SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [ BLD1403]

PROJECT 2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS

Nor Syarianna Neo 0318236

Tutor : Mr.Rizal
CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS - CONTENT PAGE

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Precedent Study

2.1 Roof System
2.1 Faade System 1
2.2 Faade System 2
2.3 Structural System
2.4 Floor System

3.0 Faade Design Scheme

3.1 Faade Design Scheme 1 : Front Elevation
3.2 Faade Design Scheme 1 : Rear Elevation
3.3 Faade Design Scheme 2 : Front Elevation
3.4 Faade Design Scheme 2 : Rear Elevation

4.0 Sectional Perspectives

4.1 Sectional Perspectives 1
4.2 Sectional Perspectives 2
1.0 | INTRODUCTION

PROJECT BRIEF : COMMUNITY LIBRARY The project brief requirements calls for a community library to serve for the
SITE : JALAN TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN, KUALA LUMPUR localized community of Jalan TAR. The response to the brief is a third place
NO. OF STOREY :5 library in which the library works as a social hub interacting and engaging
with the needs and desires of the local community. To enhance the
casualness of the proposed library, the structure and faade design calls for
openness and transparent-ness, thus permeable/open faade system such as
mesh faade and movable shutters faade are considered. Steel post and
beam system is also chosen to allow thinness and lightness of the structure.
These system are explored in the following report.
 2.1 | Precedent Studies : Roof System : Flat Roof with Zipper Truss
INTRODUCTION
-FLAT ROOF WITH ZIPPER TRUSS
-UMASS AMHERST DESIGN BUILGIND ZIPPER TRUSS
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER : SIMPSON GUMPHERTZ & HEGER
The zipper truss solved the structural challenge of a long roof with a
dynamic looking structure. The zipper truss was a combination of a
dynamic form, architectural consistency and structural efficiency. It
allows for various span lengths while keeping the overall building
column grid and highlights the cost effectiveness of the digital
fabrication process.
CONSTRUCTION DETAIL OF THE ZIPPER TRUSS -GLULAM CONNECTION MEMBERS:
The zipper truss contains seven set of trussed which consist of four tubular glulam struts and foul steel rods.
The glulam compression members, which are capped with steel ends, transfer the roofs structural load to a
central steel node. The steel rods then work in tension to transfer the load to the steel beam, which span the
width of the library and are supported by columns.
-DETAILED AXONOMETRIC OF THE ZIPPER TRUSS :
INCLUDING BLOWUP AXONOMETRIC OF THE COMPRESSION MEMBERS WITH CAPPED STEEL ENDS

CONTEXT CONSIDERATION
As the structure of the proposed library has a flat roof, the
challenge is to make the interior of the roof equally dynamic
as its spaces as the users are walking through the building.

1. 18 glulam beam
2. Steel tension rod clevis
connector
3. Steel tension rod
4. Connection plates
5. Cast end connection
6. Diagonal glulam strut
7. Solid steel bullet
-ELEVATION OF THE ZIPPER TRUSS :
And also since the library composite floor are cladded with
timber panels, timber trusses are considered to continue the
architectural language and ad necessary warmth to the raw
steel structure of the library.
Thus, the innovative and dynamic shape of the zipper truss
is chosen to enhance the library interior quality while still
being able to sustain the long roof with a free
open,unobstructive structure.
ADVANTAGES
1. DYNAMIC, EXCITING TRUSS SHAPE
In comparison to the normal trusses, the zipper truss
provides a more dynamic aesthetic as it has a more 3-
dimensional form.

2. STRUCTURAL EFFECIENT
-3D-MODEL OF THE ZIPPER TRUSS: The zipper truss allows for long spans and transfer the
structural loads to the central steel node and adjacent steel
beam, allowing for long unobstructive structural system.

3. ACOUSTICS EFFECT
Another highlight of the zipper truss is the acoustics wood
panel embedded along the structure, which allows for
acoustics and help to absorb, lessen noise within the
building.
DISADVANTAGES
1. MORE COSTLY AND STRUCTURALLY
CHALLENGING
 2.2 | Precedent Studies : Facade System 1 : Architectural Mesh Faade Cladding
INTRODUCTION
-ARCHITECTURAL MESH FAADE CLADDING
Mesh membrane materials can be
PVC coated on polyester fabric or
can be produced as Teflon coating on
glass fiber. Mesh materials vary in
their use, depending on the latency
and functional expectations. Material
can be produced with different
texture, color and pore sizes
according to specific architectural
expectations.
CONTEXTUAL CONSIDERATION
1. Open and transparent
As the intention is to design and
propose a open and transparent
structure for the
engagement of the structure and
the faade. Mesh facades provides
the perfect balance
of openness yet privacy at the
same time..
3. Media Faade
Mesh faade system also can help
to project media content and act as
a interactive screen
when needed, which helps to
engage the people with the building
on a street level.
CASE STUDY
-LAPD MTD+MSP
JOHN FRIEDMAN ALICE KIMM ARCHITECTS
This particular project features an undulating, vertically banded,
stainless steel mesh screen which stretches across the full width of
300-foot long structure. Painted in a pattern of leaves, it creates a
dynamic image and the metal mesh also provides privacy and
security in a manner that allows the structure to be naturally
ventilated.
CONSTRUCTION DETAIL ADVANTAGES
-FAADE MOUNTING DETAILING
1. Architectural Design Freedom and Economics
Mesh elements can be tensioned over several storeys using round bars and eyebolts. A solid
Due to the material characteristics, mesh offers flexibility in design and create 3-
substructure for absorbing the resulting loads is required at the upper and lower face.
dimensional amorphous forms that can not be obtained with many known materials and it
Intermediate mounting is provided at each floor level by means of a round bars and wire
is much more economical than other conventional materials.
connectors.
2.Sun Protection
1.TOP MOUNTING : ROUND BAR WITH EYEBOLTS Architectural mesh provides effective sun protection, in particular to filter incident light and
The cable mesh elements can be tensioned using eyebolts, which are integrated into the mesh with a solid reduce warning of the building.
round bar. The element can then be tensioned to continuous substructure profile or with single fastening
3.Transparency and View Protection
brackets.
Wire mesh provides transparency from inside when viewed front on. At the same
time,mesh facades can almost have an opaque effect depending on the angle of view
and lighting conditions.
4.Long Life Cycle
Architectural wire mesh stands out for extreme durability and is almost maintenance free
due to use of corrosion-resistant stainless steel and robust mounting technology.
5. Colour and Transparent Media Faade
2. INTERMEDIATE MOUNTING : WITH WIRE CONNECTORS Various techniques can be used to colour the mesh elements to give a vibrant look and
At each intermediate mounting level a round bar with attached pendular clips is incorporated into the mesh. also due to the modular structure of the system, the faade can completely or partially be
During installation the pendular clips are attached to on-site fastening brackets. designed as a media faade.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Humidity and
Rain
As the material is
permeable, it allows
humidity and rain in if
3. BOTTOM MOUNTING : WITH WIRE CONNECTORS not properly installed
or assigned at a
Corresponding with the top mounting, a round bar is inserted into the cable mesh. Eyebolts are integrated to
tension the panels using a continuous substructure like an angle iron. The eyebolts allow for accurate settings
correct
orientation/placement
of the tension.
.
 2.3 | Precedent Studies : Facade System 2 : Shutters Faade System
INTRODUCTION CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
A) SLIDING SHUTTERS B) VERTICALLY FOLDING SHUTTERS DETAIL C) HORIZONTALLY FOLDING C) LOUVRES DETAIL
A) SLIDING SHUTTERS
SECTION DETAIL SHUTTERS DETAIL
The individual sliding shutters are made of
extruded aluminium frame profiles, which
can then have different infill materials
according to the architectural design
requirements.

Individual elements can be combined into a

synchronous/asynchronous movable
system. Two low maintanence double
bearings support the shutter at the top. An
aluminium rail contains the rollers at the
bottom.

B) VERTICALLY FOLDING SHUTTERS

By changing the opening angle, the viewer
is presented with a different view of the
faade with a fascinating play of light and
shadow in the shaded rooms .

The advantage of this design is its space-

saving potential when open and the
unobstructed views.

The individual frames are always

customized and are connected to each
other via hinges. There can be either 2,4,6
leaves in one unit.

CONTEXTUAL ADVANTAGES
C) INDIVIDUAL SHUTTER BLADE VARIETY CONSIDERATION 1.High Performance for Sun
C) HORIZONTALLY FOLDING SHUTTERS Apart from controlling and designing the operable manner of the shutters, the individual blades can also be Sun shading and Control
customized through angle and material for maximum effect. structural The transparency of an
When open, this version of shutters enables engagement: architectural mesh provides
cantilevered sun protection which is useful Not only does natural ventilation, the
especially on summer days when the sun is
shutters and louvres openings of the mesh can be
high in the sky, and which enables the view
to the outside to be entirely unobstructed.
provide the optimal adjusted to meet particular
sun shading, the aeration and ventilation
The position of the shutter can be changed form that the requirements.
to accommodate the amount of sunlight. shutters transform 2.Sun Protection
into when opened or Architectural mesh provides
folded also creates a effective sun protection, in
dynamic visual and particular to filter incident light
physical and reduce warning of the
engagement tool. building.
2.4 | Precedent Studies : Structural System 1 : Steel Braced Frame System
INTRODUCTION
-STEEL IN SANAA NEW MUSEM OF ART,NYC - STEEL BRACE FRAME STRUCTURE A braced frame is a structural system which is
designed primarily to work in tension and Wide flanges,
compression. In general, a braced frame consist of HSS and gusset
diagonal members used to resist lateral loads. plates come
Braced frame come in following varieties: together in a
myriad of
connections.

X-Braced Frame K-Braced Frame Knee Braced Braces can be

seen here, the
-MATERIAL USED: brace has a slot
that fits over the
gusset plate
which is then
welded. The
Section shows Solution is a brace frame system
Sanaa wanted the museum to be as open and porous as possible and the braces are HSS
the staggered of interlaced beams and columns
structures are made up of staggered volumes. The shifted volumes would volumes which is Sections.
which handle gravity loads and
required load transfers from volume to volume, and therefore the lighter a structural the walls itself acts as story-deep Hollow Steel Steel Gusset Wide Flanges
the structure the better, thus steel braced frame was chosen. challenge. trusses. Section Plate
CONSTRUCTION DETAIL WALL DETAIL
THE FOLLOWING DRAWINGS AND DIAGRAMS SHOWS DETAILS OF THE CONNECTION OF THE HSS, COLUMN FLANGES AND GUSSET PLATE AS WELL AS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN Continuing the thinness of the wall, the wall continuous with the steel column with
STEEL COLUMN ANE BEAM: light gauge stud framing and cladded with plywood and gypsum board finishing.
Aluminium Steel column with
1.WIDE FLANGE LATERAL BRACE CONNECTION AT COLUMN FLANGE 2. COLUMN WEB MOMENT CONNECTION 3. LATERAL HSS BRACE CONNECTION AT COLUMN FLANGE
mesh spray on fire
proofing
Wire Connector
Structural
Vapor- Stud
permeable air Framing
barrier
Plywood
Glass fiber
insulation Gypsum
board
Gypsum
sheathing

ADVANTAGES & CONTEXTUAL CONSIDERATIONS

1. Fast,Efficient Construction
Steel structure can be constructed much easily and faster, the steel components can
be prefabricated to speed up working process and prevent errors.
2. Long lasting and Sustainable
Steel structure is extremely long lasting as it does not decay easily nor exposed to
insects attack, proper resistance to water and humidity can allow longer life span to
the structure.
3. Thin Structure
Steel allows an obstructive thin walls and structures that helps to achieve a lighter
physical weight as well as a lighter look on the structure.
 2.5 | Precedent Studies : Floor System : SLIMDEK Composite Floor Deck
INTRODUCTION CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
-LONG SPAN COMPOSITE DECK WITH ASSYMETRIC SLIMFLOR BEAMS -PLAN VIEW OF TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN LAYOUT FOR COMPOSITE FLOOR DECKING -SECTION VIEW OF COMPOSITE FLOOR DECK ONTO EXTERNAL WALL WITH EDGE BEAM

CONCRETE SLAB

MESH REINFORCEMENT

ASSYMETRICAL
COMFLOR METAL DECK SLIMFLOR BEAM

Slimdek is an engineered flooring solution, formed with

Comfloor 225 deep decking between Asymmetric Slimflor -END FIXING OF COMFLOR METAL DECKING ONTO ASSYMETRICAL SLIMFOR BEAMS
Beams(ASB) : a hot rolled section with a narrower top flange
than bottom flange. developed to offer a cost-effective, ADVANTAGES
service-integrated,minimal depth floor for use in multi-storey 1.SPEED OF CONSTRUCTION
framed buildings. Bundles of decking can be positioned on the structure by crane and the individual
sheets then installed by hand. Using this process, crane time is minimal, and decking
COMPOSITE ARRANGEMENT OF ASB AND COMFLOR can be installed by one team in a day, depending on the shape and size of the
MESH REINFORCEMENT building footprint.
MINIMUM 2.SAVING IN WEIGHT
30mm Composite construction is considerably stiffer and stronger then many other floor
systems, so the weight and size of the primary structure can be reduced.
3.SLIM FLOOR CONSTRUCTION
-SIDE FIXING OF COMFLOR METAL DECKING ONTO ASSYMETRICAL SLIMFOR BEAMS The stiffness and bending resistance of composite beams that shallower floors can be
achieved than in non-composite construction.
RIB REINFORCEMENT DISADVANTAGES
BAR
1.NEW CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
MESH As Comflor 210 deck with ABS without shear connectors is a relatively recent technology,
REINFORCE- an experienced contractor has to be appointed to ensure proper installation of the floor
MENT
decking.

CONTEXTUAL CONSIDERATION
ASSYMETRICAL
SLIMFOR
FAST CONSTRUCTION : As the proposed site is a tight space in between active
BEAM urban sites, speed in construction is of utmost importance as to not disturb the surrounding
activites and businesses.
COMFLOR -CUT METAL DECK FIXING ONTO BEAM -PERIMETER WITH TRIM
METAL
DECK PRE-CONCRETE STAGE

-Composite action of ASB (Assymetric Slimflor Beam) and

Comflor Metal Decking is developed with surrounding concrete
without the need for stud shear connectors, saving both cost and
time on site.
-It is a long span composite deck that offers unpropped spans
with corresponding reduction in steelwork.
-When combined with assymetric beams, the deck can be
contained within the beam depth, which produces a slim floor.
3.1 | Faade Design Scheme 1 : Front Elevation

Architectural Mesh Faade System

Faade design scheme 1 utilizes architectural mesh faade system which is light in appearance, to contrast its adjacent heavy masonry/concrete building blocks,
the permeable mesh provides transparency yet privacy, and also allows passive natural ventilation through the building.

FRONT MOUNTING

PATTERNED CABLE MESH

BOTTOM MOUNTING
3.2 | Faade Design Scheme 1 : Front Elevation

Architectural Mesh Faade System

The gridded tri-partiate arrangement of the mesh faade system also reflects the context repetitive and gridded nature of facades. Vegetations such as creepers
can also be grown along the mesh faade, allowing the mesh faade to soften the monotonous commercial building repetitive faade surrounding.

FRONT MOUNTING

PATTERNED CABLE MESH

BOTTOM MOUNTING
3.3 | Faade Design Scheme 2 : Front Elevation

Architectural Mesh Faade System

Faade Design Scheme 1 utilizes operable shutters as the main elements which incorporates the three types of shutter system that was explored during the
precedence studies : The most upper half and lower half of the building applied the louvre brise-soleil system for optimal sun shading, while the middle area
applied a combination of horizontal and vertical folding shutters to allow the user to control the sun shading or views as they prefer.

NON-OPERABLE LOUVRES

HORIZONTAL FOLDING
SHUTTERS

VERTICAL FOLDING SHUTTERS

3.4 | Faade Design Scheme 2 : Front Elevation

Architectural Mesh Faade System

At the rear elevation, more permanent, non-operable louvred brise soleil faade system is applied to provide more privacy as the backlane is prone to loading
bays and cars around, the middle is also embedded with greeneries to buffer thru the building as well as continuing the warmth of the wood into.

NON-OPERABLE LOUVRES

BUFFER GARDEN
4.1
Plywood
Gypsum
board
Structural
Shear Plate Stud
Steel Column Framing
Connection
Plate
Gypsum
sheathing
Steel column with
spray on fire
proofing
Glass fiber
insulation
Vapor-
permeable air
barrier
4.2
ZIPPER TRUSS ROOF STRUCTURE