics > Rank Statistics > Median
Calculus and Analysis > Special Functions > Means
 A number x is 2 more than the product of its reciprocal
and its additive inverse. In which interval does the
number lie?

(A) 4 x 2 (B) 2 < x 0 (C) 0 < x 2

(D) 2 < x 4 (E) 4 < x 6

2001 AMC 10, Problem #2

The reciprocal of x is x1 , and the additive inverse of x
is x .

Solution
(C) The reciprocal of x is x1 , and the additive inverse of x is x. The
product of these is ( x1 ) (x) = 1. So x = 1 + 2 = 1, which is in the
interval 0 < x 2 .

Difficulty: Medium-hard
NCTM Standard: Number and Operations Standard for Grades 912: Understand numbers, ways
of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems.
Mathworld.com Classification: Number Theory > Arithmetic > Multiplication and Division >
Reciprocal
Algebra > Group Theory > Group Properties > Additive Inverse
 The sum of two numbers is S. Suppose 3 is added to
each number and then each of the resulting numbers
is doubled. What is the sum of the final two numbers?

(A) 2S + 3 (B) 3S + 2 (C) 3S + 6 (D) 2S + 6 (E) 2S + 12

2001 AMC 10, Problem #3

2001 AMC 12, Problem #1
The order of arithmetic operations is add 3 then
double the sum.

Solution
(E) Suppose the two numbers are a and b. Then the desired sum is

2(a + 3) + 2(b + 3) = 2(a + b) + 12 = 2S + 12.

Difficulty: Medium
NCTM Standard: Number and Operations Standard for Grades 912: Understand meanings of
operations and how they relate to one another.
Mathworld.com Classification: Number Theory > Arithmetic > General Arithmetic
 What is the maximum number for the possible points
of intersection of a circle and a triangle?

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) 6

2001 AMC 10, Problem #4

The circle can intersect at most two points of each
side of the triangle.

Solution
(E) The circle can intersect at most two points of each
side of the triangle, so the number can be no greater
than six. The figure shows that the number can
indeed be six.

Difficulty: Medium-easy
NCTM Standard: Geometry Standard for Grades 912: Explore relationships (including
congruence and similarity) among classes of two- and three-dimensional geometric objects, make
and test conjectures about them, and solve problems involving them.
Mathworld.com Classification: Geometry > Plane Geometry > Circles
Geometry > Plane Geometry > Triangles > Special Triangles > Other Triangles > Triangle
 How many of the twelve pentominoes pictured below
have at least one line of symmetry?

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 7

2001 AMC 10, Problem #5

Symmetry lines can be horizontal, vertical, and
diagonal.

Solution
(D) Exactly six have at least one line of symmetry. They are:

Difficulty: Medium-easy
NCTM Standard: Geometry Standard for Grades 912: Apply transformations and use symmetry
to analyze mathematical situations.
Mathworld.com Classification: Geometry > Symmetry
Discrete Mathematics > Combinatorics > Lattice Paths and Polygons > Polyominoes
 Let P (n) and S(n) denote the product and the sum,
respectively, of the digits of the integer n. For
example, P (23) = 6 and S(23) = 5. Suppose N
is a two-digit number such that N = P (N ) + S(N ).
What is the units digit of N ?

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) 9

2001 AMC 10, Problem #6

2001 AMC 12, Problem #2
Let N = 10a + b, where a and b are the digits. Set up
equation to solve for b .

Solution
(E) Suppose N = 10a + b. Then 10a + b = ab + (a + b). It follows that
9a = ab, which implies that b = 9, since a 6= 0 .

Difficulty: Medium
NCTM Standard: Algebra Standard for Grades 912: Represent and analyze mathematical
situations and structures using algebraic symbols.
Mathworld.com Classification: Foundations of Mathematics > Mathematical Problems > Solved
Problems > Digit
 When the decimal point of a certain positive decimal
number is moved four places to the right, the new
number is four times the reciprocal of the original
number. What is the original number?

(A) 0.0002 (B) 0.002 (C) 0.02 (D) 0.2 (E) 2

2001 AMC 10, Problem #7

Moving the decimal point four places to the right is
the same as multiplying the number by 10,000 .

Solution
(C) If x is the number, then moving the decimal point four places to the
right is the same as multiplying x by 10,000. That is, 10,000x = 4 ( x1 ),
which is equivalent to x2 = 4/10,000. Since x is positive, it follows that
x = 2/100 = 0.02 .

Difficulty: Medium-easy
NCTM Standard: Number and Operations Standard for Grades 912: Understand numbers, ways
of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems.
Mathworld.com Classification: History and Terminology > Notation > Decimal Point
Number Theory > Arithmetic > Multiplication and Division > Reciprocal
 Wanda, Darren, Beatrice, and Chi are tutors in the
school math lab. Their schedule is as follows: Darren
works every third school day, Wanda works every
fourth school day, Beatrice works every sixth school
day, and Chi works every seventh school day. Today
they are all working in the math lab. In how many
school days from today will they next be together
tutoring in the lab?

(A) 42 (B) 84 (C) 126 (D) 178 (E) 252

2001 AMC 10, Problem #8

They will all working in the math lab every n days,
where n is the least common multiple of 3, 4, 6, and
7 .

Solution
(B) The number of school days until they will next be together is the least
common multiple of 3, 4, 6, and 7, which is 84 .

Difficulty: Medium-easy
NCTM Standard: Number and Operations Standard for Grades 912: Understand numbers, ways
of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems.
Mathworld.com Classification: Number Theory > Number Theoretic Functions > Least
Common Multiple
 The state income tax where Kristin lives is levied at
the rate of p% of the first $28000 of annual income
plus (p + 2)% of any amount above $28000. Kristin
noticed that the state income tax she paid amounted
to (p + 0.25)% of her annual income. What was her
annual income?

(A) $28000 (B) $32000 (C) $35000 (D) $42000 (E) $56000

2001 AMC 10, Problem #9

2001 AMC 12, Problem #3
Set up an equation to represent the relationship.

Solution
(B) If Kristins annual income is x 28,000 dollars, then
p p+2 p + 0.25
28,000 + (x 28,000) = x.
100 100 100
Multiplying by 100 and expanding yields

28,000p + px + 2x 28,000p 56,000 = px + 0.25x.

So, 1.75x = 47 x = 56,000 and x = 32,000 .

Difficulty: Hard
NCTM Standard: Algebra Standard for Grades 912: Represent and analyze mathematical
situations and structures using algebraic symbols.
Mathworld.com Classification: Number Theory > Arithmetic > Fractions > Percent
 If x, y, and z are positive with xy = 24, xz = 48,
and yz = 72, then x + y + z is

(A) 18 (B) 19 (C) 20 (D) 22 (E) 24

2001 AMC 10, Problem #10

Solve for x, y, and z .

Solution
(D) Since
24
x= = 48z
y
we have z = 2y. So 72 = 2y 2 , which implies that y = 6, x = 4, and
z = 12. Hence x + y + z = 22.
OR
Take the product of the equations to get xy xz yz = 24 48 72. Thus

(xyz)2 = 23 3 24 3 23 32 = 210 34 .

So (xyz)2 = (25 32 )2 , and we have xyz = 25 32 . Therefore,

xyz 25 32
x= = 3 2 = 4.
yz 2 3
From this it follows that y = 6 and z = 12, so the sum is 4 + 6 + 12 = 22 .

Difficulty: Medium-easy
NCTM Standard: Algebra Standard for Grades 912: Write equivalent forms of equations,
inequalities, and systems of equations and solve them with fluencymentally or with paper and pencil
in simple cases and using technology in all cases.
Mathworld.com Classification: Number Theory > Arithmetic > General Arithmetic
 Consider the dark square in an array of unit
squares, part of which is shown. The first ring
of squares around this center square contains
8 unit squares. The second ring contains 16
unit squares. If we continue this process, the
number of unit squares in the 100th ring is

(A) 396 (B) 404 (C) 800 (D) 10,000 (E) 10,404

2001 AMC 10, Problem #11

The nth ring can be partitioned into four rectangles:
two containing 2n + 1 unit squares and two containing
2n 1 unit squares.

Solution
(C) The nth ring can be partitioned into four rectangles: two containing
2n + 1 unit squares and two containing 2n 1 unit squares. So there are

2(2n + 1) + 2(2n 1) = 8n

unit squares in the nth ring. Thus, the 100th ring has 8 100 = 800 unit
squares.
OR
th
The n ring can be obtained by removing a square of side 2n 1 from a
square of side 2n + 1. So it contains

(2n + 1)2 (2n 1)2 = (4n2 + 4n + 1) (4n2 4n + 1) = 8n

unit squares.

Difficulty: Medium-easy
NCTM Standard: Algebra Standard for Grades 912: Understand patterns, relations, and
functions.
Mathworld.com Classification: Number Theory > Sequences > Geometric Sequence
 Suppose that n is the product of three consecutive
integers and that n is divisible by 7. Which of the
following is not necessarily a divisor of n ?

(A) 6 (B) 14 (C) 21 (D) 28 (E) 42

2001 AMC 10, Problem #12

In any triple of consecutive integers, at least one is
even and one is a multiple of 3 .

Solution
(D) In any triple of consecutive integers, at least one is even and one is
a multiple of 3. Therefore, the product of the three integers is both even
and a multiple of 3. Since 7 is a divisor of the product, the numbers 6,
14, 21, and 42 must also be divisors of the product. However, 28 contains
two factors of 2, and n need not. For example, 5 6 7 is divisible by 7,
but not by 28 .

Difficulty: Medium-hard
NCTM Standard: Number and Operations Standard for Grades 912: Compute fluently and make
reasonable estimates.
Mathworld.com Classification: Number Theory > Integers > Consecutive Numbers
 A telephone number has the form ABC DEF
GHIJ, where each letter represents a different digit.
The digits in each part of the number are in decreasing
order; that is, A > B > C, D > E > F , and
G > H > I > J. Furthermore, D, E, and F
are consecutive even digits; G, H, I, and J are
consecutive odd digits; and A + B + C = 9. Find
A.

(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8

2001 AMC 10, Problem #13

2001 AMC 12, Problem #6
The last four digits (GHIJ) are either 9753 or 7531,
and the remaining odd digit (either 1 or 9) is A, B, or
C .

Solution
(E) The last four digits (GHIJ) are either 9753 or 7531, and the remaining
odd digit (either 1 or 9) is A, B, or C. Since A + B + C = 9, the odd digit
among A, B, and C must be 1. Thus the sum of the two even digits in
ABC is 8. The three digits in DEF are 864, 642, or 420, leaving the pairs
2 and 0, 8 and 0, or 8 and 6, respectively, as the two even digits in ABC.
Of those, only the pair 8 and 0 has sum 8, so ABC is 810, and the required
first digit is 8. The only such telephone number is 810 642 9753 .

Difficulty: Medium-hard
NCTM Standard: Number and Operations Standard for Grades 912: Understand numbers, ways
of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems.
Mathworld.com Classification: Number Theory > Integers > Odd Number
Number Theory > Integers > Even Number
 A charity sells 140 benefit tickets for a total of $2001.
Some tickets sell for full price (a whole dollar amount),
and the rest sell for half price. How much money is
raised by the full-price tickets?

(A) $782 (B) $986 (C) $1158 (D) $1219 (E) $1449

2001 AMC 10, Problem #14

2001 AMC 12, Problem #7
Set up an equation with n be the number of full-price
tickets and p be the price of each in dollars. Explore
the equation for n .

Solution
(A) Let n be the number of full-price tickets and p be the price of each in
dollars. Then
p
np + (140 n) = 2001, so p(n + 140) = 4002.
2
Thus n + 140 must be a factor of 4002 = 2 3 23 29. Since 0 n 140,
we have 140 n + 140 280, and the only factor of 4002 that is in the
required range for n + 140 is 174 = 2 3 29. Therefore, n + 140 = 174,
so n = 34 and p = 23. The money raised by the full-price tickets is
34 23 = 782 dollars.

Difficulty: Hard
NCTM Standard: Algebra Standard for Grades 912: Represent and analyze mathematical
situations and structures using algebraic symbols.
Mathworld.com Classification: Number Theory > Arithmetic > General Arithmetic
 A street has parallel curbs 40 feet apart. A crosswalk
bounded by two parallel stripes crosses the street at
an angle. The length of the curb between the stripes
is 15 feet and each stripe is 50 feet long. Find the
distance, in feet, between the stripes.

(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 15 (E) 25

2001 AMC 10, Problem #15

The crosswalk is in the shape of a parallelogram with
base 15 feet and altitude 40 feet.

Solution
(C) The crosswalk is in the shape of a parallelogram with base 15 feet
and altitude 40 feet, so its area is 15 40 = 600 ft2 . But viewed another
way, the parallelogram has base 50 feet and altitude equal to the distance
between the stripes, so this distance must be 600/50 = 12 feet.
15

50 50
40

15

Difficulty: Hard
NCTM Standard: Geometry Standard for Grades 912: Analyze characteristics and properties of
two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric
relationships.
Mathworld.com Classification: Geometry > Plane Geometry > Quadrilaterals > Parallelogram
 The mean of three numbers is 10 more than the least
of the numbers and 15 less than the greatest. The
median of the three numbers is 5. What is their sum?

(A) 5 (B) 20 (C) 25 (D) 30 (E) 36

2001 AMC 10, Problem #16

2001 AMC 12, Problem #4
Sum of the three numbers is sum of the smallest
number and the largest number plus 5 .

Solution
(D) Since the median is 5, we can write the three numbers as x, 5, and
y, where
1 1
(x + 5 + y) = x + 10 and (x + 5 + y) + 15 = y.
3 3
If we add these equations, we get
2
(x + 5 + y) + 15 = x + y + 10
3
and solving for x + y gives x + y = 25. Hence the sum of the numbers
x + y + 5 = 30.
OR
Let m be the mean of the three numbers. Then the least of the numbers
is m 10 and the greatest is m + 15. The middle of the three numbers is
the median, 5. So
1
((m 10) + 5 + (m + 15)) = m
3
and m = 10. Hence, the sum of the three numbers is 3(10) = 30.

Difficulty: Medium-hard
NCTM Standard: Algebra Standard for Grades 912: Use symbolic algebra to represent and
explain mathematical relationships.
Mathworld.com Classification: Calculus and Analysis > Special Functions > Means
Probability and Statistics > Rank Statistics > Median
 Which of the cones below can be formed from
a 252 sector of a circle of radius 10 by aligning 10
252

the two straight sides?

10 10 10

6 6 7
(A) (B) (C)

10 10

7 8
(D) (E)

2001 AMC 10, Problem #17

2001 AMC 12, Problem #8
The slant height of the cone is 10, the radius of the
sector.

Solution
(C) The slant height of the cone is 10, the radius of the sector. The
circmference of the base of the cone is the same as the length of the
secotrs arc. This is 252/360 = 7/10 of the circumference, 20, of the
circle from which the sector is cut. The base circumference of the cone is
14, so its radius is 7.

Difficulty: Hard
NCTM Standard: Geometry Standard for Grades 912: Analyze properties and determine
attributes of two- and three-dimensional objects.
Mathworld.com Classification: Geometry > Plane Geometry > Arcs > Circular Sector
Geometry > Solid Geometry > Cones
 The plane is tiled by congruent squares and
congruent pentagons as indicated. The percent
of the plane that is enclosed by the pentagons
is closest to

(A) 50 (B) 52 (C) 54 (D) 56 (E) 58

2001 AMC 10, Problem #18

2001 AMC 12, Problem #10
Draw a 3 3 pattern.

Solution
(D) The pattern shown at left is repeated in the plane. In fact, nine
repetitions of it are shown in the statement of the problem. Note that four
of the nine squres in the three-by-three square are not in the four pentagons
that make up the three-by-three square. Therefore, the percentage of the
plane that is enclosed by pentagons is
4 5 5
1 = = 55 %
9 9 9
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Difficulty: Medium-hard
NCTM Standard: Geometry Standard for Grades 912: Analyze properties and determine
attributes of two- and three-dimensional objects.
Mathworld.com Classification: Geometry > Plane Geometry > Polygons
 Pat wants to buy four donuts from an ample
supply of three types of donuts: glazed, chocolate,
and powdered. How many different selections are
possible?

(A) 6 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 15 (E) 18

2001 AMC 10, Problem #19

Apply Gausss Backward Formula (also known as bars
and stars).

Solution
(D) The number of possible selections is the number of solutions of the
equation
g+c+p=4
where g,c, and p represent, respectively, the number of glazed, chocolate,
and powdered donuts. The 15 possible solutions to this equations are
(4,0,0), (0,4,0), (0,0,4), (3,0,1), (3,1,0), (1,3,0), (0,3,1), (1,0,3), (0,1,3),
(2,2,0), (2,0,2), (0,2,2), (2,1,1), (1,2,1), and (1,1,2).
OR
Code each selection as a sequence of four s and two |s, where represents
a donut and each | denotes a separator between types of donuts. For
example | | represents two glazed donuts, one chocolate donut, and
one powdered donut. From the six slots that can be occupied by a | or a
, we must
6choose6 two places for the |s to determine a selection. Thus,
there are 2 C2 6C2 = 15 selections.

Difficulty: Medium-hard
NCTM Standard: Algebra Standard for Grades 912: Use mathematical models to represent and
understand quantitative relationships.
Mathworld.com Classification: Applied Mathematics > Numerical Methods > Finite Differences
> Gausss Backward Formula
 A regular octagon is formed by cutting an isosceles
right triangle from each of the corners of a square
with sides of length 2000. What is the length of each
side of the octagon?

1
(A) (2000) (B) 2000( 2 1) (C) 2000(2 2)
3

(D) 1000 (E) 1000 2

2001 AMC 10, Problem #20

One side of the original square = 2 hypotenuse of
the isosceles right triangle + one side of the octagon.

Solution
(B) Let x represent the length of each side of the octagon, which is also
the length of the hypotenuse of each of the right triangles. Each leg of
the right triangles has length x 2/2, so

x 2 2000
2 + x = 2000, and x = = 2000( 2 1).
2 2+1

Difficulty: Hard
NCTM Standard: Geometry Standard for Grades 912: Analyze characteristics and properties of
two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric
relationships.
Mathworld.com Classification: Geometry > Plane Geometry > Polygons > Octagon
 A right circular cylinder with its diameter equal to its
height is inscribed in a right circular cone. The cone
has diameter 10 and altitude 12, and the axes of the
cylinder and cone coincide. Find the radius of the
cylinder.

8 30 25 7
(A) (B) (C) 3 (D) (E)
3 11 8 2

2001 AMC 10, Problem #21

Sketch the figure out.

Solution
(B) Let the cylinder have radius r and height 2r. Since 4AP Q is similar
to 4AOB, we have
12 2r 12 30
= , so r =
r 5 11
A
A

12-2r
12
P Q 12
P Q

2r
O B
O B
5
5

Difficulty: Hard
NCTM Standard: Geometry Standard for Grades 912: Analyze characteristics and properties of
two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric
relationships.
Mathworld.com Classification: Geometry > Solid Geometry > Cylinders
Geometry > Solid Geometry > Cones
 In the magic square shown, the sums of the
v 24 w
numbers in each row, column, and diagonal
are the same. Five of these numbers are 18 x y

represented by v, w, x, y, and z. Find y + z . 25 z 21

(A) 43 (B) 44 (C) 45 (D) 46 (E) 47

2001 AMC 10, Problem #22

Since v appears in the first row, first column, and on
diagonal, the sum of the remaining two numbers in each
of these lines must be the same.

Solution
(D) Since v appears in the first row, first column, and on diagonal, the
sum of the remaining two numbers in each of these lines must be the same.
Thus,
25 + 18 = 24 + w = 21 + x,
so w = 19 and x = 22. now 25,22, and 19 form a diagonal with a sum of
66, so we can find v = 23, y = 26, and z = 20. Hence y + z = 46.

Difficulty: Medium-hard
NCTM Standard: Number and Operations Standard for Grades 912: Compute fluently and make
reasonable estimates.
Mathworld.com Classification: Recreational Mathematics > Puzzles
 A box contains exactly five chips, three red and
two white. Chips are randomly removed one at a
time without replacement until all the red chips are
drawn or all the white chips are drawn. What is the
probability that the last chip drawn is white?

3 2 1 3 7
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
10 5 2 5 10

2001 AMC 10, Problem #23

2001 AMC 12, Problem #11
If the last chip drawn is white, that means the last
chip left is red.

Solution
(D) Think of continuing the drawing until all five chips are removed
form the box. There are ten possible orderings of the colors: RRRWW,
RRWRW, RWRRW, WRRRW, RRWWR, RWRWR, WRRWR, RWWRR,
WRWRR, and WWRRR. The six orderings that end in R represent drawings
that would have ended when the second white chip was drawn.
OR
Imagine drawing until only one chip remains. If the remaining chip is red,
then that draw would have ended when the second white chip was removed.
The last chip will be red with probability 3/5 .

Difficulty: Hard
NCTM Standard: Data Analysis and Probability Standard for Grades 912: Understand and
apply basic concepts of probability.
Mathworld.com Classification: Probability and Statistics > Probability
 In trapezoid ABCD, AB and CD are perpendicular
to AD, with AB + CD = BC, AB < CD, and
AD = 7. What is AB CD ?

(A) 12 (B) 12.25 (C) 12.5 (D) 12.75 (E) 13

2001 AMC 10, Problem #24

Trapezoid ABCD has two of its angle be 90 , and the
Pythagorean Theorem will be used to find AB CD .

Solution
(B) Let E be the foot of the perpendicular from B to CD. Then AB =
DE and BE = AD = 7. By the Pythagorean Theorem,
C

AD2 = BE 2 = BC 2 CE 2
= (CD + AB)2 (CD AB)2
B E

= (CD + AB + CD AB)(CD + AB CD + AB)

= 4 CD AB. A D

Hence, AB CD = AD2 /4 = 72 /4 = 49/4 = 12.25 .

Difficulty: Hard
NCTM Standard: Geometry Standard for Grades 912: Analyze characteristics and properties of
two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric
relationships.
Mathworld.com Classification: Geometry > Plane Geometry > Quadrilaterals > Trapezoid
 How many positive integers not exceeding 2001 are
multiples of 3 or 4 but not 5 ?

(A) 768 (B) 801 (C) 934 (D) 1067 (E) 1167

2001 AMC 10, Problem #25

2001 AMC 12, Problem #12
The total number = the number of multiples of 3 and
4 the number of multiples of 12, 15, and 20 + the
number of multiples of 60 .

Solution
(B) For integers not exceeding 2001, there are b2001/3c = 667 multiples
of 3 and b2001/4c = 500 multiples of 4. The total, 1167, counts the
b2001/12c = 166 multiples of 12 twice, so there are 1167 166 = 1001
multiples of 3 or 4. From these we exclude the b2001/15c = 133 multiples
of 15 and the b2001/20c = 100 multiples of 20, since these are multiples
of 5. However, this excludes the b2001/60c = 33 multiples of 60 twice, so
we must re-include these. The number of integers satisfying the conditions
is 1001 133 100 + 33 = 801.

Difficulty: Hard
NCTM Standard: Number and Operations Standard for Grades 912: Understand numbers, ways
of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems.
Mathworld.com Classification: Number Theory > Divisors > Divisible